Board Literature Reviews Samples For Students

LITERATURE REVIEW

Although the concept of corporate governance has been in practice for several decades, it gained worldwide popularity and significance since the collapse of a number of corporate giants and bank chains in the United States in the early 2000s. The idea of corporate governance is the major factor that links stakeholder interests with the objectives of the organization. As Solms and Solms point out, corporate governance could be defined as “the set of processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled” (Solms & Solms, 2008, p.2). In the current business context, shareholders, ...

Abstract

The quality of financial reporting by various companies affects the economy of the country in more ways than one. Apart from the economy of the country, the quality of audit and financial reporting affects the operation of the company as well. Effective disclosure and transparent finical reporting provide a necessary condition to maintain and assure the confidence of the stakeholders. This study seeks to investigate the relationship that exists between the type of corporate governance and the quality of audit among listed companies in Australia's Petroleum and Mining industry. It presents a review of previous and existing literature concerning ...

Literature review

Introduction
Corporate governance, the system used in the administration and control of corporate bodies has undergone a history of evolution to the point which it is today. In the last two decades, the advancement in technology have also seen a drastic change in corporate governance where the distinction between ownership and management has become more and more blurred and directors and management are usually now part owners of the firms that they work for. Ideally, corporate governance is a system which involves the establishment of a system of the management and control of companies through complex mechanisms of regulatory frameworks and money ...

Similarities and Differences of Two Articles

Similarities
The studies written by Aljifri and Moustafa (2007, pp. 71-93), and Stanwick and Stanwick (2010, pp. 35-41) have striking similarities. Both studies have comparable general objectives, in that both focused on determining corporate governance in its impact on the performance of firms. Both studies, being empirical in nature, focused not on single firms, but on their specific markets. Aljifri and Moustafa (2007, p. 72) focused on the case of the firms in UAE, while Stanwick and Stanwick (2010, p. 36-37) studied firms in Canada. Furthermore, both Aljifri and Moustafa (2007, pp. 72-73) ...

1. Historical evolution of Mumbai
Mumbai has a long history of evolution that spans for 1000 years. In 1343 the cluster of seven islands was controlled by the Sultanate of Gujarat, and later in 1534 following Portugal invasion, the area was converted into a trading center (The British Library Board). The Portuguese coined the term Bom Bahia, meaning ‘the good bay’, and developed dwelling units, factories as well as ship building yards in the Island cluster, which later became known as Bombay (The British Library Board). With the establishment of East India Company, the British ousted Portuguese, and used ...

Abstract

As the majority of the people are becoming more aware of the adverse effects of petroleum-based products consumption and of the continued diminishing of natural fuel oil reserves all over the world, the search for more environmentally friendly and renewable substitute is becoming the focus of many studies. Such substitute products include the soybean-based adhesives, and soybean-based adhesive bonded wood composites and particle boards. In this study, a “literature review” was conducted in order to identify the many issues associated with the search for a replacement for petroleum-based adhesives. Accordingly, the issues identified are (1) environmental friendliness, such as the biodegradability ...

Literature

In Chapter 3, George, in Ninety Percent of Everything, writes about the life of seafarers from the 1900s to the present. In bringing to life the world of the seafarers of the 1900s, George writes that there was so much at stake before the advent of technology. Who would have thought that life at sea could have been so tough, when all people do, is talk about the adventure and pleasure of travel that is associated with it. This, she says, is far from true. Carrying cargo from one corner of the earth to the other involved a lot of ...

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Airport Development
2.2.1 Airport History
The history of the development of airports worldwide dates back to the late 1800s with the first ever professionally functional airport according to NYC Aviation (2012) was developed in the outskirts of Paris dubbed Port Aviation. This fact is however indispute since other factions lay claims to being the world’s first or oldest airport. For instance according to Prince George’s Department of Parks and Recreation (2010) College Park Airport in Maryland is the oldest airport that is functional to this day having been established in 1909 ...

Acknowledgement

Chapter 1
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Statement of Purpose
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms:
Chapter 11
History of pay inequality
Chapter 111
Laws
Chapter 1V
Women in leadership roles
Chapter V
Research Methodology
Conclusion

Bibliography

Abstract
Gender Differences as a Predictor of Salaries in Leadership Roles.
Salaries have increased drastically in the past 50 years but still there is a salary disparity between men and women. In today’s workplace, leadership roles are very competitive. Applicants must have many qualifications to be considered for leadership positions. Workforce found that women needed a Ph.D. to equal the ...

Literature review

Essentially information is always intended to reach a large audience presented by the assorted mass media platforms such as print media, broadcast media and outdoor media. This enables us to identify with the notion that there are both negative and positive impacts of the mass media to our lives. In particular, this particular paper will focus on how mass media has affected teen girls in our modern day society (Gullotta, et.al, 2005). Mass media has since developed in the contemporary times making its impacts more apparent that never before. Arguably, though mass media affects all of us in the same ...

Abstract

The first article majorly focuses on the factors that lead to the lengthening of the duration of the civil war between the government and the rebel protagonists. Many factors are taken into account. This paper is based on the religious and spiritual factors that influence the decision making of a legislator. It majorly emphasizes on the facts that the religious belief of the legislator, the religious credence of the citizens and the spiritual views of the board of the legislator mainly influence the decision making regarding the state. It also focuses on the transition towards democracy, its sustainability and importance ...

According to the advisory board company (2014), there are nursing practices that are always based on tradition rather than evidence-based practice despite the urge for the nurses to incorporate the updated research into their practices. Less than 15% of clinicians from the larger clinician fraternity are the only personnel believed to be using evidence-based guidelines, and this is because it takes a lot of time to for research to get its way into routine clinical practice (the advisory board company, 2014).
One of the frequent interventions carried out by nurses and is not evidence-based in most cases is “promoting ...

“Effectiveness of Social Media Performance Metrics in the Attraction and Retention of Customers.”

CHAPTER ONE
Problem Statement
Social media has emerged as a contemporary platform of communication which has revolutionized the way people communicate with one another by creating a seamless network through which social media users can engage and interact with one another across the world (Marshall, 200, pg.20). The effectiveness and ease of use of these platforms has subsequently resulted in the emergence and mass subscription to these pages by millions of users across the world since they were first created over the last ten years (Sponder, 2011, pg67).
These social media websites include Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Pintrest and Snapchat ...

Introduction

This paper is a review of a research conducted by Julia Casson whereby she seeks to review the ethical factors of corporate governance and the guidance in relation of EU stipulations. The review will focus on the various methodological and result-oriented aspects of the research in order to identify the fundamental issues raised by the author.

Review

Evidently, the research has three distinct and important objectives which it sets to accomplish in the process of research. First, the research seeks to review the ethical issues revolving around the policies corporate governance, the corporate framework of the European Union and the policies if ...

Literature review: Poem “The Final Hour” by Yevgeniy Yevtushenko

The first thought after reading the poem is a doubt. Will there really be an end and liberation? Is there really anything out there greater than every day routine, and is there really anything beyond just striving to survive in everyday world? The struggle for resources that are becoming more and more scarce and the rat-race everyone has to participate in trying to catch up to today’s world pace is voiding a human of anything for the soul. In fact to the point that the human is not a soul, but a mere number, an account, an employee, a customer, and as a poet ...

Literature Review: Principle of Equivalence

List of References: 12
Literature Review
Principle of Equivalence
Background
Usually, whenever a property is purchased or acquired from a willing or non-willing seller, it is expected that a fair compensation is given to those whose interests are deprived. However, it may be difficult to determine what a fair compensation constitutes. In some cases claimants may receive more or less compensation compared to the value of their property. In other instances, the monetary sum provided may be a huge sum, but it may not cover non-quantifiable losses such as psychological and social implications. As experience has shown, there are ...

After a massive methane gas leak, Governor of California, Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency on Wednesday, January sixth, 2016. The methane leak had taken place near the Porter Ranch that neighbors the North West part of California. The governor cited the reason that the government was not protecting the safety and health of the public by letting the gas flow to the atmosphere for more than eleven weeks, and he wanted the California Gas Company to be accounted for all the violations and costs.
According to an official coming from the California Air Resources Board, the leak ...

2. Literature Review and Hypothesis Development

P1. The Global financial crisis of 2008

Severe distresses within some financial markets during 2007/08 resulted in international financial crisis following Lehman Brothers filing for the chapter 11 on 15th September 2008. As an end result, the globe has in recent times experienced the most horrible economic performance ever since the 2nd World War. This crisis emanated from the American market for the housing. The house prices were highest in the year 2006 and subsequently dropped beyond 30 %. This happens to be the greatest decline ever since 1930s on a national level across the US. The household debt increased drastically ...

Introduction: According to Thaden and Alyssa (2008), “human error is the main cause of flight accidents in complex systems. Therefore since errors are inevitable in the commercial airline industry, it is doubtful to assure safety on the air.” On the other hand, Mangla and Haress (2011) claim that - “air travel is the safest mode in the history of aviation.” Whose statement is reliable between them? In aviation, it is true that human error leads to accidents in the sky, but it is also true that for every accident that happens on the air, the airline company reviews their ...

Governments’ ability to identify, finance, and provide desirable medical services is under increasing pressure from aging populations, consumer expectations, and escalating health-related technological costs. In the US, health expenditure is nearly sixteen percent of the GDP with bureaucracy consuming about thirty-one percent of the expense (Gorman, 2008). In addition, up to forty-five million Americans lack adequate access to quality healthcare. However, the principle obstacle facing the healthcare system is the shortage of well-educated medical doctors who are adequately prepared to handle the various challenges encountered in the profession (Gorman, 2008). Thus, improvements in the education and certification of doctors ...

Abstract:

As a society we are constantly connected to our technology, as it touches most aspects of our daily lives. People are using new forms of technology to “envision and create new things in new ways, learn new things in new ways, and communicate in new ways with new people.”(Groff, Haas, Klopfer, and Osterweil, 2009) Smartphones and tablets have replaced the traditional learning methods once undisputable in schools with their efficiency and capabilities; their useful applications and visual stimuli. Though the real-world applications are applicable to everyone in the educational system, especially to students with behavioural disorders. We need to ...

Abstract

The analysis of literature review of this research was on the effects of tanning beds to the skin, a topic that is getting news rating because it bans the use of tanning beds in younger populations according to the current Louisiana’s new legislation. This study is predestined to review the augment that artificial tanning, as a comparative background of the skin has impacts.
According to Demko, et. al., 2003, the risks of skin cancer claims, have been brought on board, concerning tanning beds being behind the increased cancer risk, though, through the research conducted, there is support and opposition ...

Introduction

Corporate governance has picked up a much higher profile in the recent two decades. This has been attributed to the rise of different corporate embarrassments and collapses. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is presently becoming a part of standard corporate governance because of the fact that an organization can't – in the long-run – work in seclusion from the more extensive social order in which it works (Mallin, Chris A. 2013). This view is supported by Sir Adrian Cadbury: 'The broadest method for categorizing corporate governance is to say that the proceeded presence of organizations is dependent upon an inferred knowledge between business and ...

2 Parts Discussion Board
2 Parts Discussion Board
The social inequalities and injustice were common across North America and such discriminations instigated the feminists to defy subjugation and fight for equality. Social change efforts have been met with significant barriers across the years, and yet women’s movement has been successful to varying degrees since it emerged (Bromley 2012, p.132). I believe that economic system also contributed towards women’s liberation; however according to (Firestone 1970, p.22) reproduction of human species was an important economic system distinct means of production and he observed that labor was divided ...

Introduction

The Australian construction industry has been for the past few years encountered many challenges starting from the economic restrictions construction industry. Many construction companies that aim at flourishing in this industry have claimed to encounter a similar problem through inefficiency. Inefficiency has been noted in all areas of the company’s activities that vary from inefficiency in business processes, supply chain, communication channels. All these forms of inefficiency incur huge costs on the Australian construction companies. Achieving efficiency remains one of the major goals of the Australian companies in that the most efficient companies receive huge benefits. Efficiency within a company ...

Question 1:

The civil rights era was an era that goes down in America’s history as the stepping stone for equality. It was characterized by events that were and are still celebrated as US’ most important stepping stones to full democracy. One of Martin Luther King’s most famous speeches, I Have a Dream, he gives some of the hopes that he desires to see. He describes his desire to see black people, referred to as “sons of former slaves”, living in harmony with the whites referred to as “the sons former slave owners” (James, 2004).
The Civil Rights Movement ...

Discrepancy Index and treatment time

Introduction
During the past many decades, considerable efforts have been made to develop reliable and standardized measurement tools in orthodontics. Quantitative indices like the peer assessment rating (PAR) and the objective grading system (OGS) have been successfully used so far to assess outcomes of an orthodontic treatment, but these are limited to occlusal aspects only (Cangialosi, 2004).

ABO’s DI

The American Board of Orthodontics’ (ABO’s) main goal is clinical excellence as it aims to deliver high quality orthodontics. With this goal in mind, it has devised a tool, the Discrepancy Index (DI) with an intention of providing an objective evaluation ...

3. Why does Teo break protocol and visit Dhavir? What is motivating her to see the donor? What does she and he gain by meeting? Why does the Ministry of Health want to keep them apart? What are the risks of their meeting?
Teo had a singular goal which was to meet her organ donor. Even though this was against protocol and despite her numerous attempts of finding the identity of the organ donor, which was met with great resistance by the authorities, there was ‘never the question of abandoning the effort’. This relentless determination to meet her organ ...

One thing that the gentry have, which the pirates don’t, is a strong sense of duty “to king, country, professional ethics, and moral principle.” Point out instances in Treasure Island where members of the gentry do their duty, even though it appears to handicap them in their conflict with the pirates. Does their devotion to duty in fact cost the gentry something, strategically? Or does it turn out to be an advantage over the undutiful pirates?
This is an interesting and complex question. There are moments, episodes in the novel, where the devotion to duty shown by the gentry ...