Identification Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Mass disasters are events that occur without warning and causes large number of deaths. These disasters may be natural, accidental or intentional. Natural disasters include calamities like earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding etc., while accidental disasters include building collapses, train and aircraft disasters. Intentional disasters are observed recently with acts of terror like bombing and other weapons of mass destruction.
The large number of human lives lost in these disasters requires identification. The forensic examination is not only for humanitarian reasons but also for possible criminal investigations. DNA analysis is one of the best methods for identification of individuals from ...

Abstract

Computed Tomography CT refers to an imaging procedure that has been popular over the last decade in the imaging of the human body. In coronary artery imaging, this procedure is called Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography (CTCA). This technique is used specifically in the imaging and assessment of the cardiac and coronary anatomy to determine if one has a coronary artery disease or to determine the extent to which the individual has been affected by the disease. This procedure is also used to evaluate the coronary arteries and their anatomy. There are also other methods or techniques that are used in ...

Literature Review of Security of RFID and GPS Devices

Introduction
The deployment of radio frequency identification (RFID) and global positioning system (GPS) is on the rise across several industries. RFID is used in traditional applications such as assets and inventory tracking. Presently, RFID technology is used in security services such as RFID embedded credit cards and electronic passports (Plunkett, 2012). RFID technology uses radio waves to identify objects and people. RFID devices read information contained in a wireless device commonly known as ‘tags’ from a distance without any physical contact. In a typical RFID communication, a clear line of sight is required. Although RFID technology was available from ...

ISO 14001:2004

ISO 14000 is a family of standards that have been created for environmental management. Their main purpose is to define standards and requirements in order to help organizations reduce their operations, which may have negative effect on the environment. This standard notably includes ISO 14001, which represents a core set of standards to be used by organizations in designing and implementing an effective environmental management system. The current version is ISO 14001: 2004. This standard sets a criterion for environmental management system. It does not describe the requirements for environmental performances, but has developed a framework that a company or organization can follow in ...

A person’s lip shape holds much more importance than being a mere facial feature. Older studies of Petajan et al. and more recent works of Daubias , Goecke , and Nakata & Ando , have shown that the movement of the mouth plays a crucial role in speech detection. The Audio Visual Speech Recognition or AVSR and Mobile Phone Visual System for the hearing impaired or MPVS multimedia systems also rely on visual lip reading to function effectively . Further, lip shape and prints can be used as evidence for identifying persons for criminal and forensic purposes. Lip prints of a person remain the same throughout ...

Raman spectroscopy is dependent on scattering of light. When light interacts with matter, energy exchange can take place through absorption, simulated emission, Raman scattering or spontaneous emission. In Raman scattering, the emitted photons have less energy and lower frequency in comparison with the absorbed photons. Some energy of the emitted photons is transferred to the molecules. Raman spectroscopy is a method which collects the chemical fingerprints associated with molecules. Every molecule has different levels of vibrational energy and the emitted photons experience shift in their wavelengths. The wavelength shifts are collected,examined and analyzed for sample identification. Raman spectroscopy ...

Overview: Overview: Antigen-antibody reactions are commonly used in immunological assays. In a traditional agglutination assay, the end product is a visible antibody-antigen complex that settles as visible particulate matter in the solution. In other cases, the reaction is invisible and wants the use of a specific enzyme or isotopic probes that can amplify the signal created by the antigen-antibody reaction, so that they can be detected with the naked eye or an ELISA/RIA reader1. Hemagglutination is a visible antigen -antibody assay in which soluble antibodies react with antigen on the surface of (red blood cell) RBC to form a ...

The title of the article covers the snapshot of what the contents of the research are. The title also has a section that focuses on the methodology and target population for the study. The specific aspects of the title create an idea of what the article will cover. The article does not have an abstract. On the contrary, it has summaries of the sections covered. These sections offer a shorter version of the article. The introduction provides a clear intention of the direction that the article will take. It also provides a background of the study and the anticipated ...

Ethics is the subject of particular importance for business organisation as well as for the whole social community. In modern era, in order to survive in challenging conditions of market economy, enterprise should implement ethics into all aspects of its functioning. The hypothesis which will be discussed within the research is that successful implementation of the ethics into the functioning of business organisation contributes significantly to the enhancement of the organisation’s performance. Numerous of researchers have presented studies devoted to the determining the importance of ethics to business organisations. In terms of this paper a set of different ...

i. Executive Summary; Proteomic analysis is the large scale experimental analysis of proteins and their structure that is being used by many industries. The Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are considered the primary source for recombinant therapeutics and antibodies. The Proteomic analysis is of prime importance in the CHO cells engineering. With other varied applications, especially in CHO cell engineering, where they are used to modify cells for desired functions. Proteomics has improved product standards and efficiency in many industries. (Baycin-Hezal, et al, 2012)
ii. Background Definition of Proteomics; Proteomics is the study of proteins. Proteomic analysis is ...

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY EVALUATION

Business Opportunity Evaluation
Introduction
Entrepreneurs are always surrounded with different types of ideas every moment. However, it is important for them to recognize ideas that can be converted into real business opportunity. Entrepreneurs should evaluate the commercial viability of the idea before execution of the idea into the market. There are various factors that impacts feasibility of the business opportunity in target market such as identification of the gaps existing in the market, competition level, requirements of the target customers, consumer buying behavior with regard to identified product or service, purchasing power of the target market, and ...

Heart failure’s context exemplifies the important role played by nurses in addressing social and health care challenges that confront aging populations. Heart failure (HF) is a common phenomenon throughout the world. Over two million patients in Japan, five million individuals in the US, and six million patients in Europe suffer from HF (Boisvert et al., 2015). Moreover, nearly one million people are diagnosed with the disease every year globally. The illness is further associated with an increase in the prevalence of various comorbidities and chronic conditions. Accordingly, cases of HF are complex and include an elevated risk of ...

Introduction

This literature review examines the patterns in female involvement and under-representation in the world of information technology and information systems. This will be the application of elements and aspects of a structured literature review and will cover three main areas:

Barriers to career development of women in information technology;
Methods of promoting the inclusion of women in information technology.
This literature review will focus on scholarly academic journals and articles. This will include the critical analysis and assessment of peer-reviewed journals that focus on the elements of women and their involvement in information technology and the attempts to build ...

Abstract

Risk management is undertaken differently in varied sectors. In a survey of 415 projects in Brazil, the revelation came out that hiring a risk manager or planning for risk enhances project success rate. However, risk means diverse things for different sectors. In IT, some risks are desirable, because they disrupt the status, making some people redundant and increasing the opportunities for the skilled. Hence, the path taken to manage risk in the IT field is different from how risk is managed in other areas. The construction industry is intensive in the use of resources, and risk management should be ...

Divorce cannot but influence children on the part of their psychological and thus physical state. It has harmful effects on young children, as well as on adolescents. These effects the person feels the whole life. However, there are short-time and long-time effects of parental divorce. This paper is a literature review, which observes some articles concerning the divorce effects on children.

Becoming Stronger at Broken Places

The article Becoming Stronger at Broken Places: A Model for Group Work with Young Adults from Divorced Families written by Sally M. Hage and Mia Nosanow particularly deals with long-term effects that divorce have on children. These effects ...

Personal Statement: Increasing Research Profile

Personal Statement: Increasing Research Profile
Excellent research informs on an individual’s career, and therefore dictates their success. Ensuring that people in various industries are aware of one’s efforts, which regards the eligibility of their research to get to the academic committee, is crucial for building their work and develop new opportunities in future. Several people have a vague perception that good work sells without exertion of any efforts (McGill-Franzen & Allington, 2010 p. 50). However, developing and a stable professional profile would automatically increase the impact of an individual’s work, facilitating for its credibility in larger audiences ( ...

I. Introduction

“Response to Intervention”, or “RTI”, is an academic technique applied to public schools in the United States that is designed to assist students with disabilities from elementary through high school level, with the purpose of enhancing their learning experience in mind. The objective is to help the child adjust and learn new ways to overcome their disadvantages and adapt to their educational surroundings in such a way that they, too, might achieve benchmark success for their grade level and age group demographic. Addressing the problem starts with the process of identifying the disability that affects the student. Disability ...

1. Introduction
The banking industry is one of the most important and crucial industries in any economy as they perform many vital financial functions associated with the development of the nation’s economy (Scott, 2007). The utility provided by banks to the customers determines the popularity of the bank in the market and likewise also has an impact on the competitive position of the bank in a particular market.
As banks are a part of the service industry, the competency of a given banks is largely dependent on the human resources employed in the organisation. This document analyses the aspect ...

Introduction

Safety is organizational requirement that helps in reducing risks to employees and customers. Organizations need to determine appropriate criteria that help in enhancing safety culture. Safety culture entails prioritization of safety measures within an organization through showing an obligation of security at different levels in the organization. Safety culture is part of the core values that all employees and customers should observe by performing their obligations. It incorporates characteristics and attitudes in an organization and individuals towards the creation of safety priorities and their significance. Safety initiatives are favourable with the existence of a workplace culture that reduces errors and ...

According to beauty oriented studies, averageness refers to the average phenotypic characteristics evident in a person. This is the facial outward appearance and one’s general appearance. They communicate about one’s fertility and health. A bigger proportion of the studies were based on photographic overlays in which the images are morphed together. Factors like youthfulness, similarity and symmetry are also considered when attractiveness is concerned.
There is a possibility of beauty not being in the eyes of the beholder. Beauty can be less arbitrarily considered as a cultural whims’ slave. Views on attractiveness do not vary across many races hence ...

In order to prevent the transmission of cryptosporidium to the public via public drinking water systems, various surveillance systems and regulations have been implemented hitherto, in order to increase the treatment of surface water supplies. Among these techniques is the molecular surveillance for the presences of cryptosporidium in water using PCR which resulted following the cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee Wisconsin in 1993 (Johnson, et al., 1995). The outbreak resulted in effective systems being implemented to improve the quality of water treatment globally as Mac Kenzie, et al., (1994) observes.
Guerrant, (1997) documents the onset of validation studies in Milwaukee ...

Abstract

Every business or enterprise has a group of risks that are associated with it thus probing the need to establish a risk management plan. If the risks are not mitigated, they can cause losses and other adverse effects to the business. The primary types of risks include accidents, injuries, errors and damage to facilities and equipment among others. Safety risk management refers to the identification, analysis and mitigation of hazards and risks that may affect the functioning of an organization. Before implementing a security risk management, there is the need to identify the risks and have mitigation strategies in ...

Chapter 2: Literature review

Introduction
This chapter presents the literature review appraisal that exists and is linked to work contentment and inspiration subjects and how these issues are closely related to industrial performance. The chapter discusses the concept of motivation, job satisfaction, and project management and employee satisfaction. Organizational performance as well as its continuity largely depends on critical assets, employees and the managers' capabilities to create and sustain motivating environments of the employees and other human assets. The primary challenge that managers are faced with today is keeping their human capital such as the employees satisfied and motivated. Therefore, all managers must ...

Vid30 complex participation in the degradation of CDC25 in yeast and their role in Ras/ cAMP/ PKA pathway

Background:
Unicellular organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae in its total life cycle is exposed to diverse and changing nutrient conditions. Thus, in order to survive and achieve a competitive advantage, it has adapted itself such that it not only uses the wide range of available nutrient sources but also the sources that are nutrient rich. It mainly uses fructose and glucose by rapidly fermenting to alcohol. In response to these nutrient conditions, the intracellular trafficking transcription and turnover of protein from nutrient transporters (e.g. Hxts) get regulated. Therefore, when the availability of the glucose increases, the expression of low- ...

Members of the elderly population experience a lot of negative changes in the body. The negative changes that they encounter are often related to aging and the degeneration-related physiologic changes associated with it, this was supported by a set of guidelines on malnutrition authored by Mauldin & Kelley. In this paper, the author discusses the different tenets of malnutrition, including the causes, of malnutrition among the elderly, drawing data and evidences from previously published studies.
It is not atypical for members of the allied medical fields, especially nurses, to encounter cases of elderlies experiencing malnourishment. In a study published in ...

Abstract

Eye movement tracking and analysis has gained popularity as a critical tool for evaluating interfaces and visual display. Existing tools and methods that are used in analyzing scan paths and eye movements are to a greater extent limited in the nature of tasks that they support. In particular, the tools used have been found ineffective in tracking large amounts of data that has high variations. Eye movement analysis has been used in psychology, medical research, advertising, and cognitive science. Today, using CCTV cameras, human eye gaze, and eye movement and blinking is relatively recorded with ease and with high ...

In "Cognitive Ergonomics: Understanding, Learning, and Designing Human-Computer Interaction" the authors discuss the applied aspect of cognitive science associated with the modeling of human cognitive activity that helps to solve practical problems in various areas. Chapter 1 "Human-computer interaction models and their roles in the design of interactive systems" shows the trends in the development of cognitive studies and emphasizes the relevance of applied aspects of cognitive science. Chapter 1 in "Cognitive Ergonomics: Understanding, Learning, and Designing Human-Computer Interaction" describes the conceptual framework of the application of cognitive research aimed at solving practical problems in various spheres of human ...

Young individuals experience a couple of changes that affect their behaviors and the way they interact with other people around them. During their adolescent period over 20% of young individuals experience depression disorders, which ends up influencing their mood, makes them pull away from joyful activities that individuals their age should engage in and have a negative attitude towards other people, events, and objects. According to Milne and Lancaster (2001), depression hails from various things such as failure of individuals to distinguish themselves from other people, distrustful relationships, and lack of proper parental care among others. This paper explains ...

perceived value

Literature Review

Concept of Perceived Value
Hajj is known as the annual pilgrimage to Makah performed by various religious followers of the Muslim religions all over the world. Hajjj is considered as one of the largest annual events in the planet and managing such an event as a very tedious endeavour (Osman & Shaout, 2014, p.25). In order to make such events to be as pleasant, safe and rewarding as possible for the participants, the governments of countries where such mega events take place are required to invest a substantial amount of national resources. Most of the participants are Muslims ...

Introduction

The several miscarriages of justice have been determined through the last years within the United Kingdom. However, current judicial system in the country is facing the radical question whether the justice system required the profound reformation. At first it should be said that miscarriage of justice represents the mishap and failure in achievement of certain goal. This failure exists in form of failure to attain the desired result which should be delivered by the state body having the judicial authority. The issue of efficiency in work of the Crown Prosecution Service in the prevention of the miscarriages in justice ...

Introduction

It is challenging to fathom exactly what drives people towards accomplishment in life, but there are some reasons to believe that both external and internal forces play significance roles in motivation. “Motivation is the particular word commonly used to describe the situation of self-determination” (Deci & Ryan, 2014). The theory of motivation developed by Deci and Ryan (2014), suggest that individuals are necessarily driven by the need to grow to gain personal fulfillment. However, where does that motivation stems from? Deci and Ryan (2014) explain that “self-determination influences people towards accomplishing such tasks." First, people's activities and efforts are usually ...

List of Figures

Figure 3.0.1 Feature extraction. VIII
Figure 3.0.2 Event processing. VIII
Figure 3.8.1 Basic Architecture of Bayesian Enabled Network XI

The Problem

Cloud Network security is very significant when it comes to online data and transactions. Attackers often examine vulnerabilities within the cloud system. There are malwares and viruses that can be easily detected and those that cannot be detected easily. With advance technology and increase in computing knowledge, network attackers use sophisticated software that can beat most antiviruses and firewalls hence accessing the system without anyone noticing them (Kumar, 2015). Malicious code also referred to as (malware) often grow ...

Improving The Efficiency of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Abstract
The Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to be an important pathogen among patients with prolonged confinement to the intensive care unit and longer hospital stays (Vincent, 2010). The virus is recognized to be a common form of the herpes virus, which the Centers for Disease Control described to be present in about 50% to 80% of the people in the United States who are in their 40’s (Mandal, 2014). The infection can actually affect children and adults alike, however the virus has the greatest impact among certain individuals, especially among children and those with a compromised immune system and ...

Literature Review

(Section)

Introduction

Between the periods 1980 to 1992, consumption of illicit drugs in the United States increased from 29% to 42% among 12th grade adolescence, and from 11% to 21% among eight grade students. Other statistics shows that in the 12th grade 80% are students on alcoholic. More than half of them have been doing it in the eighth grade; 75% had smoked cigarettes, of this group, 35% became habitual smokers. The greatest challenge is faced by families, who, no matter what their social or economic level, must devise strategies to help their adolescence. Studies have been done to prove ...

____of December, 2014

Tricyclic antidepressants vs Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in treatment of Depression

In recent decades, SSRIs have become the first-choice treatment for depression. The efficacy and acceptability, as well as cost-efficiency of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) versus the older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are studied by many researchers. Most of scholars agree that the both classes of antidepressants are almost equally efficient (Marton, 2003.) According to Marton (2003), a small trend towards greater efficacy of TCAs was found when the outcome was measured in terms of depression scales, and towards SSRIs – in terms of global impression scores.
But Faravelli and colleagues (2003) argue that in most studied cases, ...

Literature Review

LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Literature review involves a review of the secondary research literature to strengthen the theoretical concepts related to research and the insights provided by past researchers in the area. This section provides a detailed view of existing research literature on the topics related to the perceptions of employees on informal training practices and its possible impact on the job satisfaction. The literature review chapter develops the assessment of the information and research-based literature that was developed in the past that will guide the development of the research literature in the future. The section also provides a reference to ...

Hawkins, T. Charlotte., Flynn, L., & Clarke, P. S. (2008). Relationships between registered nurse staffing, process of nursing care, and nurse-reported patient outcomes in chronic hemodialysis units. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 35(2), 123- 145.
Cho, S. H., June, J. K., Kim, M. Y., Yoo, C. S., Yun, C. S., & Sung. H. Y. (2009). Nurse staffing, quality of nursing care and nurse job outcomes in intensive care units. Journal of clinical nursing, 18, 1729-1737. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The main aim of this study was to scrutinize the relationship between nurse staffing and nurse-rated quality of nursing care and the ...

Introduction

The article that formed the foundation of this analysis is “Taking patient history: the role of the nurse” by Tonks Fawcett T and Sarah Rhynas. The article was published in 2012 under the Nursing Standard Journal. The article examines the importance and skill in taking the history of patients before they are examined for ailments. In the contemporary nursing care provided, history taking, coupled with the right communication skills is what makes nursing care complete. The article goes into depth about the how the care is planned, the process of assessment and the how history taking facilitates all these ...

The advancement in molecular genetics and genomics and their application in the field of medicine will raise crucial socio-scientific issues. Science teaching has the objective of educating scientifically literate citizens while genetic and genomic technologies addresses the science courses. The prime goal of the educational policies in all industrialized societies is to provide science literacy in education. The Western world applies a similar set of scientific standards. The key role attributes to genes as determinants of health, behavior, and human identity. Molecular Genetics and Genomics (325) say that genetics is a scientific field with the concern of science literacy. The media ...

Abstract

In the current global environment, the emergence of technology and its availability throughout the world comes with significant advantages for the development of the business world, but also of the individuals’ life conditions. Technology creates an interdependency between the developed and developing or third world countries, in terms of request and demand for work force, which contributes to reducing the poverty levels and even the world hunger, due to business ventures such as outsourcing. While the rise of technology and communication allows for significant benefits for societies at a global level, it has also contributed to changing societies and the ...

Discussion and Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Surgical Inguinal Hernia Repair in Adults.

Abstract
There is an ever increasing number of hernia repair surgeries required likely due to decreasing levels of physical activity amongst young adults and concurrent muscle wastage in the abdomen. Time off from work, staffing issues at hospitals, and cost of hospital bed space are some of the issues associated with the high cost of open surgical methods. Wound infection, decreased mobility, and recurrence of the hernia are problems associated with all surgeries. The last thirty years has seen the advent of laparoscopy and minimally invasive techniques of surgical repair. These methods offer the promises of decreased surgical ...

2. Literature review
The phrase Quality of work life (QWL) according to Stephen and Dhanapal (2011); Bagtasos (2011), originates back in 19th century labor conference at Arden House, Columbia University. Stephen and Dhanapal states that people use the term to refer to the well-being of organization employees. Nevertheless, Normala (2010) uses business perspective to define QWL as employee satisfaction and their work related behaviors. Stephen and Dhanapal indicates that QWL also affects employees in the way they response to their work in terms of job performance, job effort, organization identification, job involvement, job satisfaction, personal alienation, intention to ...

Abstract

Tuberculosis, better known as TB, is an infectious disease that affects the global community. Its incidence rate has been significant in the New Zealand region where the disease is considered to be pandemic and has accrued a significant burden on the healthcare system for its demands on timely diagnosis and treatment. Although a decline of its incidence in New Zealand was noted, such decline halted sometime in the 1980’s and the rate of incidence becomes consistent thereafter and it remains to be an apparent health problem in the region which is highly associated with migration issues and other factors that ...

Introduction

Pharmaceutical companies should create and follow a standard operating procedure by implementing a cleaning validation to ensure future patient safety. Validation has received great attention by the FDA in recent inspections. Manufacturers must validate their cleaning process to ensure compliance with GMP regulations 1. One of the main keys in the manufacturing of dosage formulation is to develop cleaning procedures that will remove all types of residues from the equipment and containers. The goal of Cleaning Validation is to ensure effectiveness in cleaning equipment, and to prevent pollution and cross contamination of drug products to ensure the quality, safety; efficacy and ...

While the literature and interest in bilingualism in education in the Middle East remains new, it is widely practiced across the world either by design or by a complete accident. Many literatures ignore or only mention the Middle East in passing, possibly due to the perception that the Arab world homogenously used Arabic, and are even hostile against English, French, Germany and others. Karmani (2005) and Karmani and Pennycook (2005) in Gallagher (2011) deconstruct the evolution of rhetoric and attitudes towards English, which was inevitably associated with the US activities in the Arab world, besides the perceptions that is is a ...

Impact of Technology on Supporting First Grade Students’ Creative Thinking in Mathematics

Abstract:
This research provides an in-depth examination of the impact of technology in supporting the acquisition of mathematical creative thinking skills among first-grade student. It examines how technology can be properly integrated with mathematics to promote math’s performance without declining creative thinking skills in mathematics among the elementary students.
Social constructivism theory as the method of learning in first-grade mathematics students is advocated; it defines the developmental stages of a child and relates to his or her learning and problem-solving ability. Its requirements can properly be integrated to Computer-aided learning processes.
The value and importance of ...

Introduction to MRSA

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterial strain of S. aureus that that has developed a resistance to certain types of antibiotics, including methicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and amoxicillin (Farley 2008). The types of infections differ according to whether the MRSA infection was acquired in the hospital setting (HA-MRSA) or whether it was a community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infection. The most severe MRSA infections are those acquired in health care facilities and include infections of the bloodstream or surgical wounds, and pneumonia. MRSA bacteremia is often fatal, thus timely and aggressive intervention is critical in patients at high risk of death; for example, ...

The number of individuals in America who are exposed to traumatic has been growing in the recent past because of the effects that it causes. The traumatic situations have transformed into post traumatic stress disorder where the body becomes to sensitive to anything that can provoke pain. PTSD can be classified into various categories depending of the initial causes the trauma. Studies have shown that different types of trauma cause different effects to the society, individual and their families. The purpose of this study will be to provide a literature review on the link between family violence and combat post ...