Behavior Literature Reviews Samples For Students

According to research done in 2012 by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, there are one in 88 reported cases of children with autism. Over the years, the number of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder has risen significantly. Autism Spectrum Disorder causes social, behavioral, and communication challenges. Given that autism can be described as a developmental disability, early intervention is recommended in order to counteract these challenges (Matson, 2006, p.101). It is significant to know that some of the challenges posed by autistic children can lead to delay in their growth thereby, making it hard for a child to ...

The nature versus nurture debate has been raging for decades and even today, it still elicits mixed reactions from different people. This concept presents the cosmic conflict between ethics and environmental surroundings and influences as the essential aspects that govern and determine a person’s behavioral conduct. One side proposes that at birth, the brain is a clean slate that is open to a great deal of influences, and it is these surrounding influences that govern a person’s behavioral traits. The contrasting side proposes that a person’s behavioral capabilities are encoded in the person’s DNA. This person is limited to a given ...

Ethical situations require that businesses make choices out of competing interests. It is in the best interests of businessmen to foster virtue oriented ethical mindset. The paper will explore various ethical virtues in business field. The paper proposes the argument that the development if a universal law governing business ethics is difficult. Realization of ethics thus depends on the virtues of the practitioners in the areas of businesses. Still, the paper fosters the argument that ethics is individual born, and depends mostly on how individuals respond to situations.

The exact meaning of ethics is hard to capture. What is “ ...

- Introduction

In order to understand the meaning of the consumer behavior, it is significant to outline the meaning of the consumer. Consumer is an individual or a group that is engaged in the process of selecting, purchasing and using or disposing a services, products, experiences or ideas to satisfy their desires and needs. In the marketing environment the consumer is referred as an act of purchasing and patterns of aggregate buying that involves post-purchasing and pre-purchasing activities.

Therefore, consumer behavior can be described as a process whereby a consumer directly exercises the act of acquiring, using or disposing of economic goods and services, as ...

Eric Zwingel

Valley City State University
Video games have become a large part of many peoples’ lives with ages ranging from toddlers to middle aged adults. Teachers are seeing this integration of gaming into the classroom with such things as Smartboards and Ipads to utilize the tech skills that students are developing. Unfortunately most teachers relate gaming to negative effects which are major concerns amongst most school faculties. As a future teacher, I want to know how gaming is affecting the students in a positive, negative, and social aspect. My experiences with gaming have been positive but how I view the amount of ...

Abstract

Healthcare professionals caring for preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) agree that there is a need to reduce noise in NICU as it affects neurological and behavioral development of premature infants. Healthcare professionals have embraced medical technologies and other interventions to address this issue; an aspect that has reduce neonatal and childhood mortality rate and increased survival of premature infants. Music is one of the effective intervention strategies employed in NICU, but there is a controversy about its effects on the development of preterm infants. Despite this controversy, empirical studies affirm that music enhances alert responses, growth and development, ...

Fast D. and Conry, J. (2009). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and the Criminal Justice System.

Developmental Disabilities Research Review 15: 250 – 257.

This paper examines the relationship between the long-life nervous syndrome that is found in people with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) and their participation in the criminal justice system. According to the article, the FASDs are caused by exposure to alcohol during the prenatal stage. The article provides some of the disabilities associated with people having the FASDs to include poor judgment, learning disabilities, and social ineptness. The authors argue that the foregoing disabilities make people predisposed to unfair treatment and increased involvement in ...

Abstract

Studies in mechanics have evolved to be the most fundamental tool in the innovation of new materials and advanced technology. Specifically, studies in Continuum Mechanics, has been very influential in producing materials that exhibit various desirable characteristics at the expense of size and weight. Nanotubes are a perfect example of how this study has impacted the evolution in material technology. It has been used as the basis for the explanation of these complex materials as well as provisions for their behavioral effects during machining. The wide use of nanotubes in fragile fields like technical textile supplements, truly depict the stretchy ...

Aguinis, H., & Pierce, C. A. (2008). Enhancing the relevance of organizational behavior by embracing performance management research. Journal of Organizational Behavior.
This journal is relevant in this research project because it shows the impact of organizational behavior on both the individuals and the management structures in an organization.The ways to enhance organizational performance through organizational behavior are clearly elaborated in this article. The source is also credible because the author is experienced in human resource aspects and organizational practices.
Ali, A. M., & Anis, J. (2013). WHY CEO EMOTIONAL BIASES AFFECT FIRM ASSETS SPECIFICITY CHOICE BAYESIAN NETWORK METHOD: ...

Abstract

Microscopic analysis of materials is generally complex; hence engineers always look for alternative methods of analysis, by appropriate modelling. In specific, studying the damage of materials is important in almost every discipline of science/engineering/technology. Material damage includes the beginning, advancement and fracture of materials. The most important tool so far, used to analyze this damage, is called damage mechanics which relies heavily on continuum mechanics. It encompasses useful theories for the representation, modelling, and analysis of material damage. Broadly speaking, damage mechanics utilizes state variables to show the effects of damage. For instance, the variations in stiffness, and the ...

Literature review

The relationship established between the teachers and the students in of paramount importance in the success of any learning institution (Mujis & Reynold, 2010). The teacher plays a significant role in the establishment of this productive working environment that will make the students perform in the best way. Mujis and Reynold say that efficient management of a classroom entails proper discipline, sufficient motivation of students and class preparedness among others. They say that the success of any teacher is dependent on classroom training, organization and management as they help in planning hence preventing potential problems. Strategies on arranging physical space, using good ...

Institutional Affiliation: Grand Valley State University

Introduction:
My literature review is on the concept of psychology of making and breaking habits and using incentives to get people to change their habits or start new ones. There has been a lot of study and research in the last decade over this topic. Charles Duhigg wrote one of the most revolutionizing books on this topic. The Power of Habit provided a psychological perspective on habits. The Power of Habit is one of the most powerful books ever written on habit formation and reformation. Several studies have also been undertaken to understand the effects of incentives on habit formation. ...

According to Adler (2002), the direct determinant of health in closely related to lifestyle or behavioral factors. These factors lead to about half of premature mortality and habits such as lack of physical activity, tobacco abuse and heavy consumption of alcohol. Due to the existing socioeconomic status, individual of higher learning as well as those earning high incomes are less likely to involve in these unhealthy behaviors. This is because they have better knowledge, skills and resources to improve health. Since behavioral factors are vital in the emergence of many preventable chronic diseases that are associated with obesity, it ...

Historical Overview on the Development of Learning Theories

There are several theories that describe how a person learns. These theories stem from the fact that the learning ability of one person is unique from the other. Learning is a relatively permanent modification in behavior to include the observed activity and the internal processes involved such as thinking, attitudes and emotions. Some studies also include motivation as part of the definition of the learning process. The manifestations of learning cannot be noticed immediately in the observable behavior of an individual. However, the manifestation takes place after the educational program is introduced to the person (Dunn, 2002).
The origins of ...

Systematic Review

- In my practice, I am observing an increased emphasis on infection prevention. This increased attention to infection prevention measures has been prompted by legislative changes that transferred the financial burden of healthcare-associated infections to hospitals. In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a directive denying payments to hospitals for certain conditions if they occurred during a hospital stay and had not been present on admission. The CMS was empowered to issue the directive by the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. Section 5001(c) of the act required the Secretary of Health and Human Services to identify ...

Techniques of praise

In conjunction with praising children’s behavior, there are several techniques associated with the effectiveness of giving praise to young children in the classroom. The techniques are immediacy consistency proximity, and paring praise with positive nonverbal cues. These techniques act as guidelines for effective implementation of praise.
It is imperative to note that praise can only be successful, if the praise statement i follows the desired behavior immediately (Hester, et al., 2009; Owen, Slep & Heyman, 2012). Immediate praise that highlights the accuracy of the behavior helps to keep focus on the desired behavior (Hester, et al., 2009, p. 517). ...

Introduction

Psychology pertains to the study of human behavior, reactions, personalities, or even as specific and complicated as how the brain works and functions. It can be considered both as a form of academic discipline and a branch of applied science that deals with the study of different brain functions that are related to mental processes and individual human behaviors. Studying psychology, unlike other academic disciplines, often involves unique processes such as the establishment of generally accepted principles and theories, and verifying the validity of such through research that more often than not involves verification using individual and or group cases. Just ...

Question 1

Guillam, is under stress when talking to his lover Camilla because he has been covertly stealing materials from the secret service and since he got to his lover`s apartment there have been outside like surveillance with multiple individuals passing outside the flat consecutively, which was more like they were watching him. It was the cause of his stress; he might have been thinking that he was compromised and that his acts of stealing materials have been found out. The behavior that he conveys is that he is anxious and paranoid that he is constantly in danger of being ...

Introduction

Thin films are in use since ages, and in old times people used to beat gold with hammers into thin films about less than one μm thickness and then used this thin film for gold coating of different stuffs. Thin films are used in many materials and do use them in daily life but are not aware of it. If one wax cars or paint homes that mean, they are applying a thin film.

Bulk Material VS thin film

Bulk materials are those materials that are mined. They are referred to as Bulk solid in mining and mineral industry. The material that can be stored ...

Introduction

Anger is an emotion that enrages a mind, increases the blood pressure and makes heart beat faster sending adrenaline rush into the system. Anger mainly has three components; physical reactions, the cognitive experience of anger and behavior (PBS Online, 2011). The physical reactions of anger show in increased blood pressure and heart rate, muscle tightening and 'fight or flight' response. The cognitive experience of anger makes one feel angry because of a situation making him feel wronged and threatened. Behavior is the expression of anger that includes a wide range of behavioral reactions from slamming doors to raising voice and from turning ...

Oscar Wilde's 1894 play, The Importance of Being Earnest, explores Victorian era morals with satire and humor as the main character, Jack Worthing, creates an alter-ego in order to relax from his day-to-day duties as a guardian to his friend's daughter, a land-owner and a judge. The themes of morality, the distinction between acceptable and unacceptable behavior, as well as hypocrisy, the disconnect between what Jack believes and how he acts, are central to the development of the play.
The theme of morality is introduced immediately. Jack is introduced as a highly organized and proper man who is a land-owner, guardian and justice ...

William Faulner’s ‘As I Lay Dying’ is a literature piece depicting the social interaction in a family setting. The literature piece involves the use of many symbolic applications in the unreal world and other factors from human characters. Faulkner expands his imagination beyond the human character. However, Faulkner uses each and every symbolism in the novel in relation to human character. Furthermore, characterization in the novel is based on human character that can be compared or symbolized through another non-human character. This ability ensures the continuity of the plot as the characters are developed under different archetypes.
Faulkner creates ...

Reflection Paper: Study Review, Reaction, and Extension

Reflection Paper: Study Review, Reaction, and Extension
The purpose of the study by Isen and Levin (1972) was to determine whether the positive affective state affects the subsequent helpfulness to other people. Previous researchers established that there is a significant relationship between success and helping, but subsequent studies found that the relationship between success and helping did not exist when there was no previous relationship between people or when helping was low-cost or unsolicited.
Based on those studies, researchers proposed that a positive affective state may significantly determine helpfulness. However, a positive mood state was induced by reports of success ...

Abstract

Water is the most important source of life. Survival of any living organism without water is impossible. Though a large part of the earth is constituted of water, the supply of fresh water is limited to only 3% of the total amount of water found on the earth's surface. With the demand for fresh and clean water rising across the world, it is time for us to think seriously about the importance of water conservation. There are several engineering and behavioral practices which, if adopted by us at home, industries and other spheres of work and life, can reduce the ...

Cover Letter

Dear (Instructor’s Name):
I am writing this essay to share my analysis and arguments on Mark Twain’s conflicting theories of human evolution and behavior. Through my arguments, I hope to alter whatever negative perspectives my readers keep against human behavior.
I always have the notion that literary analysis is the most challenging task in essay writing. However, I realized that interpreting the various styles of persuasion and literary compounds that Mark Twain used throughout his essay helped me to learn analytical skills in expressing my views and supporting my arguments.
During the course ...

Introduction

Polar bears are a range of bears from the family Ursidae and genus Ursus that natively lie within the boundaries of the Arctic Circle which well includes the landmasses and surrounding seas around the Arctic Ocean . Considering the native geographical location where the polar bears reside, it can be safely assumed that these creatures live in a predominantly cold weather environment . In terms of general physical features, a male adult polar bear should weight somewhere around 770 to 1,500 lbs. ; a female adult on the other hand should be somewhere around half of this size . Polar bears are a sister specie of the ...

Abstract

For many years, there has been a protracted argument about whether deviance really exists. Some people argue that deviance exists in reality, while others argue that deviance is just a term invented by some people who would like to label others as such. Whether this is true or not is neither here nor there; what we are sure about is that some behaviors can be explained better using the labeling theory. The labeling theory argues that some people become the labels that people give them, and therefore it is good to be careful with the labels that we give to others – ...

Alcoholism is both a health and social issue that needs to be regulated or treated when necessary. Although the Alcoholic Anonymous support group was founded in 1935, the issue of alcohol abuse did not capture the attention of the US government until the second half of the 20th century when they started providing funds for rigorous scientific research on the physiological and psychological mechanisms responsible for the development of the disorder (Longabaugh & Magill, 2011). Today, pharmacological research is directed towards understanding the pathophysiology of alcoholism to develop suitable treatments while psychological research aims to understand the role of external factors ...

The disorder of cocaine addiction

The disorder of cocaine addiction is one of the largest problems of our time. There are a lot of researches, which study cocaine-dependant people. It is rather interesting to study cocaine dependence from the psychological side. As far as cocaine affects human brain greatly, human mind and mentality undergo numerous changes. In this paper, we will make an attempt to analyze some materials, which cover this side of the problem. The reviewed literature focuses on behavioral patterns of cocaine-dependant people.

Cocaine abuse and addiction

Cocaine abuse is one of the greatest troubles in contemporary world. It is reported that almost 15% of American population ...

While people believe that it is the responsibility of the child to excel academically, parents always want their children to be the best in academics. They always do their best to ensure that they children’s academic needs are met without any compromise. This heavy investment calls for a strict supervision and tagging of high targets for these children. However, whenever these targets are not met, a lot of psychological and behavioral problems that may have adverse effects on the affected children. Even though parents try their best to ensure their children excel, they still face psychological and behavioral challenges among ...

Autism spectrum disorders, abbreviated ASDs refer to a group of disabilities that occur during development causing a significant communication, social and behavioral challenges. People suffering from ASDs manage information in the brain in a different way than how other people manage the information (Lord, Cook, Leventhal, & Amaral, 2000). The ASDs are classified into three different types of autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome and pervasive development disorder.
The autistic disorder is the most common and most people relate the word autism with this disorder. People having the disorder in most cases have delays in language, communication and social challenges as well as unusual ...

Introduction

Reality TV shows such as American Idol and the Bachelorette are amongst the top rated shows which attract the youth. The reason of appeal maybe accredited to the satisfaction consumers achieve by watching these shows as they relate and identify with these depictions. Marketers often use advertisements during these shows (such as the Coke can in the American Idol show) to promote their brands on a channel being highly viewed by the consumers. People engage in different behaviors when they are about to purchase a product and their consumption behavior is often affected by the advertisements, promotional deals, price, the packaging ...

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

Juvenile delinquency is said to be an antisocial behavior exhibited by minors. (Quay, 1987) In the USA, most states would consider a juvenile to be between the ages of ten and eighteen, while a few others consider up to sixteen years of age as the limit. When crimes are committed by persons under these age range, they are commonly tried as a juvenile and not as an adult, which poses much difference from normal court proceedings.
Juvenile tried cases are mediated by judges instead of the usual trial by a jury of the peers. Moreover, unlike an adult case, juveniles ...

Introduction

Many a times parents do not realize that their attitudes towards their children is affecting them seriously, which results in impulsive and irrational behavior leading to dangerous consequences. The difference in adolescent behavior can be observed but without the knowledge of the reasons as to why such behaviors are escalating, both parents and teachers are unable to solve them. Hence it is important to study the reasons of such behaviors so that we understand how these individual differences affect children and be able to manage such erupting behavior problems.
Moreover, it is important to identify children and parents who ...

The Effect of Education on Religious Behavior and Religious Attendance of Muslim in the US

Putting a distinction between indoctrination and unbiased education has been a challenge to curriculum developers in educational institutions in America. Religion and education are diverging issues but also can be incorporated but with a given amount of limitation. Issues arise as to whether curriculum in private or public educational institutions should be designed in a manner as to incorporate different religions. This poses a challenge to curriculum developers considering those both private and public educational institutional harbor individuals who confess to different religions and some who do not confess to any religion (Norris & Inglehart, 2011).
Education curriculum developers thus develop curriculums that do ...

1. Quantitative Articles

Kurtz (2002) argues that leading causative factor for teenage offending behavior is a hostile family environment. According to Kurtz (2002), parenting emerges as both a direct and indirect influence for delinquent behaviors because neglectful parenting coupled with inadequate monitoring and supervision contributes to uncouth behavior. He cites psychological interventions such as Aggression Replacement Training Program (ART), Multisystematic Therapy (MST), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as being among the best strategies for preventing juvenile delinquency (Kurtz, 2002). However, studies conducted showed that Multi-systematic therapy (MST) is the most effective based on the 60% effectiveness rate as compared to the ...

Motivational Interviewing: Literature Review

Extensive research has been executed on the subject of motivational interviewing (MI) since it was originally published as a key approach to eliciting behavioral change (Shulman, 2011). In his original designation, Miller & Rollnick (2013) described motivational interviewing as an approach that is based on the fundamental principles of experimental social psychology and the application of such principles such as cognitive dissonance, attribution, and self-efficacy. Motivational Interviewing can be defined as a client centered directive counseling style critical in eliciting behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence (Shulman, 2011). The approach, therefore, comes out as facilitative, focusing on ...

You can tell a lot about a person merely by what their appearance is telling you; these ‘channels’ of the body are what express the mind’s emotional state, and help to judge someone’s personality, and whether something is affecting their state of mind. Nonverbal behavior is an important component to forming impressions about people's personality, sociability, and mood, among other things (Ambady and Rosenthal, p. 439). When someone typically tries to figure out what someone’s emotional state may be, three determinants are used; the emotional state of the observer, the emotional state of the observed, and the information ...

One can argue that the darker side of life always fascinated John Cheever. His works explore unmasks the depression and melancholy the 60s suburban America. Ralph Wood explained that Cheever’s work is rich in sadness because of its strong sense of “the human quest for meaning and value” (paragraph 7, 1982). In his interview with Anne Grant, Cheever admitted that his stories are “metaphors of reality of life” (Paris Review, No. 62). Uniquely, John Cheever uses languages as a way of deepening into the bank of human psychology. He documents the sporadic nature of human psychology, the apprehension of failure ...

Violation of sexually acceptable behaviors is seen as being an ethical or religious problem. Sexual conformity is seen as righteousness while sexual deviance is seen as sin. According to Wolfgang John Von Goethe and Constantine David (681, ch 2), “living according to the usual sexual behavior is considered moral, proper and natural.” An unusual behavior described as being immoral, improper and unnatural. The words natural and unnatural have been especially is well liked by moralists. This is because the nature’s incantation is very effective than a plea to a mere decorum or even decency. The nature does not look like a ...

Introduction

Human beings learn through different techniques and learning through observation is one of the most important ones. The concept of learning through observation is called observational learning. Although, people of all ages use this technique to learn, children use this technique for learning very often. They observe their surroundings like a sponge and imitate the behavior of other people around them. Children's observational learning might be the motivator in their participation in community activities. This statement can be evaluated by referring to theories related to the topic. The most relevant theory is social learning theory by Albert Bandura.

Theories and research on observational learning

According to ...

Social identity refers to the behavior of a specific human being and his personal identity in relation in the social group in which he is a member (Turner 2000). Track and field refers to a sporting event whereby various activities are undertaken in one stadium. The stadium consists of a running lane and other facilities for jumping and throwing balls. Men’s performance differs when it comes to track and field. For instance, if a man runs alone rather than in relay, there is less probability of winning. In a relay, the fast runners compensate the loss made by the slow runners. It is therefore ...

Introduction:

“To kill a mockingbird” is a luminous piece of literary work by Ms. Nelle Harper Lee. The novel was written in the year of 1960 wherein author portrays her childhood memories beautifully in the novel. The theme of the novel revolves around some serious issues including racism, rape, gender, audacity, empathy and inequality in American Lower South. The characters depicted in the novel are inspired by author’s family members and neighbors. The lead character Scout Finch is inspired by her father Atticus Finch. The Novel carries lot of humor and tenderness regardless of serious issues. The work done by author ...

Autism is a behavioral disorder that affects social and communication skills of a child severely and also affects his behavior to a large extent. Experts of the area under discussion recognize autism as a condition of neural development disorder in which the system of information processing in a child’s brain is affected and he faces several behavioral disorders. Spectrum disorder is another name, used for Autism and this name has is used because symptoms of this disorder are found in a large numbers.

Studies Focus on Backward and Forward Chaining Process:

Wolery and Gast conducted a study to understand the effective process to transfer stimulus control. Authors studied about teaching autistic children and ...

Literature Review

Chairman:
Committee member:
Committee member:
Masters of Arts in Psychology
2016
Introduction
With childhood obesity on the rise, there is increasing concern about the prevention and treatment of obesity. Current national data on childhood and adolescent obesity show 16.9 percent of 2-to-19-year-old children and adolescents are obese (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). An effective intervention to manage obesity is essential. The current weight management practices involve dietary modification, behavioral change therapies involving exercise, pharmacological therapy and surgical intervention. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the current research on Motivational Interviewing (MI) as an effective method for ...

<Institution>

Abstract

In 2013, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-5) grouped all subcategories of autism-related disorders in one umbrella, and it is called autism spectrum disorder or ASD. Characterized by repetitive behaviors and communication and social skills deficits, many children from all around the world are afflicted with this disorder. Throughout the years since its discovery, researchers and mental health experts have been interested in completely understanding the nature, etiology, and possible treatments for ASD. Through continuous research efforts and studies, several perspectives have been established to explain the causes of ...

Factors that Influence Purchasing Relationship in Automobile Industry of China

Introduction
The USA, Western Europe, and Japan markets for the automobiles are almost stagnating causing an increased attention and concern to the world automotive industry. They have turned their interest in China market for cars. This is associated with the fast growing economy in China unlike that of European nations and the USA. The Chinese market for cars is indeed the turning point for all auto companies. The environment is conducive to start production in China to supply the potential markets and then export from there to other world markets. This literature will focus on the purchasing relationship in ...

The literature review of this study is a comprehensive review of Psychodynamic therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The literature will involve empirical support, description of the available treatment, theoretical aspects as well as historical perspectives of these therapies. The research concurs with the conclusion that CBT is an adequate treatment modality for minimizing symptoms and boosting functional results among the patients with psychodynamic therapy. Thus, makes it a vital framework for clinicians working with clients with psychodynamic symptomology.
The cognitive behavioral theory was developed by Aaron Beck in 1960. Currently, this theory is one of the most frequently used ...

Introduction and Literature Review Draft

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders present with various behavior challenges (Ludlow, Skelly & Rohleder, n.d.). Self-stimulatory is among the many behavior challenges with which children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder present (Cunningham & Schreibman, 2008). This behavior entails the repetitive body movements. The self-stimulatory behavior in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is related with various senses. Some of the senses highlighted by Edelson (2017) include visual senses such as hand-flapping repetitive blinking, and staring at lights.
The self-stimulatory behavior involving the auditory senses include the snapping of fingers and the tapping of the fingers. Others senses that are related ...

Introduction

It is challenging to fathom exactly what drives people towards accomplishment in life, but there are some reasons to believe that both external and internal forces play significance roles in motivation. “Motivation is the particular word commonly used to describe the situation of self-determination” (Deci & Ryan, 2014). The theory of motivation developed by Deci and Ryan (2014), suggest that individuals are necessarily driven by the need to grow to gain personal fulfillment. However, where does that motivation stems from? Deci and Ryan (2014) explain that “self-determination influences people towards accomplishing such tasks." First, people's activities and efforts are usually ...

While caring for children with DD (developmental disabilities) can in some ways be rewarding (Benson, 2010, p. 218), it can also be extremely stressful. For both parents and professional caregivers, stress is a very common part of dealing with children with ID (intellectual disabilities) or ASD (autism spectrum disorders) (Mills & Rose, 2011, p. 846). One consequence of this kind of stress is a possibility of caregiver burnout. The following paper will examine the concept of "mindfulness" as it can be applied to professional and parental care for children with DD. A number of different research studies will be considered, ...

Abstract

Profound education is the basis for the successful career development and personal growth of any individual. Many scholars are trying to give an answer to the question of what makes the learning process more effective. Different aspects of learning theory provide answers to some of these questions. Theories of learning can be grouped into following three categories: behaviorist learning theories, cognitivist learning theories, and constructivist learning theories. Many researchers pay much attention to the process of scaffolding that is actively discussed as a significant element of learning process. The researcher Albert Bandura has devoted a number of his scientific ...

Introduction

Aggression is hostile behavior aimed at causing physical or psychological harm. Aggression can be indirect or direct, verbal or physical and active or passive.
There are several social factors that cause aggression. These factors include media violence, Stereotype and social identity, threat Collective narcissism, Status, competition and mating motives personal characteristics, cultural factors direct provocation and frustration among others.

When an individual watches media, observational learning takes place. This brings the indication that excessive exposure to media violence increases probability of any individual to behave aggressively. (Barbara etal, 2010). Metaanalysis and reviews have indicated that this effect is ...

Heart failure’s context exemplifies the important role played by nurses in addressing social and health care challenges that confront aging populations. Heart failure (HF) is a common phenomenon throughout the world. Over two million patients in Japan, five million individuals in the US, and six million patients in Europe suffer from HF (Boisvert et al., 2015). Moreover, nearly one million people are diagnosed with the disease every year globally. The illness is further associated with an increase in the prevalence of various comorbidities and chronic conditions. Accordingly, cases of HF are complex and include an elevated risk of ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Organizations from around the world are working on improving the qualities and capabilities of leaders and managers, and developing new leaders. Moreover, a large number of executives and officials consider leadership development as an important priority not only in the present world but also in the future. Nearly, two-thirds of 500 executives showed leadership development as their top most concern (Gurdjian, Halbeisen, & Lane, 2014). This is due to the fact that organizations can’t flourish with average leaders. Whereas, an exceptional leader can deal effectively with employee commitment, productivity, customer satisfaction, and profitability and these things ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Trauma / children trauma of separation
Trauma refers to an emotional shock or wound often having long-lasting effects. This shock or wound could be caused by any accident, violence, or other such incidents, especially in the childhood, when a child feels completely helpless (Kaduson & Schaefer, 2012). Usually, trauma in the childhood is of great impact as the child is unable to use ordinary coping and defensive processes while facing any intolerable danger, anxiety, or instinctual arousal. These situations have such an overwhelming nature that they may result in an everlasting kind of impact on the mind ...

The world of video games has million adherents and almost the same number antagonists. The children all over the world are attracted for hours before the screens where their favorite virtual heroes are jumping, fighting, farming, space ships confronting, etc. whatever one can think about. The question of the effect of violent games on kids’ brains and later on their aggression and criminal behavior is bothering parents, scientists, pedagogues, and all people who are engaged with children’s and juveniles’ behavior.
Many people who by profession deal with this group of the society notice that something is happening, something ...

High quality relationships are very important for young people and since they play a great valuable role in their academic and social lives. According to Diego and Sanders (2002) stable and solid friendships can lead to success at school. Having a great connectivity and special relationships can be a great formidable source of greater higher academic motivation, achievement and engagement. Having Creating good satisfactory relationships is important for in order to enjoy a normal and healthy human functioning. Relationships are a great source of happiness, meaning and support. and Wwithout a doubt, the loss of a friendship can be ...

Abstract

This paper presents a literature review on the effects of autism in early childhood development. Autism is a brain development disorder that has extremely debilitating effects on communicative and social development. Children suffering from autism exhibit different development patterns from their peers and develop at a much lower pace. They face considerable difficulties in understanding the feelings of others, as well as in interacting. These challenges can have adverse impacts on how they learn and develop. The symptoms of autism are varied and heterogeneous but involve repetitive behaviors, deficits in social relatedness and the presence of limited interests. The ...

Abstract

Rising rates of recidivism in the United States have developed concerns pertaining to the effectiveness of prisons as correctional facilities. In this study, the focus is to assess the suitability of faith-based correctional methods in promoting inmates reentry into the society. Some discussed methods include Inner change programs, prison chaplaincy, and meditational strategies. Several studies have indicated significant declines in recidivism rates among inmates who participated in these initiates. For example, Duwe & Johnson (2013) found that inmates who engaged in Inner change programs in Minnesota were less likely to be arrested by at least 8% compared to their counterparts ...