Military Literature Reviews Samples For Students

The Chicago Tribune article titled High ranking US military officer goes on trial for sex charges had been published on March 4th 2014. The article is on the trail of Army Brigadier General Jeffrey Sinclair, who was earlier the deputy commander of the 82nd Airborne Division. Sinclair’s court martial is one of the few occurrences in the US armed forces that involved high ranking officers. He is only the third army general in over half a century to face court martial proceedings. The general, aged 51, is accused of forcing a junior woman officer to have sex and threatening her ...

English

Sennott, Charles . "Inside The Egyptian Military’s Brutal Hold on Power." PBS. PBS, 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/foreign-affairs-defense/revolution-in-cairo-foreign-affairs-defense/inside-the-egyptian-militarys-brutal-hold-on-power/>.
This is an online article from the PBS website. The article goes in-depth to talk about how the military in Egypt control about 30% of the country’s economy. The military in Egypt holds executive power. According to other retired military staff and most analysts, the military is not going to give up its executive power easily because the country continues to grow stronger economically. Egypt’s military control 30% of the country’s $180 billion ...

Literature Review on Carbon Fibers

This paper sums up a literature review on a unique and astounding development in the field of Science, known as carbon fibers. Although, they were discovered during late 1800s for the first time, their true potential was not realized until mid 20th century, and even today, researchers are experimenting over new areas of application for carbon fibers. The paper will further discuss; different areas of application, the composition, structure and characteristics of the carbon fibers used, along with a list of merits and demerits of using carbon fiber in place of a traditional alternative in modern engineering.

Carbon fibers have molded into many ...

The colonially constructed entity known as Afghanistan includes various erudite disagreements that are helping its quick decrease as a maintainable unit of political economy. American and other universal neo-provincial on-screen characters in and experts of Afghanistan have inherited and received British pioneer demeanor and activities at the nation. Therefore, the individuals of Afghanistan have been subjected to provincially defined understandings of themselves, and have yet to get the social and intelligent devices important to oppose and reject the inconvenience of the other's perspective of self (Kaifi&Mujtaba 2010).
The main parts of Western compositions on Afghanistan outline the provincial experience ...

Napoleon has proved to be the greatest military genius who employed tactics during his reign. Napoleon’s campaign formed the basis of military education throughout the entire western world-influencing majority of the military reasoning until date. Majority of the civil rampages have followed the methods of Napoleon and have ensured lots of success. Napoleon’s understanding of mass warfare in addition to his success in raising, organizing, and equipping the mass armies changed the war and the origin of the contemporary combat. In fact, few commanders or none at all before Napoleon fought more wars under distinctive weather conditions, ...

Introduction

In the article by Bennett and Stam, they present an event history model on war duration. The model incorporates both domestic political and real politics variables. The main focus of the article is to establish that factors such as government type, capabilities, terrain, and strategies play a central role of determining war duration. The authors use hazard analysis to test their hypotheses and to be able to support the main arguments. The study found out that war duration is strongly determined by real politics variables and not behavior or type of government. The authors note that there is little empirical ...

Introduction

The novel Goodbye Mr. Chips was written by James Hamilton in the early 20th century. It is about a teacher called Mr. Chipping. He gets enrolled Brookfield but there is no mention of what subject he teaches. He finds a hard time connecting with the students after which he resorts to punishing them. This appears to have some effect as the students finally give him the respect that he deserves. During his teaching in Brookfield, he meets with a woman, Katherine, who after getting to know each other better gives him the nickname, Mr. Chips. These two finally fall in love with ...

According to (Heather and Cobb-Clark, 2006), sexual harassment is one of the issues that affect the workplace in the modern society. The consequences associated with sexual harassment include: reduced psychological well-being, physical health problems and symptoms of traumatic stress (Anonymous, 2010). Erin, (2006) argues that in the military, these conditions are becoming common, and violate all the United States Army purports to represent. Sexual harassment and sexual assault refer to conditions whereby sexual contact is intended through circumstances where force, threats, intimidation or abuse of authority are applied (Anna, 2012). On a wider scale it may include situations such as ...

Abstract

Throughout the known history of organizational development, the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of leadership has always been included in some of the most important discussions. There is an abundance of literature relating leadership to organizational outcomes and performance. The consensus, according to this literature, supports the notion that leadership is one of the most important indicators of organizational success. In this paper, the author conducts a review of related literature exploring the use of the Big Five Personality Traits Paradigm and Leadership Style theories when it comes to examining the differences (if any) between military and restaurant business leadership. ...

The subject of women in combat is one of the least studied in the history and the literature. This topic is very important in the context of gender and many other issues. For many years, researchers have been interested in the issues of women as the part of one of the most terrible events in the world. As it is known from the ancient times, war is a men's business, and nobody have doubted in this fact. Moreover, women always acted as passive victims, i.e. "damsels in distress", having secondary importance at war. However, many researchers, who have studied ...

Abstract

This proposal presents a plan for the study of how inter-ethnic conflicts develop in newly decolonized countries around the world. The preliminary literature review shows that these states have volatile constitutions and the poor or non-existent separation of powers causes the country to marginalize its minority ethnic groups. This leads to failed policies on integration and the homogeneity of the military. The poor and unresponsive intervention of the Executive arm of government in a bad situation causes minorities to pick up arms and seek their right.
This paper proposes that the findings of the preliminary literature review be tested on ...

This scandal took place at the time of Iraq War from late 2003 to the early period of 2004.This scandal entailed cases of human rights violation by the soldiers and the Central Intelligence Agency of the U.S. The soldiers tortured the prisons in Abu Ghraib prison. The prisoners were tortured, raped, sodomized, physically and sexually abused by the military personnel of the U.S Army. This scandal came to the attention of the media early in 2004 when the Taguba report was released. This attracted the public attention in April 2004.The aspects of torture and abuse by the military of ...

Literature Review

This section review literature on the responsibility of Western Powers on Civil Wars as well as Rebellion within Eastern and Central Africa. From the reviewed materials, it is evident that the style of Western administration on the African continent left African countries unprepared economically as well as politically for independence. For that reason, it undermined the state of security within most countries from their start of self-governance.
The influence of Europe within Africa has contributed significantly in establishing conditions within many countries for rebellion and civil conflict to take place. The Western powers treat African states as strategic economic ...

Literature Review: Body Armor Overview

Literature Review: Body Armor Overview

- Body Armor: Introduction

- History

In modern times, security forces and military personnel use body armor to mitigate the likelihood of serious injury while engaged in their professional activities. However, the use of body armor is by no means a new phenomenon. From the earliest times that man developed weapons, he has also produced means of providing protection against weapons wielded by others, including the use of body armor.
Early man used comparatively primitive methods, but as civilizations developed and techniques advanced, body armor evolved. Whilst the soldiers of ancient Greece used shields ...

Literature Review: Body Armor Overview

Literature Review: Body Armor Overview
- Body Armor: Introduction
- History

In modern times, security forces and military personnel use body armor to mitigate the likelihood of serious injury while engaged in their professional activities. However, the use of body armor is by no means a new phenomenon. From the earliest times that man developed weapons, he has also produced means of providing protection against weapons wielded by others, including the use of body armor. Early man used comparatively primitive methods, but as civilizations developed and techniques advanced, body armor evolved. Whilst the soldiers of ancient Greece ...

INTRODUCTION

The evolution of motion sensors dates back to the evolution of man. It is said to have used by man to calculate the movement of stars to determine the best crop-growing season. Motion sensors gained their popularity during the World War II. The significant increase in demand for detection and monitoring during the World War II generated technological advancements in motion sensing. Radar, which was invented several decades earlier, was being fully developed during the war, to detect the motion of aircrafts. Although the development of radar systems was a great leap forward, it was limited only to military use. ...

The issue of conservation has been dominating the agenda of environmentalists in the recent decades, and the two articles under consideration provide insights into adverse and side effects of forest conservation and establishment of biosphere reserves. Generally, Paul Greenough discusses advantages and flaws of biosphere reserves and protected area networks that have been a crucial purpose of conservationists. The author argues that enclosing new territories of forests into protected areas and reserves allows not only for survival of animal and plant species but also for blossoming criminal activity. Providing examples of Mexican biosphere reserves and India’s Project Tiger ...

Literature Review: Politics and Democracy

Politics in the society always faces numerous cases of controversies that occur from time to time. Cases of corruption and misappropriation of funds are most common in public facilities. According to Priest & Hull (2007), the corruption case at the Walter Reed medical center has seen misappropriation of funds meant to ensure that injured soldiers receive quality care from the medical personnel. The corruption case, which was revealed in 2007 by the Washington Post newspaper, occurred at an army’s top medical facility where the wounded soldiers sought treatment. According to the article by Washington Post’s staff writers, the ...

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Airport Development
2.2.1 Airport History
The history of the development of airports worldwide dates back to the late 1800s with the first ever professionally functional airport according to NYC Aviation (2012) was developed in the outskirts of Paris dubbed Port Aviation. This fact is however indispute since other factions lay claims to being the world’s first or oldest airport. For instance according to Prince George’s Department of Parks and Recreation (2010) College Park Airport in Maryland is the oldest airport that is functional to this day having been established in 1909 ...

The complete failure of the Arab nations to form a national narrative for the purpose of unification and the establishment of contemporary egalitarian polities happens to be the primary cause behind the ongoing socio-political explosion in the Arab world in recent times. Unity is no longer the major goal and the construction of a society that is capable of mobilizing its resources to combat backwardness and enhance the financial condition of the state has taken a backseat. The elite class has instead tried to enforce a brand of unity via Islam and Arab nationalism that has alienated portions of the population not present ...

Megan Ybarra and Paul Greenough examines the politics of ecology management in different academic works. The two works have similarities and contradictions between them, with some of the arguments rhyming with the popular beliefs while others are contradictory. In the article titled Bio-Ironies of the Fractured Forest appearing on the Series called In Search of The Rain Forest, Mr Greenough examines different hypotheses on conservation and the relationship between the wildlife and human beings which he refers to as “bio-ironies”). The first bio-irony discussed is that the modern exercise of conservation banishes conventional inhabitants of the forest only to ...

Literature Review of Security of RFID and GPS Devices

Introduction
The deployment of radio frequency identification (RFID) and global positioning system (GPS) is on the rise across several industries. RFID is used in traditional applications such as assets and inventory tracking. Presently, RFID technology is used in security services such as RFID embedded credit cards and electronic passports (Plunkett, 2012). RFID technology uses radio waves to identify objects and people. RFID devices read information contained in a wireless device commonly known as ‘tags’ from a distance without any physical contact. In a typical RFID communication, a clear line of sight is required. Although RFID technology was available from ...

The territory of the modern Romania in the middle ages was captured by the Slavs (VI century), Bulgarians and Hungarians in the IX century, the Mongol-Tatars in the XIII century. In the XIV century, the territory of present-day Romania was formed by two feudal principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which were conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the XVI century. In the XVI century, the Transylvanian principality was founded, which has left the Hungarian authorities and recognized the suzerainty of the Turkish sultan. In comparison with other Balkan territories, captured by the Ottomans, Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania retained greater ...

INFORMATION SHARING AND DECISION MAKING IN HUMANITARIAN NGOS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Information Sharing and Decision Making in Humanitarian NGOs Supply Chain Management
4. Information Sharing
4.1. Concept and importance
Information sharing is one main driver in supply chain management, representing the basis of the entire supply chain management, as it provides the required data for the supply chain management (SCM) to make decisions (Ma, 2011). In a supply chain management, information sharing represents a form of coordination, connecting the members of the supply chain through various available technologies (Choi, 2010). Ma (2011, p. 876) defines information sharing in supply chain as an activity that facilitates the communication among partners ...

The Paris Peace Accords were signed on January 27 1973 between the United States (US) government, South Vietnam then politically known as the Republic of Vietnam, North Vietnam known officially as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the PRG or the Provisional Revolutionary Government which represented interests of revolutionary groups residing in South Vietnam. The purpose of the accord was to end the Vietnam War and bring peace to war-ravaged Vietnam. In particular, the accord was aimed to end direct involvement of American military in the war and stop the wars between South and North Vietnam (Griffith, 42). When ...

LITERATURE REVIEW: UNITED STATES ENERGY INDEPENDENCE

Question: How the concerns relating to the exploration of Shale gas were mitigated.

The issue of energy independence is a subject of debate that has dominated US politics for several decades. Virtually, every President since Richard Nixon to Barack Obama have pledged allegiance to assisting the United States realize the goal of energy dependence. Policy debates tend to focus on the strategies that could be implemented to minimize US’s dependence on foreign oil. Homans (2012) argues that the United States has remained independent on imported oil despite increasing demands for energy anxiety across the globe. According to Miller (2010), ...

LITERATURE REVIEW: UNITED STATES ENERGY INDEPENDENCE

The issue of energy independence is a subject of debate that has dominated US politics for several decades. Virtually, every President since Richard Nixon to Barack Obama have pledged allegiance to assisting the United States realize the goal of energy dependence. Policy debates tend to focus on the strategies that could be implemented to minimize US’s dependence on foreign oil. Homans (2012) argues that the United States has remained independent on imported oil despite increasing demands for energy anxiety across the globe. According to Miller (2010), most Americans agree that America’s dependence on foreign oil particularly the Middle ...

Throughout Sappho’s poetry, one can hear a vibrant, yet somewhat melancholic voice that brings out sentiments of love and affection correlated with powerful natural imagery. The verses reflect a certain communion between love, reflection, natural symbolism and the act of communicating with the gods. It is both spiritually soothing and enlightening to read Sappho’s poetry, even though the bittersweet feeling of yearning is persistent in her lyrics. At the same time, Sappho’s verses are sensual and daring – no bashful tone resides in her expression of true and powerful emotions. Moreover, a nice feeling of intimacy is established between the ...

US Mexico relationship

The relationship between United States of America and Mexico is a complex love-hate relationship. The kind of rapport both the neighboring countries share is unique and reason behind such complex relationship is the huge disparity between both the countries. Various international policy analysts suggest that since the disparities between the two countries are in a large number and in all the fields the situation becomes difficult for the weaker one. This disproportion between the two countries is visible in all the fields, whether it is economy, size, technology, military strength, international ties and reputation or be it any other field; Americans ...

Literature Review

Impact Mitigation

Intelligent locomotive bumper designs have been touted as possible life-savers for pedestrians. Paden, Kelly, Hines, Botham and Simms explored the feasibility of a life-saving locomotive bumper (103). There were several motivations behind their paper. Perhaps the most important one was the high number of pedestrians that were killed every year in train impacts. Between the years 2007 and 2012, about 10,950 non-suicide deaths were attributed to train impact on humans. Including suicide deaths on railroads, 28,800 pedestrians were killed during that 6-year period. Also, Paden et al., noted that passenger trains served densely populated areas ( ...

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to show how the western media reported the Sino Japanese war and how China and Japan were portrayed. Several news reports portray the Chinese as being aggressive and violent individuals thus presenting the perception of the Chinese as being less victimized in the war. In contrast, the western media portrays the Japanese as being a rational and courteous group of people while their negative roles and atrocities in both world war II and Sino Japanese war have been overlooked. This paper will further identify the underlying reasons for ideological inclinations of wartime reporting. ...

There is a picture of Arthur Klobe standing at attention, hanged at the entrance of the Greatest Generation display at the Minnesota History Museum in St. Paul. Born 1919 in Young America, Klobe was among World War II strategist. He was the child of Alice and Herman Klobe and sister to Marguerite Paplow. He is well remembered for his straight forward personality and natural presence. It can be said that he enjoyed quite a long life in which he accomplished a lot as a result of his endless curiosity.
After pursuing his first degree from the University of Minnesota, ...

The lecture, conducted by Dr. Dolapo Adeniji-Neil at the Adelphi University, gives us an insight into the problems experienced by internally displaced people in the contemporary world. The lecture material does not remind an excerpt from the history book about the events unfolding in a certain country, but makes the audience develop a sympathetic and respectful attitude to people who suffer from the situations that do not depend on them. Being internally displaced herself, the lecturer engages the audience into the topic with the help of real life stories that sound truly terrifying for people who do not face ...

Even though the building of cities has a long and a correspondingly complex history, the concept of city planning as an organized profession has only been around for less than a century (Garvin). Practiced under several names (town, community, urban land use, or physical environment planning), most cities in the current modernistic concept of planning display considerable degrees of forethought and conscious design not only in their physical layout but also in their functioning. Today, the building of cities is done for several reasons that bear in mind the diversity potential of urban forms and the complex functions that ...

Question 1

In Japanese Literature, the recourse to dialect and specific reference to literature functions has been developed in specified images. Both works of art are equally striking, and for this reason readers in particular are taken to a high level of understanding of not only general English literature, but Japanese Literature as well. Both writers employ the use of skillful understanding of long tradition of works that have been withdrawn familiarly from classical Japanese literature. Both of the authors’ visits gloom in the city and gloom in the country and for account of my hut visit, the great medieval classics ...

Islam

The root causes of Islam terror can be traced back to the factors that inform ideologies. Islam terror is based on an ideology. There are two root causes of Islamic terror. One is Islam and the second one is Islamism. Islam is the religious faith and belief of the Muslim people. It is informed by the words and acts of the holy prophet Mohammed. Islam is, however, a lot more than this. It is also the historical aspects of the faith, its literature and texts and leaders. It also incorporates the interpretation of these books and literature. It is ...

The nature versus nurture debate has been raging for decades and even today, it still elicits mixed reactions from different people. This concept presents the cosmic conflict between ethics and environmental surroundings and influences as the essential aspects that govern and determine a person’s behavioral conduct. One side proposes that at birth, the brain is a clean slate that is open to a great deal of influences, and it is these surrounding influences that govern a person’s behavioral traits. The contrasting side proposes that a person’s behavioral capabilities are encoded in the person’s DNA. This person is limited to a given ...

Literature Review

Abstract and citation
The title played a critical role in identifying the authenticity of the text in the research work. Case in point is that cases of diabetes have been documented extensively among the people not to mention the psychosocial issues that affect them (Cammarata et al., 2009). The Abstract clearly states the specific details that are in the main body and introduces the reader to the insights and the points of discussion. The research problem in the study is based on the effect of psychosocial problems in causing diabetes among the young people. One of the single most ...

Literature Review

Given the nature of this paper, the literature review will be divided into themes and the relevant literature will be analyzed accordingly. There is a huge body of work from diverse sources related to this topic as it has had a lasting impact not only on the Middle East but also on world diplomacy in the past 40 years. The greatest legacy of the war was its shaping of people’s perceptions of the two sides of the faction. The ideas of underdog and top dog have dominated the conflicts in the Middle East for decades. After the creation of Israel ...

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The jet engine was one of the most important inventions of the 20th century. It brought a complete change in aviation and flight.

Jet engines can be classified into 5 types, namely : the turbofan, turboprop and the turbojet.

This paper compares the efficiency of turboprop engines and turbojet engines.
Before going into the details, we should discuss the basic difference between the two.
A turboprop (short for Turbo Propeller) engine uses a gas turbine core to run a propeller. The main source of thrust from the engine is the large mass of air that propeller pushes. This accounts for about 80% of ...

Abstract

The first article majorly focuses on the factors that lead to the lengthening of the duration of the civil war between the government and the rebel protagonists. Many factors are taken into account. This paper is based on the religious and spiritual factors that influence the decision making of a legislator. It majorly emphasizes on the facts that the religious belief of the legislator, the religious credence of the citizens and the spiritual views of the board of the legislator mainly influence the decision making regarding the state. It also focuses on the transition towards democracy, its sustainability and importance ...

Introduction

One of the byproducts of urban growth and development is the waste production. As per the report of the World Bank (2013), OECD countries produce almost half of the world's waste, while South Asia and Africa are listed as the regions producing the least amount of waste. The Basel Convention defines 'wastes' as substances or objects that need to be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of national law. European Waste Catalogue shows 850 types of wastes out of which 420 types of wastes have been classified as hazardous waste. Hazardous wastes are those wastes considered to be ...

What is terrorism and why is it difficult to define?

There is no applicable definition that can be used to define the term terrorism; it is more of activities that are inhuman and exposes the lives of every human being to great danger. According to Hoffman, activities like assassination of a head of state, bombing of a building, poisoning of produce on a supermarket shelf and massacre of civilians by military unit, are all described and regarded as exceptional incidences of terrorism. Terrorism can also be labeled as organized crime syndicates, abhorrent act of violence that is channeled towards innocent civilians and extortionist or individual psychotics. Schmidt defines terrorism as a combination of ...

The urge to tackle the reception of the arts is what differentiates the criticism Daniel Mendelsohn has on the United 93 film that depicts the happenings of September 2001 in the US. He has mastered the ability to pen down his reviews as commentaries in a cultural manner. His article September 11 at the Movies is one artistic response to the film United 93 that defines that day. Moments before the towers got hit; Daniel says his mind was on a classical Greek drama the Aeschylus’ Persians that is a true example of a real historical event (Mendelsohn, 43). This thought is what ...

Literature Review covering Media and Politics

Introduction
Media and politics come hand in hand because they combine to convey information to the public. Media is defined as the channel in which information is stored and transmitted to the population. The media has been given different names such as mass media or the news media. The media has many advantages and disadvantages that could end up ruining the country and corrupting the youth. Politics is defined as the practice of influencing people so as to do their civic duty in the society (Safire, p.566). By influencing people certain people are able to gain position of ...

Abstract 3

Toxic Leadership 4
Introduction 4
Research Purpose and Questions 5
Research purpose 5
Research questions 6
Literature Review 7
Characteristic and behavior of toxic leaders 8
Effects of toxic leadership 9
Can toxic leaders change? 10
Findings 10
Conclusions 11

References 13

Abstract
Toxic leadership in the society has been influential in setting bad precedent for organizations and groups of people. Toxic leaders are led by personal vendetta which seeks to enrich themselves at the expense of their followers. This has led to conflicts among employees as the behavior of ...

Personal Health Records

Personal Health Records
Personal health records (PHRs) are collections of information related to a person’s health that are generally maintained by the individual patient or consumer (Mayo Clinic, 2011). PHRs can be provided by many sources, including hospitals, physicians, corporate vendors, employers, insurers, or the government. PHRs have been praised as a tool that could greatly enhance the quality of medical care provided, because critical background information could be immediately available about a patient (Mayo Clinic, 2011). However, it remains that for the general population, adoption of PHRs is far from universal, with an estimated 7% user rate, according to a ...

“AND you say that a man cannot, of himself, understand what is goodand evil; that it is all environment, that the environment swamps theman. But I believe it is all chance. Take my own case . . ."
A.Leo Tolstoy— the Short Story, “After the Ball.”
B.Tolstoy wrote this story to reveal to the readers that anyone with a conscience is able to distinguish between good and evil. It may be a chance occurrence that gives one the revelation. One can use the insight thus gained to avoid evil because it brings pain to other human beings.
C.The quote works as the ...

In contrast to the image that the title of this book brings about and the prejudiced idea in our mind about how it is overwhelmingly difficult to end poverty in the distant or near future, Jeffrey Sachs’s The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time provides an honest, uncomplicated strategy for ending poverty that is appealing to both common sense and logic. Sachs provides conclusive proof that in our time, poverty can only be alleviated through a major shift in assistance policy. Yet, in contrast to many who think it is impossible to solve the challenges in Asia ...

Introduction According to Taylor (2006), a ship leaving Shanghai today will arrive in Lobito, one of the largest Angolan ports, after exactly six weeks. One then wonders, why the tight financial and commercial links between Angola and China? Despite the geographical distance between the two nations, their financial win-win relationship has been remarkably stable for over a decade now. The essence of the relationship is the crude oil in Angola. Currently Angola is the biggest competitor taking on Nigeria in the oil business in Africa. According to Naidu and Marks (2010), intelligence reports relating to the year 2009 indicated that unrefined ...

The short story cathedral revolves around two men, Robert and the narrator. The narrator’s wife and Robert have not met for the past ten years but have maintained a close contact. The actual context of the story is in the narrator’s house, where Robert is coming to visit after losing his wife. Robert is visiting his wife’s parents when he thinks of visiting the narrator’s wife. The narrator is not enthusiastic about the visit but has to contend with it anyway. The narrator gives a background of his wife, how he had met the blind man and ...

Introduction

War has been argued to be a force that is responsible for the punctuation of our life, binding us to our inconsistence moral failing. Diplomats consider war to be the very last resort after other alternatives have been comprehensively exhausted in an attempt to attain consensus in the event of a disagreement between parties (Hedge).

This kind of war that is as a result of exhaustion of other available options in a bid to arrive at a consensus is what is termed as just war, since its conduction is justified by the failure of other available options to establish agreements between disagreeing parties.

Some ...