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The most comprehensive definition of a UFO researcher gave the unknown Joseph Allen Hynek, "the perception of an object or light, visible in the sky or space or above the earth's surface, the phenomenon of the ghost, the trajectory, the overall dynamics and the nature of the luminescence which is not logical, conventional explanation is a mystery, not only for witnesses, but remains unexplained even after a close examination of all available evidence specialists capable, if possible, identify the phenomenon from the point of view of common sense. "
In other words, if a message appears on the observation of the ground of a strange phenomenon, the case has not been identified with any known science, meteorological or astronomical phenomenon, and not found evidence of falsification, then we say that we are talking about an unidentified flying object, an UFO. If the explanation of the phenomenon is found, then one speaks of Identified Flying Objects (IFO). Most of the flying objects yet be explained and becomes IFO. From all reports of unidentified flying objects obscure are only 5-10%. Some objects remain unidentified simply because of a lack of information about them.
The first case of the official assumption extraterrestrial origin of UFOs current state figure was the highest-ranking official request to the UN General Assembly in 1979, Prime Minister of Grenada.
While supporters of the extraterrestrial origin of UFOs observed is only a small part of scholars, The official scientific community of the world has a broad program of Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence SETI, which suggests that the discovery of extraterrestrial intelligence in studies of the manifestations of technical means in deep space. With the development of computer technology and the Internet in the program was conducted distributed processing on thousands of ordinary users' computers.
In popular culture under the UFO often means unidentified flying object, the appearance of which is associated with a visit to Earth of intelligent beings. Many people, including officials and scientists are skeptical of the ability of these visits and are convinced (or, according to ufologists pretend to believe) that the UFO phenomenon is anomalous natural phenomenon. On the contrary, some former officials, military and astronauts (including lunar astronaut Edgar Mitchell), after leaving the service become public supporters of extraterrestrial origin of UFOs.
Eyewitnesses and the declassification of UFO
Many reports of UFO sightings are not accurate, they can not be specified the exact date, place, object characteristics. Obtain the witness as much information about the incident is a challenge to ufologist. Ufologists least appreciate the testimony of single witness, not supported by any testimony of other witnesses, no pictures. Ufologists recommend in case of UFO sightings, if possible, above all to draw attention to other people and UFO photograph it, remember its location. The most reliable are indications of pilots and scientists.
When dealing with UFOs and after placing individuals burns , they may suffer from nausea , headaches. In a particularly close contacts (see " Classification of contacts with UFOs ") from the witnesses with their words appeared depressed, disturbed orientation in space, there is an increased excitability .
Best known in the community have received (including in a number of books and films) are the UFO phenomenon , such as:
Roswell Incident , 1947
Washington carousel, 1952
In mid- May 2008 the British government allowed access to classified materials about " alien encounters " from 1978 to 1987 . The documents contain eyewitness accounts of " alien encounters ", but credible evidence that there is no evidence . In addition , the most interesting part of these documents are almost always shaded, often turn out to touch a whole paragraphs and see what's hidden under a filled text untrained person is difficult. In the future, have been partially declassified new batch of documents , including the case of combat exposure .
In France, the National Space Agency issued a similar materials online . Among them, police reports , photographs , eyewitness accounts by which scientists try to explain the origin of mysterious objects in the sky.
Closed formerly China , gather and process information by military and scientific structures for the first time officially released video of a UFO in 1987 , in December 2008 .
Proceedings of the UFO made public in 2010, Brazil and New Zealand .
In early April 2011 declassified FBI documents on the so -called Roswell incident . According to information posted on the website the FBI in 1947 in New Mexico were found three so -called flying saucers . They have a circular shape with a raised center , about 15.25 m in diameter. In each of them there were three bodies at a height of about 90 cm According to some reports , this document - well known fake.
Although the first material on UFOs in the official Soviet press there in 1977-1978 , made public such information was only allowed from the time of the public. At that time and in post-Soviet democracy on Russian officials formally evaluated numerous published facts UFO phenomena is not allowed. Recently, however, began to appear more and more evidence that the military is actively studied and collected information about UFOs . For example, in the 70- ies of the last century, the military units were sent to a secret directive of the General Staff on the collection of evidence for UFO sightings .
Hypotheses of Origin of UFO
The following hypotheses about the origin of UFOs:
- The Extraterrestrial Hypothesis - the most common hypothesis, declaring UFO alien spacecraft. Most ufologists only consider this hypothesis.
- The Natural Explanation Hypothesis or Null Hypothesis - based on the fact that all cases of unexplained , UFO reports , if not a hoax , that arise from the observation of phenomena already known , described and studied by modern science : meteors flying birds , marsh burning gas. Ufologists who hold this view, sometimes called “skeptics”. The best-known ufologists, " skeptics " are Edward Condon, Philip Klass and Donald Menzel . There is also a suggestion of some scholars that many UFO - is a fireball.
- Psychosocial hypothesis origin of UFOs - we know that even C.G. Jung saw UFO reports as a modern myth, he pointed out a possible connection between the disk-like shape of a "flying saucer" and " mandala " - an occult symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism , embodying integrity , completeness [ 25]. Great interest UFOs in the second half of the XX century Jung explained the human desire for harmony in troubled times . In Soviet literature, such as this explanation of the UFO phenomenon enjoyed a certain popularity .
- Version of anthropogenic origin of UFOs - the assumption that UFOs are flying machines , man-made , the existence of which is hidden by them owning groups ( military , government, private corporations ) or the groups themselves are secret .
- Ultra terrestrial hypothesis offer a terrestrial origin of UFOs ( ufologist John Keel called " UFO considered in terrestrial framework , that is, to think of them as their closest neighbors , from which only a fence separates you " ), some develop the idea that the "flying saucer" run civilizations living on Earth in parallel human , or that UFOs are unknown creatures living on Earth is .
- Live version of UFO
- The hypothesis of a UFO in parallel worlds
- Hypotheses about UFOs travel through time
- Supernatural (mystical) UFO hypothesis of the origin - were in demand throughout the history of mankind, but in the XX century were much less popular than, for example, the version of the extraterrestrial origin of UFOs, but with 1970 . Observed some of their heyday.
- Hypotheses about the nature of UFOs from the point of view of the Orthodox branch of the Christian religion - in his speech Russian Patriarch Kirill said that the essence of the nature of UFOs - the machinations of the devil and UFOs are nothing more than demons , which one sees in such a way as balls , discs , etc. Confirm their assertion with the argument that in the Middle Ages, people saw demons in one guise, and with the growth of technology and the development of science demons and devils are trying to take shape, the most human-readable and "logically explainable” from a technical point of view.
The Views of Experts
In the 1950s, the British government is serious about the threat from aliens. More than a half-century of observation of a UFO found no evidence of the presence of an extraterrestrial civilization, or the threat of war on the part of Britain aliens. In 2010, a special unit dealing with the study of UFO material was disbanded.
According to British military intelligence all the "flying saucer" fall under one of four possible explanations, such as:
- astronomical or meteorological phenomenon;
- mistaken identification of modern aircraft;
- optical illusion or hallucination psychological;
- deliberate fraud.
Sources
Thomas E. Bullard, "UFOs: Lost in the Myths", pages 141–191 in "UFOs, the Military, and the Early Cold War Era", pages 82–121 in "UFOs and Abductions: Challenging the Borders of Knowledge" David M. Jacobs, editor; 2000, University Press of Kansas, ISBN 0-7006-1032-4
Friedman, Stanton T. (2008). Flying Saucers and Science: A Scientist Investigates the Mysteries of UFOs. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books. ISBN 978-1-60163-011-7. LCCN 2008006291. OCLC 179812690.
Hall, Richard H. The UFO Evidence: A Thirty-Year Report. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8108-3881-8. Another exhaustive case study, more recent UFO reports.
Hendry, Allan (1979). The UFO Handbook: A Guide to Investigating, Evaluating, and Reporting UFO Sightings. Foreword by J. Allen Hynek (1st ed.). Garden City, NY: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-14348-6. LCCN 78008211. OCLC 4642190. Skeptical but balanced analysis of 1300 CUFOS UFO cases.
