The United States government behaves as an impe5ral institution in the attribute that the agenda and the rationale of capitalism are clearly valued. At the same time, the adherence to capitalism has wider implications. This is due to the fact, that the nations are constructions of specific people. The states that are within the nations are reflective of specific philosophies and interests. The states are biased toward male domination. This infers that men compose the majority of the power positions in the government and the state will defend the interests of the men in the society. The European Union and the United States are practitioners of philosophies of male domination. This male dominated society is determined to exclude the feminine gender from administrative positions. The nature of man is to dominate his environment; the outcome is that men have come to dominate other men. Traditionally, the rich dominate the poor; the males dominate the females, and the influential nations govern over the less influential nations. This quality is attributed to capitalism and exploiting the resources of the environment (Pellow 51).
The state´s behavior towards the majority of the individuals who are in a submissive position is to dominate over them as it would dominate over nature. The discipline of environmental studies maintains that exploiting the environment and exploiting the people who reside in is necessary. Consequently, in the event that the environmental integrity of the working class neighborhood is damaged by another entity, the outcome is the outcry for the damage perpetrated against the greater good. In this circumstance, the greater good is the public health (Pellow 51).
A racial contract is inherent in the framework of the government. This racial contract delineates that European Americans built the United States by activities that caused the exclusion of the Native Americans and the African Americans. The concept of Hobbes ´body politic as being a sort of monster comes into consideration. If the nation is a serious entity, how are some of its components regarded as waste. The responses is that through the racial contract that has been instilled in the consciousness of the nation, specific groups of people can be discarded as if they were any other form of waste. Mills debates those specific groups particularly those that are descendants of African Americans can be perceived as being disposable. In the event that the body politic and the communities tview this group as disposable, it would be rational that the nation’s physical garbage would be deposited with the undesired people. The undesired people are the Native Americans and the African American that the body politic and the communities that are subjected to its government seek to exclude. In the event that certain groups of people are dirty, disposable and filthy, then the institutional and environmental racism are justified practices (Pellow 52).
I completely agree with Charles Mills. Racism is in the psyche of the nation. This has been what has been a motivation for hundreds of years. As the disposable and devalued members of the society gain more and more social equality, the incentive for those who form the political body is no longer a motivation to produce goods. An example of this would be the abandonment of specific cities in the United States. The body politic has completely abandoned Detroit. The reason for this being is that the majority of the people who live in Detroit are disposable. This is the perception toward African Americans and Native Americans.
A There were two potential results for the workers in the treadmill. The majority experienced decrease in salaries and employment opportunities. This treadmill is designated as the inferior road to production. A component of this activity was decimating the abilities of the workers to form unions by means of job extortion. A substantial component of this activity was performed in the closure of the United States manufacturing faculties and going into the Southern hemisphere. In the Southern hemisphere, the price of labor is less expensive, and there are other victims that can be exploited. This exploitation may take place in the global south due to the economic disparity of the rich and the poor. As the manufacturing class discovered the opportunities with the maquiladoras in Mexico, the indexes on the returns of their investment increased substantially. The employees in the United States started to seek desperately for new investment sources and opportunities. The employees in the nations of the southern hemisphere accepted this employment as the employment seemed to improve their living conditions (Gould 298).
B The history of corn teaches that the possibility for elevated environmental damage which can be caused by eradicating the protections afforded by the environment cause a production of economic volatility. Notwithstanding, there is minute class of employees that have undergone this process an as an elevated path to development. This perspective is attributed to the premise that the careers, skills and wages of the employees were increased by their inclusion into the novel technological and physical matrices. This inclusion did not only incorporate the employees engaged in the novel form of development; it included other workers who became involved in the fields of customer service, financial evaluation and marketing. Recently, the elevated path has become more and more vulnerable to the central logical of the treadmills. Considering the middle- level administrators and the professionals who were highly skilled, the pressures to augment productivity by diminishing expenses are pervasive concepts (Gould 299).
The treadmill model is demonstrative of the models of social imbalances, conflict and power as being integral components of the social systems influences on the surroundings. A number of scholars simply perceived that the environmental concerns should be surveyed. The treadmill hypothesis presented an actual evaluation of the people´s consideration with regards to their environment and the actions that influence their social institutions (Gould 299).
3. The myth or progress deters many members of the general public from participating in the science and technology decision- making process due to the attribute that the social structural factors, constructivist characteristics and the group political system. These are some of the factors that exclude members of the general public from participating in science and technology based decisions (Martin and Edwards 510).
A. The best approaches to getting more of the public involved in the decision- making processes with regards to science and technology is to apply debate and integrated approaches. The integrated approaches would enable a more concise comprehension of the technical and the scientific disputes (Martin and Edwards 524).
Works Cited
Martin, Brian and Evellen Richards. ¨Scientific knowledge, controversy, and public decision-making. ¨ (pp. 506- 526). In Sheila Jasonnoff, et al. (eds.), Handbook of science and technology studies. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE, 1995. Print.
Pellow, David Naguib. ¨The State and Policy: Imperialism, Exclusion and ecological violence as state policy.¨ (pp. 47- 59). Kenneth Gould and Tammy Lewis (eds.), Twenty lessons in environmental sociology. New York: Oxford University press, 2009. Print.
Gould, Kenneth, David Pellow and Allan Schnaiberg. ¨Interrogating the treadmill of production: everything you wanted to know about the treadmill but were afraid to ask¨ Organizational Environment 17.3(2004): 296- 316.
