Theodore W. Kheel used the following methods in his dispute resolution and mediation techniques:
· Define the disputed issue
· Gather relevant facts
· Identify the ultimate decision makers for each side
· Find common ground
· Bring parties to think in terms of solutions, not problems
· Evaluate the cost of the disputed issues to weight their relative importance
· Act as an unpaid neutral to freely pursue the best settlement
Kheel felt it was important to bring both parties together and have them discuss their issues in open. He asked them to clarify the dispute and what solution they expected. He would gather the facts and help both parties find a common ground, which could aid in cooperation. Kheel encouraged both parties to not dwell on the problems or past events, but to look forward and brain storm solutions. He identified the main decision maker from each side and asked them to evaluate the importance of the disputed issue. Kheel was open minded and restrained himself from being persuaded by emotional outbursts. He was able to accomplish this by using several methods.
Defining the issue in question is an effective first step. You’d be surprised how many disagreements are based on miscommunication or a misunderstanding. When we are able to articulate what the issue is, we may clarify the issue and what outcome or retribution we expect.
During a dispute, our recollection of events can be distorted by our emotions. Events may be exaggerated and we may fail to recognize how our actions affected the other party. It is important for a mediator to gather facts in order to make an educated and fair decision. A mediator cannot be persuaded by emotional outbursts. Otherwise, this encourages disorder and argumentation.
When working to resolve disputes between groups or organizations, it is important to establish the ultimate decision make for each party. You’ve heard the term “too many cooks in the kitchen”. Well, determining the individuals who are responsible for decision making or for influencing decision making will prevent too many opinions and disturbances. This is effective for getting to the core of solving an issue.
Finding common ground can help parties realize that they are not enemies and that they have a foundation of values, beliefs, basic needs, etc. If we can allow ourselves to become more open minded to the needs of the other party, we may realize our terms are too demanding.
Giving greater attention and focus to solutions, is an effective way to help both parties look forward. In contrast, allowing parties to relive the disagreement will cause an emphasis on the problems and lead to unproductive arguments.
The method of asking each party to evaluate the cost of the disputed issues helps identify and prioritize the solutions. Perhaps, a party may decide the dispute is not worth the trouble.
Acting as an unpaid mediator is symbolic of fair interest. It shows that Kheel had no alternative motive and was there in the interest of a fair settlement.
