Equity Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Branding is a phenomenon that had its origins the ancient times at various parts of the world. An analysis of the literature of branding shows clearly, how branding is useful in conveying product information to its stakeholders, and how useful it is in attracting customer attention. Various researchers have investigated the benefits of branding both from a company’s perspective, and customers’ perspective (Keller, 1993). There exist myriad amount of papers that discuss how branding paves way for product differentiation, how a good branding strategy impacts customer perception, and how it influences customer willingness or preference to purchase a product when other products ...

Chapter 6

According to chapter six of the book referenced in the end, the main target that it strived to achieve was to show how marketing communication affects brand equality. The chapter focused on a number of things that are connected and related to marketing communication. There were some changes in the new media environment that affected the marketing communications that were currently operational. The changes that marketing communications made included creating awareness of brands, they linked points-of-parity and points-of-difference associations to the brand in consumers’ memories, they elicited positive brand judgments or feelings and they facilitated a stronger consumer-brand connection and resonance. ...

The Equity theory was first developed by John Stacey Adams. Equity theory attempts to draw a relation between the pay of an employee to his input and eventual output at workplace. On the surface, equity theory advances the notion that the higher one is paid, the more input he should put and hence the more of the organizational output ought to be credited to him. However, the complexity of reward management system in various organizations makes the assumption flawed in some instances. This paper discusses equity theory, examines its modern day applications and critically reviews its place in management of ...

LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review
When in the MSDI conference that was conducted in the late 1980s and at the beginning of 1990s, the concept of brand equity was discussed then participants agreed that there are two sorts of brand equity that includes financial brand equity and consumer based brand equity. Financial brand equity is related to the value of the company as it the brand of the consumer is treated as an asset. However, the consumer based brand equity (CBBE) is related to the value of customers because the brand adds convenience in the lives of customers (Cant, Strydom & Jooste, 2009).
...

Determinants of Capital Structure

Abstract
Decision on capital composition is a crucial decision for firms as it has major financial and profitability implications. The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of capital structure and discuss the key theories on capital structure. The paper discusses they key theories of capital structure, providing evidence of the theory and listing its limitations. The MM theory is the foundation for the other modern theories of capital structure. The trade-off theory is an extension to MM theory relaxing the assumption of bankruptcy. Pecking order theory highlights the firm’s preference of internal cash flows as ...

1.0 Background
Capital structure decisions are critical for the profitability and or growth objectives of for-profit organizations. Financial managers are given the liberty of choosing the components of their capital structure as long their maximize the value of the stock and at the same time achieve some of the core objectives of firms. Some of these include maximization of the company’s value. Managers all over the world strive to find a combination of investment with the best gearing ratio. According to Huber (2011) excessive use of debt financing could lead to too much of the firm's profits being ...

Literature Review

Corporate branding helps in making a positive image of the business and brands associated leading to the development of brand equity. Measures of brand equity can be done through loyalty measures, leadership measures, differentiation measures, awareness measures and market behaviour measures. In combination, these four measures contain the brand equity ten which determine the overall brand equity resulting from branding activities. The brand equity ten measures such as loyalty and price premium (loyalty measures); leadership and perceived quality (leadership measures); organizational associations, brand personality and perceived value (differentiation measures); brand awareness (awareness measure); and price and distribution indices and ...

- Introduction
Return on investments (ROI) is one of the most crucial calculations that organizations’ management need to make as a way of ensuring that their businesses have a long-term viability. Thus, it is becoming crucial for businesses not only to identify their operations profitability but also to measure the efficiency of their investments in providing a return. However, the metric’s application varies with different business types, and that forms the objective of this study in establishing the various ROI standards that are applied by companies with a focus on the service oriented businesses. (Vinci, 2010) In that respect, the analysis ...

Brand Management

Introduction
As per the American Marketing Association (AMA), the definition of a brand is a name, term, symbol, design or a combination of them, which is intended to identify the goods or services (Cohen, 2011, para. 3). These products may belong to one seller or a group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors (Korchia, 2012 p. 13). However, there exist several other definitions for the term "brand." In such circumstances, it is always good to use a standard definition that can be used under every circumstance. The AMA definition is the best one ever definition ...

In the beginning of his first topic of discussion Inner Values in an Age of Science, he is expressing how you do not solely need to rely on the blessings of something there is also the action that is needed to be taken. Although he does still value blessings and prayers, they are just psychological benefits for everyone religious or not. He continues to compare prayer to modern science. Prayer does not come close to the success stories from modern medicine, for instance, he explains how you can pray for all kinds of things but medicine advances are what ...

LITERATURE REVIEW

Although the concept of corporate governance has been in practice for several decades, it gained worldwide popularity and significance since the collapse of a number of corporate giants and bank chains in the United States in the early 2000s. The idea of corporate governance is the major factor that links stakeholder interests with the objectives of the organization. As Solms and Solms point out, corporate governance could be defined as “the set of processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled” (Solms & Solms, 2008, p.2). In the current business context, shareholders, ...

Literature review

Introduction
There has been the adoption of The Common Core States Standards in many states in the United States. The standards are used to enable students learn and have basic skills in the areas that are being taught. The common trends in this field are that of technology use in the testing and learning process. Technology is becoming a common platform where learning takes place. The Common Core Standards have been integrated with technology so that it enables students to learn how to use these techniques. This is not the core reason for this integration; the main reason is ...

[Institution Title]
- INTRODUCTION
Taiwan is a beautiful island located at the western part of the Pacific Ocean. It is easy to access from other cities and within 1-3 hours with airplane rides from Hong Kong, Shanghai, Tokyo, Seoul, Peking and Tokyo. Apart from its beautiful scenery, Taiwan also has diverse culture and gourmet. The Taiwanese government is highly active and heavily motivated for promoting development of leisure and tourism industry.
Accommodation for tourists is the most important and basic need for them. Therefore, hotel management and development has become a crucial issue in the hotel industry (Wang. ...

U.S. GAAP versus IFRS.

ABSTRACT

There are notable differences between the International Accounting Standard Boards and the Financial Accounting Standard Boards models of accounting for income tax. Efforts to harmonize the two standards through the Exposure Draft were dropped in 2009 and have not been reviewed thereafter. In 2012, SEC staff provided a final IFRS framework that outlined its efforts and findings but did not provide any conclusions or recommendations for any actions. The difference between IFRS and US GAAP remain significantly felt in many areas and are of major interests to users of financial statements. The main areas of comparison ...

2.0 Introduction
As identified in the first chapter of the dissertation, this study will seek to examine the elements of luxury goods positioning and branding. This will aim at examining the cultural settings in purchasing these luxury products in the British and Kazakhstani contexts. This literature review will analyse authoritative sources and ground-breaking definitions that relate to core concepts and theories in the area of luxury fashion and branding.
2.1 Positioning Strategies for Luxury Brands
“Brand vision and the culture, personality relationships and presentation are key components of corporate branding that builds brand identity” . Luxury fashion and products are ...

MANAGEMENT

Literature Review
Literature on marketing suggested that it was years ago that organizations carried out their businesses in brick and mortar form and depended heavily on the door to door marketing to create and maintain a customer base. As technology continue to chip in, new avenues started to open for business marketing such as television, radios, telemarketing, emails, direct mail, print advertisement etc. Although the technology based marketing efforts have helped businesses make a huge amount of profits but now they are seen as intrusive or ineffective. Consequently, the customers all around the globe began to ignore the traditional ...

According to Jiandong Ju, the low movement of capital inflow from rich countries to poor countries can be explained using the assumption of one sector in the economy. He came up with three major propositions as to why there is little capital outflow from the rich countries to the poor countries. According to Lucas, the capital flow is determined by the marginal product of capital. The first factor he proposed for the low capital outflow was the sovereign risk assumption. Sovereign risk is the assumption that the government bills and bonds are risk free. He explains that the sovereign ...

A share split is an action taken by corporate executives to increase the number of outstanding shares by dividing each share by a given split ratio that diminishes its price. In this case, the stock market capitalization does not change since the price per share reduces by the ratio of the share split. For instance, if a company splits its shares in the ratio of two shares for each one share held, the share holders will enjoy an increased numbers of shares nut at a reduced price thus the overall market capitalization remains unchanged.

Stock splits are not a new term in world ...

Overview of the restaurant industry

In the contemporary context, the restaurant industry can be defined as an industry that involves professional restaurants, bars and other providers of food services structured to allow in-service deliveries. It can be considered as a network or a collection of professional food service companies which operate restaurants and other eating places in both at the country level and at the global levels. Hyun et al (2011, 30) assert that these companies operate in services, which include includes full-service restaurants, quick-service restaurants, cafeterias and buffets, and snack bars, among other services. It is one of the largest professional industries in ...

Acknowledgement

Chapter 1
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Statement of Purpose
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms:
Chapter 11
History of pay inequality
Chapter 111
Laws
Chapter 1V
Women in leadership roles
Chapter V
Research Methodology
Conclusion

Bibliography

Abstract
Gender Differences as a Predictor of Salaries in Leadership Roles.
Salaries have increased drastically in the past 50 years but still there is a salary disparity between men and women. In today’s workplace, leadership roles are very competitive. Applicants must have many qualifications to be considered for leadership positions. Workforce found that women needed a Ph.D. to equal the ...

Introduction

In the agile environment that characterizes the prevailing markets, the survival of companies depends on publicity and advertising (Marder and Lindvall, 2014). The two elements are particularly significant in the building of strong company brands worldwide. Publicity is described as a “non-personal communication” that employs modes such as tapes, films, photographs, newsletters, feature articles, press conferences, media interviews, and press releases (Marder and Lindvall, 2014, p. 1). Although publicity can have positive impacts on a business and strengthen brand equity, negative publicity may have adverse consequences for the company. Typically, negative publicity refers to damaging information that tends to ...

Abstract

Given the significance of the corporate social responsibility in the contemporary society, the author in the paper focuses on the role of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the obtaining the higher volume of profit and attract new investors. In addition, the author dwells on the elements of CRS and its influence over the attitude of the consumers to the companies if they are focused at the deliberation of the CSR policy. The paper contains the brief literature review that presents the main findings of the researches engaged in the examination of the framework of the CSR. This review ...

The empowering poem of "Labor Speaks" was composed in 1909 of unknown origin and author. According to the literary-focused website, "What So Proudly We Hail", the poem was popularized by the Industrial Workers of the World (Labor Speaks), a long-standing organization that continues to exist until today, which encourages the organization of worker unions to demand workplace autonomy and improvement of workers' rights. As much as the poem demands for similar values upheld by such organization, "Labor Speaks" vocalizes the contributions of the working class through time and history, and demands fair compensation through boldly overturning entrenched ...

Q.1.Define motivation

Motivation is typically defined as an individual’s willingness to act or behave in a particular way. Motivation is a result of an individual’s cognition. People interpret a situation and then behave according to their understanding of that particular situation. The end goals or reaction of others would also determine the extent to which a person may be motivated to behave in a specific manner. Motivation may best be understood in terms of the biological, emotional, social, and cognitive forces that guide an individual’s behavior.

Q.2. Briefly discuss Need theory, Theory X and Theory Y, Expectancy theory, and ...

Read more

Introduction

Education is one of the most intrinsic components in any society. The determination of success in social life is dependent on the level of education. The American society is one of the many societies that determine success by a college degree. In the US, parents and a number of people value the essence of education and encourage their kids to pursue formal education in order to be successful in life. The connection between college education and success in the American society cannot be overemphasized. In a competitive world, education is perceived to be the only equalizer in the mainstream society. Although a college ...

Financial reporting quality is an issue that has been under research for some time. As a result there has been identified several parameters which can be used to indicate the quality of earnings such as smoothness, persistence, accruals, loss avoidance, timeliness and investor responsiveness among others. Although researchers have come to an agreement that these indicators can be used to show the quality of earnings, they have not come to a conclusion on the best method as quality is defined by the context of the required decision and performance objectives. From its definition, earnings quality is described as with the level ...

The piece by Goolsbee is ahead of its time. It talks about economics and how the wealthy are taxed. The effects of this are outlined and discussed in the paper. It speaks of the more responsive taxation when the top 10% of the most wealthy in the country pay taxes, and what happens to these contributions. With the recent economic crisis, this paper is very relevant and can be put into practice. The GDP and business cycles of the United States are discussed below in relation to the theory presented by Goolsbee. The distribution, effects and higher tax rates ...

Introduction

As the world gradually moves forward from an age that celebrates the independence of each nationality to an age of interdependence and collaborative efforts, then so does education. Joining the bandwagon of change for the better, education itself is changing with the changing times. Migration from the birthplace to another country, interracial marriages and other such circumstances have all made possible the convergence of diverse cultures and languages in a single place. In a classroom setting, no longer is it possible to see a concentration of just one race. Today’s society is full of individuals who come from a long line of ...

Abstract

Tuberculosis, better known as TB, is an infectious disease that affects the global community. Its incidence rate has been significant in the New Zealand region where the disease is considered to be pandemic and has accrued a significant burden on the healthcare system for its demands on timely diagnosis and treatment. Although a decline of its incidence in New Zealand was noted, such decline halted sometime in the 1980’s and the rate of incidence becomes consistent thereafter and it remains to be an apparent health problem in the region which is highly associated with migration issues and other factors that ...

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Literature Critique

Discussion
Rationale for the topic
Diabetes is Australia’s fastest growing chronic disease (Diabetes Australia, 2012). It is the sixth leading cause of death in Australia. Up to 60% of cases of type 2 diabetes are preventable. This makes diabetes a topic of utmost public health significance. Implementation of public health measures could reduce the incidence of diabetes, which will not only result in savings for the health budget, but also increase participation and productivity in the workforce and, most importantly, lead to better health outcomes and quality of life for Australians (Diabetes Australia, 2012). This is why ...

Literature Review:

The Global Financial Crisis took over the global economy in July 2007 due to the credit crunch, particularly when US investors lost confidence in the value of sub-prime mortgages thereby causing a liquidity crisis. As a result, the US FEDERAL BANK invested large amounts of funds into financial markets. The crisis had worsened by September 2008 with global stock markets crashing and becoming extremely volatile (Eves, 2010). The housing sector of the US saw majority of home owners, who had drawn out sub-prime loans, unable to make their mortgage repayments. With values of homes dropping sharply, the borrowers were left with ...

In addition to the fact that Tiebout's assumptions are unrealistic, as mentioned before, even with these assumptions he did not provide a mathematical proof of the equilibrium in his article. Some scholars tried to formalize the model and suggest that the model does not work as we would expect from a pareto optimal general equilibrium model. Bewley (1981) showed that Tiebout equilibrium does not have a Pareto optimal solution unless we add some other restrictive assumptions to the model. He provided a series of examples which highlights the inefficiency of Tiebout model. Moreover, as the reviewed literature shows, relaxing Tiebout’s assumption does ...

Article Reviews

Strategic HRM Practices and Their Impact on Company Performance in Chinese Enterprises
Summary

In the article Strategic HRM practices and their impact on company performance in Chinese enterprises, Akhtar, Ding, & Ge (2008) “examined the factorial validity of strategic human resource management practices and their effects on company performance” (Akhtar et al., p. 15) by sampling 465 Chinese organizations. They conducted a study using the best practices approach in order to determine the influence of HRM practices on company performance “in the context of Chinese enterprises using a large sample” (Akhtar et al., p. 16). The best practices approach included “internal ...