Step 1
The population of American Muslims is largely based upon the migrants 63% that come from the other countries since 1990. Most of them called a first generation of Muslims in America that have parental country such as Middle East, North Africa and South Asia. Pew Research Center (2011) justified that 37% of the Muslims were born in the America. The ultimate object of this study is to explore the role of education on religious behavior and attendance of Muslims in the America. What are the circumstances through which Muslims in America failed to maximize their attendance? On the other hand, what are the factors that motivate the American Muslims to shows their religious behavior towards Islam? The focused area of this research study is based upon the American Muslim behavior and attendance with respect to their age factors. This study also covers the factors which directly affect the attention of the Americans Muslim behaviors in their life. This study highlight the necessary steps which need to evaluate with the American Muslim behavior in high school education and American Muslim attendance at higher level of education.
H1: Respondents who have high school education are more likely to have more intense religious behaviors than others do.
H2: Respondents who have college and higher education level are more likely to have less religious attendance than respondents who have less education.
Step 2
The basal study delineate towards the qualitative and exploratory research study to find out the American Muslim behavior and attendance towards their religious values and norms. Several type of qualitative research will focus in the study i.e. in-depth interview, focus group discussion and random probability sampling. The combination of focus group discussion and observation tools of sub set of population in American Muslims play a significant role to gather the valued information from the target sample.
Step 3
This study based upon the qualitative data analysis, so far it is justified that the qualitative data is based upon the valid published source of data from well-renowned journals and conference proceedings including religious web portals of US. While conducting the analysis in triangulation the core variables i.e. American Muslim religious behavior and attendance shows the contradictory relationship on the bases of fact and figures. The action plan which used for the solution of the problems, with the help of researcher categorical information provides the solution of the research problem. Kinnear & Taylor (1996) highlights that the strategy adopts of the research design for the collection of data directly match with research questions and objectives. The pilot testing of the research question and inventory of variables also provide extensive support to overcome the biasness in the data set. Via using the software and researcher intelligence leads to construct the results on the bases of factual findings.
Step 4
The privacy issues in this research study may leads towards the failure and crucial problem for researcher. In this regard, complementary note and privacy note placed before conduct the interview form targeted sample. The questionnaire technique followed in this research study provides the support to measure the conceptual framework. While considering the research study, the triangulation methods is used for the core variables. According to the Sekaran (2000) a good selection of words can leads towards less biasness. In this sense, researcher skills play a vital role to use good selection of words in all questions which helps to engage the respondent to fill the questionnaire in friendly mode. Thereby, it also analyzes the impact factor of American Muslim religious behavior and attendance with respect to their age factors and education level. Alternatively, non-probability sampling techniques like snow ball, ad-hoc and convenient approach helps to get the data form American Muslims. Zikmund (1997) study helps to find out the qualitative measure is highly focused in this research study and helps to construct the model on it. Factor analysis and reliability analysis also focused in this study to find out the factorial relationship among the core variables and sub set of variables.
Step 5
It comes under the responsibility of the researchers that maintain the ethical values during the interaction with the respondents. As far concern of the sensitivity level of the research on American Muslims religious behavior and attendance with respect to their education level, it is necessary to deal with the respondent in a professional way. There is need to design the questionnaire according to the basal requirements of this research study and meet with the respondents at their prescribe places. It is also necessary to target the sample near to their religious places in America. Alternatively, snow balling technique plays a significant role to approach the respondent within limited time frame. Keep ensure that the behavior of each individual linked with this research study and each respondent less likely face the harm and suffer situation from this study.
Step 6
Focus group discussion and interview techniques for the target sample will provide extensive support to get the relevant information and meet the objective of research. Certain tools will used to gather the data of respondents and keep it safe and sound for the qualitative analysis.
Record of respondent interview on audio tape
Analyze the field journals and published material of religious bodies
Visit the digital libraries that provide historical background of the American Muslims
Also access the other relevant material that linked with the research study.
Step 7
The context of questionnaire development is based on the core theme and objective of the research study. It relates with the information which need to obtain for the research study. The method which follows in this research studies is based on the response of survey by respondent. It also depends upon the data processing and evaluation techniques for analysis and discussion section of the research study. An innovative technique used for designing and development of the questionnaire which build an intention level of respondent and show his willingness to response the all questions positively and accurately. There are list of questions that become a part of research study during survey such as:
1. How much time do you spend for religious activities in a week?
2. Is it necessary for American Muslims to maintain their religious attendance in association with their behavior?
3. What factors play vital role to balance the religious behavior and attendance for American Muslims?
4. At what extent, you pay worthy attention towards religion at high school and college education level?
5. What are the reasons that you are unable to spare more time for religious activities in America?
Step 8
This research study relies on two parameters that are validity and reliability of research concepts during the process of data gathering from the respondents.
Validity: It is important for to validate the conceptual framework for the whole research study on the bases of the facts and figures. Meanwhile, it also provides the linkage with the outcomes and the hypothetical framework. The research method and techniques adopt for generalize the concept of whole research study leads towards the authenticity and validity of the abstract.
In this study, non-probabilistic sampling technique is used for maintain high degree of validity. As for concern of the close ended questionnaire, pilot testing of the questionnaire become an effective tool for check the validity of research questions which asked in the questionnaire.
Reliability: It is important to measure the degree of freedom for removing the error and biasness in the respondent data. For maintaining the reliability of data few are largely focused in this research study i.e. clarify the concept, use several method to measure the data, measure all variables in different manners and use scaling techniques to jot-down the core concept of research study with factual data obtain form the respondents.
Cooper and Emory (1995) study highlight the research method and techniques adopt for generalize the concept of whole research study leads towards the authenticity and validity of the abstract.
Step 9
As far concern of the religious matter of American Muslims, it is necessary to ensure the respondents that their information will keep confidential, secure and not for sale to any other institutions. Such intension level of researcher will help to build a confidence level of respondents that leads towards the accurate data which is ultimate objective of this study.
References
Pew Research Center. (2011). Muslim Americans: No Signs of Growth in Alienation or Support for Extremism: Mainstream and Moderate Attitude. Retrieved from http://www.people-press.org/2011/08/30/muslim-americans-no-signs-of-growth-in-alienation-or-support-for-extremism/
Sekaran, U. (2000). Research Methods for Business: A skill-building approach (3rd ed.).
New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Kinnear, T. C., & Taylor, J. R. (1996). Marketing Research: An applied approach (5th ed.).
New York: McGraw Hill.
Cooper, D. R., & Emory, C. W. (1995), Business Research Methods (5th ed.).
United States of America: Irwin.
Zikmund, W. G. (1997), Business Research Methods (4th ed.). New York: Dryden Press,
