Drug Abuse Literature Reviews Samples For Students

INTRODUCTION

Substance abuse, be it alcohol, drugs, or tobacco is a serious problem in almost every neighborhood, community, town, city, or state in the United States and all across the globe. The types of drugs and the environments may change, but the outcome is always the same; addiction usually, leads to or stems from economic instability and poor decision making, which goes hand-in-hand with substance abuse. People across all demographics are affected by substance abuse in this modern age. People from all walks of life, different races, ages, genders, and religious backgrounds, all can be affected by substance abuse. This is ...

Income inequality and tramadol addiction

According to Wilkinson & Pickett (2010), there is a correlation between income inequality and drug abuse. They argued that the income inequality in a particular country is a big threat to the health of the society more than any other factor. They proved that social problems and health issues are highly caused by the income inequality of the particular area. Current studies are engaged in to determine the nature of the relationship between income inequality and social and health problems, and to investigate whether income inequality is the cause of such problems. Youth from low-income families face economic challenges such as inadequate food, ...

Introduction

An event that take places as Alphones find Baby and Xavier having had sex in his hotel room he beat Xavier and sends him home. Later on he beat baby and takes all of her heroine. The next morning Baby finds Alphonse Dead because of drug overdose.
The above event appears in the book once and it is in the author’s ways of developing the plot of his book. He describes it to greater extent so that he develops his theme on effect of drug abuse. Therefore, this event was important to the author as it help ...

Despite the fact that most of college students avoid unsafe use of drugs, they have high likelihood to be affected by the consequences of the high-risk conducts of their peers (Borsari, and Carey, 2001). Students engaging in substance abuse do not just harm themselves but also their peers, and not just occasionally, but with a frequency that is truly disturbing. If the college campus management and the students become informed about prevention of substance abuse, potential college students can increase the chances that they will avoid problems related with substance abuse and their college expectations and dreams will be achieved.
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Out of 1,593,150 people who experience homelessness every year, about 605,397 comprise of women living in shelters. Homelessness among women is due to poverty, lack of jobs and fund assistance from the public. A study was conducted to investigate how women become homeless and how to resolve the issue of homelessness. The methodology used in the study was qualitative meta synthesis, which involved the qualitative analysis and synthesis of existing research reports.
Perceived competency refers to how an individual interprets his ability to make decisions, take action, and positively influence the life of another person. ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Substance abuse is one of the most harmful phenomena of a society. It can also be considered as substance-related disorder, and is related to abuse of drugs, tobacco, and/or alcohol that can lead to harmful outcomes. Estimates show that over 8 million children in the U.S. have one of the parents having substance-related disorder. Substance abuse can result in significant problems in a family as, for example; it can lead to separation of partners, problems in raising the children, employment problems, and severe levels of conflict in the society (Donohue et al., 2014).
It has been ...

DRUG & ALCOHOL ABUSE

With changing times people are becoming more reckless, impatient and losing their moral grounds. Drugs and alcohol have become a part of life for a huge population of the world. Every country all over the world has seen a remarkable increase in the number of people engaging in such addictions in the last few decades. The addiction has claimed lots of lives and ruined lots of families. It is an important concern for the medical fraternity and the government of every country. Constant monitoring and stricter rules have also failed to bring down the rate much. More than imposing ...

Abstract

PRN narcotics combined with massage therapy represent a typical clinical practice used to manage acute pain. Nonetheless, PRN narcotics have come under increasing scrutiny because of their association with safety and dependence problems. The present study presents a review of current literature on the use of massage as a pain management technique. Researchers have identified the effectiveness of foot massage, touch massage, vibration therapy combined with adjunctive massage, and rhythmical massage in the control of stress and postoperative pain. In a recent study, patients with back pain have reported experiencing chronic pain for about one to eight years following ...

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Tricyclic antidepressants vs Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in treatment of Depression

In recent decades, SSRIs have become the first-choice treatment for depression. The efficacy and acceptability, as well as cost-efficiency of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) versus the older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are studied by many researchers. Most of scholars agree that the both classes of antidepressants are almost equally efficient (Marton, 2003.) According to Marton (2003), a small trend towards greater efficacy of TCAs was found when the outcome was measured in terms of depression scales, and towards SSRIs – in terms of global impression scores.
But Faravelli and colleagues (2003) argue that in most studied cases, ...

Carter Sickels novel, The Evening hour, revolves around the devastation of the West Virginia landscape as well as that of the local communities. The main character in the story is twenty-seven year old Cole Freeman who works as an aide in a nursing home. He also indulges in the sale of illegal drugs, which he either steals or buys from the local elderly population in the nursing home. It portrays several aspects of drug abuse in any given community, which includes its causes and effects in the society.
The novel portrays poverty as one of the major factors that ...

One of the major public health problems and the societal concerns these days is the maltreatment of children which impacts millions of children all over the world. There are a variety of long and short-term health consequences of child abuse and neglect which leaves a long-lasting impact on the mental and social growth and development of the children. Child abuse does not just mean broken bones or bruises, it impacts the safety, physical, social, mental, emotional and educational needs of the children. Child abuse and neglect as defined by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) of 2010, ...

How absentee fathers affect teen pregnancy in daughters

Introduction
The family is the basic unit of society. From this structure, individuals learn the tenets of how to integrate into society and cope with other members. Most mammal species live in the family unit, be it nuclear or extended. Within the family, members learn to bond, share and assist each other with difficulties. The human species shows the most sophisticated form of human organization. When children get born, they only get taught how to survive as adults, but there are certain values that parents must pass on to their children. Each family and society have different values and ...

Abstract

Rising rates of recidivism in the United States have developed concerns pertaining to the effectiveness of prisons as correctional facilities. In this study, the focus is to assess the suitability of faith-based correctional methods in promoting inmates reentry into the society. Some discussed methods include Inner change programs, prison chaplaincy, and meditational strategies. Several studies have indicated significant declines in recidivism rates among inmates who participated in these initiates. For example, Duwe & Johnson (2013) found that inmates who engaged in Inner change programs in Minnesota were less likely to be arrested by at least 8% compared to their counterparts ...

Abstract

The following paper analyzes three articles that deal with the effect of addicted mothers on infant development. The type of addiction that the paper concentrates on includes alcohol abuse, use of cocaine, marijuana, and heroin. Drug use during pregnancy has been on the higher rise as more young mothers engage in drug and alcohol abuse. Mothers who use non-prescribed when pregnant never realizes the dangers they expose their newborn babies to until the child is born and attains the age of five years. The paper will identify various problems analyzed in the selected articles and relate them to the ...

Literature Review

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Introduction

Between the periods 1980 to 1992, consumption of illicit drugs in the United States increased from 29% to 42% among 12th grade adolescence, and from 11% to 21% among eight grade students. Other statistics shows that in the 12th grade 80% are students on alcoholic. More than half of them have been doing it in the eighth grade; 75% had smoked cigarettes, of this group, 35% became habitual smokers. The greatest challenge is faced by families, who, no matter what their social or economic level, must devise strategies to help their adolescence. Studies have been done to prove ...

Introduction

The rate of divorce has increased over the years. Research indicates that for every three marriages that take place in today’s society, one of them ends in divorce (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011). Furthermore, the majority of the families that divorce have children. Consequently, divorce causes various impacts on children depending on how they perceive it and what kind of life they lead after it occurs in comparison with the past. Some children often take the blame on themselves for being responsible for their parents’ divorce and this will have devastating impact on their lives. Mostly, ...

ID Number

Introduction

The use of statistics in behavioral sciences examines the relationships between variables. This paper discusses the application of statistical measures such as t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square on three different studies to determine the correlation between variables. The objectives of this paper include the following:

Article 1: The Effects of Participation in Athletics on Academic Performance among High School Sophomores and Juniors

An ongoing discussion concerning the impacts of participation in athletics on academic accomplishment has been around since the 60s. Recently, this issue has ballooned due to the imposed limits on budget for education. A lot of decision makers also found it comforting to cut programs intended for athletic development due to their notion ...

It is conceptualized that any organization that effectively embraces strategic planning will record better results as compared to those that have not. The general relationship between strategic planning and business planning becomes apparent since strategic planning is aimed at guiding various program internally in the organization, while the business plan is mostly intended to be used even by the external parties (Dunworth, & Saiger, 2008, p.17). In regard to program planning, it becomes imperative for the nursing practitioner to adopt both the strategic and business planning approach so that the program designed becomes effective and have the ability of maximizing ...

Treating Mental Health Illness – A Literature Review

ABSTRACT
The following literature review explores the capabilities of the nurse practitioner treating varieties of mental disorders as comorbidities of primary care patients. The NP interface with the primary care and outpatient services of different people living on the fringe of society with specific barriers to quality health care connected to mental illness proves valuable. The efficacy of the NP in treating mental illness in patients according to the literature emerges as a valuable intervention with screening, diagnosing, and therapy options for specific patients often isolated from medical care access with mental illness including homeless, geriatric, pediatric, and the ...

Abstract

The following paper is dedicated to analyzing the prerequisites, state and consequences of drugs-related police corruption. Importance of highlighting results of research on the following issues is connected with the fact that trafficking in drugs, facilitated with the help of police corruption, has a great negative impact on drug abuse, especially in large cities with a high incidence of drug trafficking. Apart from studying the nature and extent of known drug-related police corruption, I will single out factors, commonly being associated with drug-related police corruption, including violence, as well as study current policies and programs, aimed at combating these issues. In ...

Results & Discussions Lin Critique Part 3

When percentages are reported, are the underlying numbers of cases also reported?
This is article focuses on the use of Forgiveness Therapy (FT) to control anger and resentment as well as depression and anxiety among alcoholic and other substance abuse patients who have been attacked by different people (Enright & Fitzgibbons, 2000). The study is carefully designed as it gives accurate percentages and figures. All the underlying number of cases are reported before giving any percentages. As a matter of fact, the percentages are derived from the reported cases. In the FT study conducted, the percentages of those who went ...

Introduction

The United Nations defines human trafficking as “the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception with the aim of exploiting them.” Practically, every global nation is impacted by this particular crime. The challenge for all the nations, irrespective of how rich or poor they might be, is to aim for catching hold of the criminals who exploit distressed and despaired people and to protect the trafficking victims, as most such victims are believed to go through unimaginable sufferings in their pursuit of getting and leading a better life. Such victims are to be provided ...

Research treatment and policy regarding substance abuse exist on a continuum. New questions come from changes and developments in the policy environment. New research findings give insight on how to better shape and tailor policies. This paper discusses the relationship between epidemiology, etiology and evidence based practice with respect to drug use and their role in the broader context of the research-treatment-policy continuum.
The evidence based practice philosophy is a praxis-oriented movement that calls for greater reliance on scientific evidence is being extended to treatment approaches that are supported by evidence gathered in psychological and sociological studies and that ...

Literature Review

Chairman:
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Masters of Arts in Psychology
2016
Introduction
With childhood obesity on the rise, there is increasing concern about the prevention and treatment of obesity. Current national data on childhood and adolescent obesity show 16.9 percent of 2-to-19-year-old children and adolescents are obese (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). An effective intervention to manage obesity is essential. The current weight management practices involve dietary modification, behavioral change therapies involving exercise, pharmacological therapy and surgical intervention. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the current research on Motivational Interviewing (MI) as an effective method for ...

Social housing and work-lessness have always been a debated issue in the United Kingdom. Over the years, the housing associations and the Policy makers in UK have discussed the issue of work-lessness among the social housing tenants. The first thing to know here is what social housing means. Social housing is basically low rent housing which is provided to those families who are struggling to meet the cost of their housing due to issues like poverty, work-lessness, financial exclusion. It is normally councils, local authorities, and non-profit housing associations, which provide such housing. Worklessness has been a major issue among the ...

Applied behaviour analysis and animal behaviour

According to (Bekoff, 2013), behaviour analysis refers to a scientific approach that helps an individual to understand why animal and people do and behave the way they do. After studying behaviour analysis an individual develops the capacity to understand how both human beings as well as animal’s behaviours are affected by the various events that take place. This includes the event that are there in their physical and their social environments. Teacher’s researchers and parents make use of behaviour analysis to tell how the physical and social environment impacts on behaviour change.
The study of behaviour analysis ...

Introduction

Religion is an organized collection of cultural systems, belief systems and world views that relate humanity to spirituality and at times moral values. Religions are characterised by symbols, traditions, narratives, sacred places, people, beings that are intended to explain the origin of life, meaning of life and the universe. Religions have over the years helped define human nature and the known and the unknown world. They have also defined and set standards on ethics, morality and general human lifestyle.
It is estimated that there are about 4,200 religions in the world. The most dominant religions in the ...

Abstract

Methamphetamine, known to the world in various names such as “crank” or simply “meth”, is notable for having severe effects similar to that of marijuana. While it is reported and proven to be capable of treating several psychological and physical disorders, the known stimulant is capable of producing heavy complications in terms of a users’ physical, neurological, psychological and social nature that may be difficult to heal. In terms of its effects to children, parents and pregnant women; the effects of methamphetamine vary. However, heavy physical, behavioral and social disorders would be visible to these groups since methamphetamine can cause ...

Introduction

Following a decline, since the mid to late 1990s, in the number of young people smoking, more recent reports have indicated that these numbers are now, once again, beginning to rise. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), figures from a 2005 study indicate that 23% of high school students had smoke in the month prior, which shows an increase from 21.9% in a 2003 study (Family First Aid, 2000-2006). This figure alone is enough to prompt fears that smoking could begin to grip our nation’s youth, irrespective of the amount of anti-smoking education that they are presented ...

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Summarizing the Major Findings of each Article

Article 1 - Homeless Men and Women: Differential Associations Among. Substance Abuse, Psychosocial Factors, and Severity of Homelessness
This journal article is written by authors named Judith A. Stein and Lillian Gelberg. In this article, they have successfully examined the relationship between homeless men and women and their involvement in criminal activities, mental illness as well as use of drugs.
After their comprehensive study, the authors have found that compared to homeless women, men are more likely to use drugs and tend to be more alcoholic. Homeless men are more involved in criminal activities if they are ...

Introduction

Athletes dedicate their precious time in practicing and training in the hope of ultimate reward for their flawless performance. The competitive environment and passion for winning add extra motivation to their will to succeed. For a perfect athletic performance, a healthy and strong body is a primary necessity. To achieve new limits in their career athletes take good diet and a proper training and exercise regime. Literature suggests that the use of vitamins and nutritional supplements also contribute to enhancing the performance. Performance Enhancing Drugs (PED) are newly discovered options that can be presented as the next step in ...

Introduction

Society compels individuals to engage in productive activities to provide for their needs and those of their families. In fact, close to 65 percent of the United States population engages in full and part time works to secure a living (Kossek, Pichler, Meece & Barrat, 2008). In addition to meeting financial essentials, there is a need to meet one’s caregiving and social responsibilities regarding their families. Specifically, parents ought care for their children, spend time with them while monitoring their growth, attend their doctors. In infancy the level of responsibility is heightened and the parents, especially the mother in ...

Introduction

The last few decades have witnessed a massive increase in the incidences of homeschooling in the United States. This is a deviation from earlier years throughout the 19th Century where many students received their education in formal learning institutions. In fact, up to the 1970’s, almost all the students in the United States received their education in schools. This trend however started changing, and homes became popular education locus where parents elected to educate their children at home rather than take them to school. Current data seems to suggest that almost 3% of all students in the United States are ...

The fast growing increase of female in U.S. prisons

Introduction

According to the latest statistics from the Bureau of justice Statistics, US Department of Justice, American, the rate at which a number of women are getting detained and thrown behind bars is despicable. As opposed to their male counterparts, women face an uphill task when they are confined both in prison and jail cells. The major causes for their conviction include mental challenges, pregnancy, sexual abuse, property theft, prostitution, aggravated robbery, family violence, forgery, wanton endangerment, burglary and assault.
The most controversial of them all are the convicts who have ...

Introduction

Anger is an emotion that enrages a mind, increases the blood pressure and makes heart beat faster sending adrenaline rush into the system. Anger mainly has three components; physical reactions, the cognitive experience of anger and behavior (PBS Online, 2011). The physical reactions of anger show in increased blood pressure and heart rate, muscle tightening and 'fight or flight' response. The cognitive experience of anger makes one feel angry because of a situation making him feel wronged and threatened. Behavior is the expression of anger that includes a wide range of behavioral reactions from slamming doors to raising voice and from turning ...

Literature Review: Family Educational Developmental Context in Adolescents

According to Steinberg 2011, Educational achievement is the overall academic performance of children or learners in relation to their Grade Point Average (GPA). Learners take their courses in bits known as units which are spread over a given period of time. To ascertain a learner’s educational achievement, the average of these courses taken in sessions is calculated. In other words, educational achievement is a long process that encompasses various stages of cognitive and social development of a child. A good educational achievement of a child requires a cohesive relationship between his or her internal and external environments. If in any case something goes wrong ...

While people believe that it is the responsibility of the child to excel academically, parents always want their children to be the best in academics. They always do their best to ensure that they children’s academic needs are met without any compromise. This heavy investment calls for a strict supervision and tagging of high targets for these children. However, whenever these targets are not met, a lot of psychological and behavioral problems that may have adverse effects on the affected children. Even though parents try their best to ensure their children excel, they still face psychological and behavioral challenges among ...

In a society, the weaker group would always demand that special treatment be accorded to them. This approach has always favoured an adoption of affirmative actions for the weaker persons in society. Women, if compared to men have been the weaker sex. History reveals a record of marginalization and mistreatment of women across societies. In fact, jurisdictions like Saudi Arabia in the Middle East are yet to grant women full rights and freedoms. However, this does not mean that women have always been the victims in every situation. Indeed, many situations exist that cast women as the villains in society. This ...

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

Juvenile delinquency is said to be an antisocial behavior exhibited by minors. (Quay, 1987) In the USA, most states would consider a juvenile to be between the ages of ten and eighteen, while a few others consider up to sixteen years of age as the limit. When crimes are committed by persons under these age range, they are commonly tried as a juvenile and not as an adult, which poses much difference from normal court proceedings.
Juvenile tried cases are mediated by judges instead of the usual trial by a jury of the peers. Moreover, unlike an adult case, juveniles ...

Arguably, the modern world has become very complex, especially when it comes to parenting. Parenting is a phenomenon, which is aimed at developing children or a child physically, psychologically, intellectually, as well as socially. The 21st century came with a lot of technological changes, of which it has affected various aspects of human life. The several stages of development and growth among children encompasses toddlerhood, adolescence, infancy, and middle childhood, whereby each one of it demands to change parenting needs, roles and stressors. Parenting in the modern world has become a controversial issue. As a matter of fact, Parents in the modern world have ...

1.0 Domestic violence, PTSD and women

Research has proven that battering and violence in the families are major causes of post-traumatic stress disorders among the victims (PTSD). The problem of intimate patner violence has become a very widespread calamity in the world today. It involves physical or bodily assaults, emotional distress, and traumatizing responses by one patner to another.Women in particular, form the larger population of people experiencing domestic violence. This makes them to be most vulnerable to mental disorders that result from experiencing violence, and in particular PTSD. According to a study by Loring Jones, Margaret Ughes and Ulrike Unterstaller, battered women are great victims of ...

In order to efficiently curb bullying it is essential to use the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. This program is a multi-echelon, multi-constituent program intended to thwart or decrease bullying in schools.

Goals and objectives

The program endeavours to streamline the existing school milieu to lessen prospect and incentives for bullying. The School staffs are principally accountable for initiating and executing the program. Their endeavours are fixed toward enhancing peer relations and putting the school at a secure and constructive position for students to study and develop. Whilst intervention in opposition to bullying is predominantly significant to decrease the victim’s suffering, it is as ...