In the Carnegie Mellon studies described in Video Connections, study participants carried palm pilots which asked them to periodically ____.
1. report their emotions
2. observe the behaviors of others
3. report their physical activities
4. all of the above
1. antigens.
2. antileukocytes.
3. transplant removal enzyme
4. antibodies.
Who would agree with the following statement, "Ignorance is bliss?"
1. those with high self-efficacy
2. internals
3. externals
4. none of the above
Which of the following are the components of Ellis's approach (in the correct order)?
1. activating event, consequence, belief
2. activating event, belief, consequence
3. belief, activating event, consequence
4. belief, consequence, activating event
The first step for changing irrational thought patterns is
1. self-examination to develop awareness.
2. rewarding yourself for recognition of irrational thoughts
3. preparation of opposing thoughts.
4. evaluation of the accuracy of the thoughts.
Connie is overweight, has high serum cholesterol and hypertension. She is likely to experience ____.
1. a long life
2. HIV
3. none of the above
4. a heart attack
Gender differences in response to stress are thought to be related to ____.
1. blood
2. steroids
3. neurotransmitters
4. Hormones
The immune system combats disease
1. by having leukocytes destroy foreign agents and unhealthy cells.
2. by having antibodies attach themselves to foreign substances, deactivating them.
3. when inflammation occurs.
4. all of the above
Mark sees an attacker approaching him with a knife. During his reaction, he experiences increased energy and a faster heart rate. This is caused most directly by
1. adrenaline and noradrenaline.
2. cortisol.
3. CRH and ACTH.
4. corticosteroids
Regarding stress responses, males tend to ____ whereas females tend to ____.
1. withdraw; tend and befriend
2. tend and befriend; withdraw
3. escape to freedom; face the action
4. face the action; escape to freedom
Confidence in one's own ability to deal with a situation, which helps one to withstand stress, is called
1. self-efficacy expectations.
2. power thinking
3. personality type.
4. psychological hardiness.
Which of the following most closely matches Type A beliefs?
1. Impatience and irritation contribute to failure.
2. Life is not predictable, so why worry?
3. Type A individuals can change their behaviors.
4. Type A individuals need to be perfect.
Candice has tension headaches. Which of the following is a true statement about tension headaches?
1. They are not associated with feelings of pressure.
2. They consist of dull, steady pain
3. They are preceded by an aura.
4. They usually come on quickly.
A person who does not want to know about an upcoming medical procedure because they would rather let the doctor cope with the situation, is likely exhibiting ____ locus of control.
1. passive
2. internal
3. active
4. External
"A merry heart doeth good like a medicine," is supported by research which shows a sense of humor can
1. boost immune system functioning.
2. alleviate pain.
3. help individuals cope with stress.
4. all of the above
Denise believes that she can affect desired changes in her life. When faced with a fear-inducing object, she will have relatively ____ in her bloodstream.
1. lower levels of adrenaline but higher levels of noradrenaline.
2. higher levels of adrenaline but lower levels of noradrenaline.
3. higher levels of adrenaline and higher levels of noradrenaline
4. lower levels of adrenaline and lower levels of noradrenaline.
Irrational events can create or compound stress by
1. making negative events more aversive.
2. causing stressed individuals to catastrophize the negative events.
3. both a & b.
4. none of the above.
Body language is important in social perception because it
1. can regulate social interactions.
2. helps us express our feelings.
3. can be used to deceive others about our feelings.
4. all of the above
You met your supervisor for the first time yesterday. You were glad that you remembered to smile as you answered her questions. You wanted your supervisor to like you and form a
1. polarization.
2. positive first impression.
3. none of the above
4. cognitive dissonance.
Vasily participated in a replication of Milgram's original obedience experiment. Like the other "teachers" in the Milgram experiments, as Vasily became more emotionally aroused, his emotions interfered with clear thinking. When this happened, the ____ factor tended to increase the likelihood of obedience.
1. inaccessibility of values
2. buffer
3. perception of legitimate authority
4. lack of social comparison
A member of a jury disagrees with the other members. A key factor in encouraging this individual to "stick to his guns" in the face of majority opinion is
1. finding a group whose size is greater than 18 members.
2. the desire to be liked by other members of the group.
3. finding just one other person who supports his minority opinion.
4. none of the above
Yevhen is standing in line at school. When he isn't looking, another boy steps on his toe. Yevhen says to himself: "He must have stepped on my toe because it's so crowded in here and somebody else pushed this guy; it was probably an accident." Yevhen is making a ____ attribution.
1. fundamental
2. motivational
3. situational
4. dispositional
Which of the following utilizes the central route to attitude change?
1. a commercial for a lawnmower emphasizing its power and various cutting abilities.
2. an ad showing a young woman in a swimsuit riding a lawnmower and waving to someone.
3. a commercial showing several good-looking, well-dressed people having a good time around a car.
4. all of the above
During the Civil War, members of the North and South probably judged the opposition as
1. equally aggressive as themselves.
2. equal victims in a tragedy
3. vicious killers who wanted to steal their homes.
4. the victims.
The researcher who conducted a classic experiment on the primacy effect was
1. Seligman.
2. Luchins.
3. Solomon.
4. Milgram
When you get up in the morning and think about your job that you dislike, you would really prefer to stay in bed so you call in sick. This shows how ____ can affect behavior.
1. schemes
2. concepts
3. polarization
4. attitudes
The subfield of psychology that studies attitudes, social perceptions, interpersonal attraction, social influence and group behavior is known as
1. neuropsychology.
2. sociocultural psychology.
3. social psychology.
4. environmental psychology.
Adriana is interested in persuading her customer to buy an expensive car. She would not want him to evaluate his situation carefully. Consequently, she should
1. attempt to get him in a good mood.
2. use a two-sided argument.
3. try to put him in a bad mood.
4. a & b only
In a debate, when a politician first presents his opponent's side of the argument in an effort to refute their position, he is using the technique known as
1. triangulation.
2. opinionation
3. the opposition's opposite.
4. the two-sided argument.
A person who feels very strongly in the sanctity of human life is likely to support pro-life legislation, whereas someone who merely agrees that people have a right to live is less likely to be concerned over the legislation. This demonstrates the effect that the ____ of attitudes has on behavior.
1. conformity
2. accessibility
3. strength
4. specificity
Dasgupta and Greenwald (2001) demonstrated how attitudes towards African and European Americans could be modified by
1. having people watch movies together
2. giving lectures about getting along.
3. having research participants look at pictures of liked or disliked individuals.
4. having people work together to achieve common goals.
One theoretical perspective on altruism says that Moira, if she is like most people, is more likely to help her relatives and thus perpetuate her genetic code. This is known as the ____ point of view.
1. anthropological
2. evolutionary
3. biological
4. Anthropomorphic
The stadium is full of fans. The Pittsburgh Steelers are playing a game in their home stadium. They are likely to do their best because so many of the fans are cheering them on to victory. This is the result of
1. conformity.
2. polarization
3. social facilitation.
4. social pressure.
Advertisements that present a "doomsday" approach to getting the attention of the consumer are using which of the following techniques of persuasion?
1. selective exposure
2. selective avoidance
3. foot-in-the-door technique
4. fear appeal
