Counseling Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Multicultural and Diversity Aspects of Empowerment Counseling

The realization that the demographics of the United States of America will be made up of a considerably large number of ethnic groups who have been considered minorities before has raised the importance of multicultural and diversity training among counselors dealing with mental health (National Association Of Social Workers, 2001). According to Nassar-McMillian & Niles (2010) empowerment counseling focuses on enhancing clients self esteem, decision making skills, and developing his or her social, life, and health skills. This literature review will provide insight into multicultural and diversity aspects of empowerment counseling. The focus of the literature will be why it is ...

COUN503: Introduction to Research

Abstract
Behavioral and psychological problems are common during the adolescent years. Improving self-esteem to healthy levels will minimize or eliminate these issues. It is also shown to have a positive impact on physical health as well. Having high self-esteem has been given a tremendous about of attention lately, and seen as a way to mitigate a variety of social ills. Adolescents with higher self-esteem are proved to do better in school, avoid drug abuse, and have successful social interactions. That is why studies on the influence of self-esteem on the adolescents’ life are not rare. Assessment of self-esteem is required in order ...

Christian Faith and Career Counselling

Career Counselling: A Holistic Approach
Vernon G. Zunker's book, ‘Career Counselling: A Holistic Approach' is a good resource book for career counseling programs. The book is in its ninth edition and gives valuable insight to career counselors on the current job market and the various external and internal factors that can influence career development. Globalization and its effects is a major factor to be considered by any individual and more so a career counselor. The book addresses these concerns in addition to the current economic, social trends that impact the workplace and the workforce (Zunker, 2014).
The book's main ...

Literature Review

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Committee member:
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Masters of Arts in Psychology
2016
Introduction
With childhood obesity on the rise, there is increasing concern about the prevention and treatment of obesity. Current national data on childhood and adolescent obesity show 16.9 percent of 2-to-19-year-old children and adolescents are obese (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). An effective intervention to manage obesity is essential. The current weight management practices involve dietary modification, behavioral change therapies involving exercise, pharmacological therapy and surgical intervention. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the current research on Motivational Interviewing (MI) as an effective method for ...

Step 1: Problem

The problem involved is the smoking habits of women during pregnancy. This problem will also be presented using (1) Population or Patient Problem, (2) Intervention, (3) Comparison, (4) Outcome, and (5) Time. This is otherwise known as the PICOT this is an approach that is used to formulate questions about the identified problem or topic.

Step 2: PICOT

P = (Problem) Pregnant women who smoke
I = (Intervention) Application of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) and Counseling
C = (Comparison) –none-
O = (Outcome) Cessation from smoking of pregnant women
T = (Time) During pregnancy

Foreground question: In pregnant women, does counseling and/or NRT reduce smoking?

Step 3: Variables
The two involved variables are Pregnancy and Smoking
Step 4: ...

Motivational Interviewing: Literature Review

Extensive research has been executed on the subject of motivational interviewing (MI) since it was originally published as a key approach to eliciting behavioral change (Shulman, 2011). In his original designation, Miller & Rollnick (2013) described motivational interviewing as an approach that is based on the fundamental principles of experimental social psychology and the application of such principles such as cognitive dissonance, attribution, and self-efficacy. Motivational Interviewing can be defined as a client centered directive counseling style critical in eliciting behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence (Shulman, 2011). The approach, therefore, comes out as facilitative, focusing on ...

Introduction

Racism is the ideology of racial inferiority/superiority at the individual, cultural, or institutional level that influences the perceptions and behavior of members of different racial groups towards others (Pieterse et al., 2011; Hoyt Jr., 2012). Research on the issue of racial prejudice has led to the association of perceived racism with poor psychological well being and psychological stress. Racism is an important concern in the present society due to the current prevalence of fatal violence against African Americans on the streets and even in church. It raises questions on the true incidence and impact of racial prejudice in the ...

Two individuals who decide to enter into a relationship, and get married or live together often to start a family, both intend to “live happily ever after.” However, this is not always the case in our present society. Violence in the domicile has become more prevalent, either because there have been an increased number of reports or such cases have increased in frequencies. This paper looks into the existing body of literature to identify the areas which have been extensively studied. The findings of a select number of scholarly materials will be presented in the succeeding sections focusing on the following aspects: (a) ...

This paper is an evaluation of what has been leant about HIV/AIDS in various settings. In this paper, all the activities and what has been learnt from them will be analyzed. I will also write about HIV/AIDS, its prevention, mode of spreading among other issues that are associated with it. There were many activities involved like reading, presentation, group work, skill building sessions that aimed at equipping one with pre and post-test counseling skills.
AIDS is the abbreviation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This is the last stage of HIV septicity. However, not everyone with HIV advances to the AIDS ...

Loss is an inevitable experience that may arise from the demise of a loved one as well as other life events. In most cases, individuals respond through grief, a normal process that leads to acceptance of loss. Normal or uncomplicated grief typically does not require formal treatment although grieving persons need to find the support and information they need (Zisook & Shear, 2013). However, there are individuals who experience prolonged and debilitating grief, referred to as complicated grief. Social workers play an integral role in helping individuals through the grief process by assessing for related needs as well as providing or bridging ...

Introduction

Homelessness is a substantial and systemic problem, as it provides people with the fewest resources even less of a chance to better themselves and escape the cycle of poverty. Homeless youth, in particular, face particular problems, being offered substantially fewer chances to succeed compared to other youth of the same age who are not homeless. There are many reasons for youth to become homeless; in many cases, homeless children have homeless parents, or have been tied up in the system without a concrete family structure (e.g. orphans). One substantial phenomenon is the homeless LGBT child; despite the many social advances ...

Literature Review

Sexuality and gender are social constructs, which may differ depending on the norms of society (Reis & Carothers, 2014). In a heterocentric society, certain attributes are reserved to describe either male or female individuals, with characteristics such as aggressive and strong being relegated to males and women being considered as more caring and emotional (Reis & Carothers, 2014). However, not all individuals fit neatly within the categories dictated by society and the challenges of individuals who are treated as “outliers” of society’s norm can be overwhelming, leading to emotional and physical distress, bullying, and social inequalities that have the ability to impact ...

Education

Abstract
Minority students that can be targeted for retention programs include students from the African-American, Hispanic, Native American, Filipino and Hawaiian ethnicities. The issues that need to be addressed in order to retain minority students in higher education nursing programs include more academic preparation, more support from faculty, and the availability of health the insurance. The wrong perceptions about nurses start as young as Kindergarten and last through elementary and high school. Long term solutions to the retention problem can start when nursing associations and university departments need to reach out to local school districts by offering help ...

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Literature Review
International students often face unique challenges when they move abroad to study. The severity and the type of the challenges that they face depends heavily upon their home culture and their level of familiarity with both travel and the English language. Much research has been done on the different ways that international students struggle in Australia; similarly, there has been much research done on the ways that international students cope with the changes that come with a life-changing decision of the magnitude of choosing to live abroad.
Different educators and researchers often focus on specific ethnic ...

Our Vision

What We Do
When a person is diagnosed with a life-threatening disease, it can be a frightening experience for the whole family. We provide information and offer practical and emotional support to the affected individuals and their families. We offer improvement in standards of support and care and promote the importance of early detection

How You Can Help

Service Users
There are various devastating conditions/illnesses that hinder an individual’s journey through life. The affected people are fellow human beings in need of help and assistance. Together we can make a difference to:

Cancer Patients

Cancer is a disease of the cells in the body. ...

How the Congress Declares War

Introduction
The constitution of the United States of America vests the power of declaring war over another country in the congress. This means that not even the president is supposed to declare war over another country if the same has not been approved by senate. Well, this is theoretical. There are several occasions where sitting American presidents have violated this protocol and declared war on other countries. From the Bush administration to the Obama administration, presidents have often acted in complete disregard of this requirement. Over the history of the US, congressional influence and activism on foreign policy has ...

While caring for children with DD (developmental disabilities) can in some ways be rewarding (Benson, 2010, p. 218), it can also be extremely stressful. For both parents and professional caregivers, stress is a very common part of dealing with children with ID (intellectual disabilities) or ASD (autism spectrum disorders) (Mills & Rose, 2011, p. 846). One consequence of this kind of stress is a possibility of caregiver burnout. The following paper will examine the concept of "mindfulness" as it can be applied to professional and parental care for children with DD. A number of different research studies will be considered, ...

Introduction

It is challenging to fathom exactly what drives people towards accomplishment in life, but there are some reasons to believe that both external and internal forces play significance roles in motivation. “Motivation is the particular word commonly used to describe the situation of self-determination” (Deci & Ryan, 2014). The theory of motivation developed by Deci and Ryan (2014), suggest that individuals are necessarily driven by the need to grow to gain personal fulfillment. However, where does that motivation stems from? Deci and Ryan (2014) explain that “self-determination influences people towards accomplishing such tasks." First, people's activities and efforts are usually ...

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Airport Development
2.2.1 Airport History
The history of the development of airports worldwide dates back to the late 1800s with the first ever professionally functional airport according to NYC Aviation (2012) was developed in the outskirts of Paris dubbed Port Aviation. This fact is however indispute since other factions lay claims to being the world’s first or oldest airport. For instance according to Prince George’s Department of Parks and Recreation (2010) College Park Airport in Maryland is the oldest airport that is functional to this day having been established in 1909 ...

Introduction

Psychology pertains to the study of human behavior, reactions, personalities, or even as specific and complicated as how the brain works and functions. It can be considered both as a form of academic discipline and a branch of applied science that deals with the study of different brain functions that are related to mental processes and individual human behaviors. Studying psychology, unlike other academic disciplines, often involves unique processes such as the establishment of generally accepted principles and theories, and verifying the validity of such through research that more often than not involves verification using individual and or group cases. Just ...

Hospice is a multidisciplinary approach to family-centered and holistic care for persons nearing the end of life. As such, patients receiving this type of care have terminal illness and are certified to have a life expectancy of six months or less (Crozier & Hancock, 2012). The focus of hospice care is to enhance the patient’s quality of life through symptom management and comfort measures. The patient, caregiver, and family also benefit from psychological and spiritual care, education, coaching, and grief support (Batchelor, 2012). Because of their life stage, pediatric patients have hospice needs unique from adults. Thus, pediatric hospice aims to ...

Introduction

Anger is an emotion that enrages a mind, increases the blood pressure and makes heart beat faster sending adrenaline rush into the system. Anger mainly has three components; physical reactions, the cognitive experience of anger and behavior (PBS Online, 2011). The physical reactions of anger show in increased blood pressure and heart rate, muscle tightening and 'fight or flight' response. The cognitive experience of anger makes one feel angry because of a situation making him feel wronged and threatened. Behavior is the expression of anger that includes a wide range of behavioral reactions from slamming doors to raising voice and from turning ...

Abstract

Established in the year 1976, Acer is currently one among the top three most renowned PC brands in the international scene. Over the last four decades of the company’s existence, remarkable changes have taken place. Managing such change has posed quite a challenge for both the management and the other stakeholders – both external and internal. This paper is based on a critical review of change management in Acer; the Taiwan based PC Company that has emerged as one of the legendary organizations as far as strong management is, in the east. The first part of the paper is the introduction, which ...

Introduction

The starting point of the learning process is curiosity that is crafted in the minds of the young people. This essentially includes the student’s aspiration of participating in the learning process (Lumsden 1). Unfortunately, the zeal to learn more and the curiosity developed constantly decrease as the young ones grow older in the education system. In order to maintain the level of determination and curiosity, the young students need motivation from people with experience in different areas. Motivation to learn involves the stimulation of a student’s natural desire to be involved in the learning activities. This means that ...

Introduction

Pregnancy is a milestone characterized by changes in many aspects of women’s lives in ways that can promote or undermine health. It is important for women to cope successfully and be healthy from conception through birth and beyond to achieve the best health outcomes for them and their newborns. Adequate physical activity has many health benefits and should be continued throughout pregnancy. Programs that promote exercise help pregnant women initiate and maintain greater physical activity and a healthier lifestyle. Such programs must consider the unique characteristics, circumstances, and health status of gravid women to be appropriate and effective. Using guidelines ...

Abstract

According to George W. Doherty, every person has had stress in life. Such stress is caused by too much pushing of the body. The result is the body getting sick. Professionals push themselves so much to get good results. A good example is an athlete training so hard to win one race. These people have devised ways to deal with stress. One finds himself making difficult decisions or unexpected responsibilities Stress can occur for long periods or short periods. Stress reduces the body’s urge to fight.

Chapter 8: Stress Management

The types of stress includes: psychological stress, prolonged physical stress and strenuous ...