Pattern Literature Reviews Samples For Students

1. Biot’s respiration named after Camille Biot is an abnormal ataxic breathing pattern, where rapid series of shallow respiration are followed by a period of apnea. In order to known how AMP kinase, knock down leads to Biot respiration in mice; it is necessary to known how AMP kinase affects respiratory rate. AMP kinase is a metabolic sensor and is activated in response to stretching of the lung alveolar cells and other stressors. During respiration, the lung goes through cycles of expansion and contraction (Budinger et al., 2008). When the alveolar cells stretch during expansion, the 5′ AMP-activated ...

INTRODUCTION

The evolution of motion sensors dates back to the evolution of man. It is said to have used by man to calculate the movement of stars to determine the best crop-growing season. Motion sensors gained their popularity during the World War II. The significant increase in demand for detection and monitoring during the World War II generated technological advancements in motion sensing. Radar, which was invented several decades earlier, was being fully developed during the war, to detect the motion of aircrafts. Although the development of radar systems was a great leap forward, it was limited only to military use. ...

Group dynamics is arguably one among the toughest topics because according to psychologists, groups cannot be studied through a unilateral approach. Human beings are quite different in terms of reasoning and opinion. This way, they tend to perceive things differently. This is the explanation behind the fact that mob psychology and group decision making are tougher and time consuming as compared to individual psychology and decision making. In a group – be it at the work place or in the school setting – making decisions is difficult for the simple reason that establishing a consensus in group is a difficult idea (Levi, 2011). There will ...

Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper was published in 1892. The story introduces a candid female protagonist who’s isolation from society, and from her writing, drives her insane. Written from a first person perspective, the story allows the reader to become personally involved with the narrator. Gilman uses symbolism throughout the story, two examples of which are the wallpaper and the wallpaper pattern. The story reveals interesting clues about how mental illness was treated at the time, and how women in particular were repressed by society. Through the use of a first person narrator and symbolism, Gilman ...

Abstract

Eye movement tracking and analysis has gained popularity as a critical tool for evaluating interfaces and visual display. Existing tools and methods that are used in analyzing scan paths and eye movements are to a greater extent limited in the nature of tasks that they support. In particular, the tools used have been found ineffective in tracking large amounts of data that has high variations. Eye movement analysis has been used in psychology, medical research, advertising, and cognitive science. Today, using CCTV cameras, human eye gaze, and eye movement and blinking is relatively recorded with ease and with high ...

Control Valves

A valve is a control device that is utilized in adjusting the flow rate of a fluid in a pipe (Doddannavar, Barnard, and Ganesh, 2005). This implies that the flow rate will change as the valve opens and closes either partially or fully, thus providing some obstruction to some extent (Rennels and Hudson, 2012). The valve comprises a flow passage in which the flow area can be varied. Operation of valves in most scenarios is manual. In cases where the valves are operated automatically, electromechanical actuators are used. The electromechanical actuators can include electric motors or pneumatic actuators that are motorized by air ...

Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper places a woman into an insane Victorian environment for the purpose of demonstrating the insanity of the insanity of the Victorian Woman. It is an ingenious plan to “show” rather than “tell” the repercussions of a social construct that respected and repressed women at the same time.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman is one of the most intelligent of the early feminist writers. Having published over 200 writings, she blatantly blows the collar of Victorian imagery off the necks of women everywhere. When Gilman started writing, the role of women was to act “as ...

The purpose of the proposed study is to look into the issues concerning communication that arise due to the increasing use of mobile phones in society. communication among children, specifically the role of mobile technology in threatening to change the future generation’s patterns of communication. The prevalent use of mobile phones among children presents positive but also negative influences on this population. The continuous development of technology is a potential threat on disrupting and changing communication patterns in our interconnected world.

Refined Literature Review

The information technology revolution and an extraordinary increase in knowledge have led to the development of a new era ...

According to beauty oriented studies, averageness refers to the average phenotypic characteristics evident in a person. This is the facial outward appearance and one’s general appearance. They communicate about one’s fertility and health. A bigger proportion of the studies were based on photographic overlays in which the images are morphed together. Factors like youthfulness, similarity and symmetry are also considered when attractiveness is concerned.
There is a possibility of beauty not being in the eyes of the beholder. Beauty can be less arbitrarily considered as a cultural whims’ slave. Views on attractiveness do not vary across many races hence ...

Introduction

Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy is a physical disability that results from damage to the brain during development that negatively impacts the functional development of children14. Characteristics of cerebral palsy include an inability to control the body’s motor functioning with a potential to affect speech, learning, environmental exploration, and the skills required for independent living. In addition, these patients have delays in reaching milestones for gross motor development with problems moving such as weakness, spasticity, and impaired selective motor control27. Children born with the disability have varying levels of impairment, and while it usually develops by age three, it ...

Literature Review

Literature Review

Introduction

Machine learning techniques are based on an explicit or implicit model that enables categorize established patterns analyzed. A unique feature of these schemes is the need to train labeled data model behavior, this being a process that demands resources. Many machine learning-based schemes have been applied to NIDS. Some of the most important are Bayesian networks, Markov models, neural networks, fuzzy logic techniques, genetic algorithms, and clustering and outlier detection (Carbonneau, et. al., 2008, pp. 1140-54).
The task of automatic text classification is based on building and using machines called supervised learning. The process of creating an ...

Innovative Enterprise

Investment in innovation has always been thought of as an organizational process that aims at utilizing resources that are productive enough in order to create economic growth of an enterprise. According to Lazonick, investment in these productive resources usually establish a suitable foundation for economic growth (Lazonick, 2). Schumpeter, in his theory of Economic Development, noted that there is a purpose and need for every enterprise to invest in ‘superior’ productive resources that can create new set of goods using different processes of production (Schumpeter, 7). These, as he noted, must be investments geared towards innovation.
Enterprise innovation is indeed ...

Introduction

Heritage planning primarily involves the development, preservation, and restoration of heritage sites. Heritage sites come in different forms and one of which is the historic living city. Essentially, the historic living city pertains to towns or cities that grow alongside the development of urban spaces. It contributes or influences development in various disciplines such as heritage planning and architecture among others, and components or segments of human life be it cultural, economic, social, and political life (Bandarin & van Oers, 2012; Serageldin, Shluger, & Martin-Brown, 2001; Weyeneth, 2000). Historic living cities also bear specific qualities and characteristics, which is why defining ...

Analysis of relative success of Maintenance model in Turkey

Background to study
Shockingly, there are no support benefits in Turkey that gives the majority of the required maintenance services. For instance, to repair issues with power, an expert ought to be called. On the other hand, on the off chance that you are having issues with water; an alternate professional ought to be called. Since there are no associations that provide these services from a solitary call focus, individuals need to call distinctive professionals and get an arrangement which brings about losing significant time.
Likewise, upkeep issues stays as an issue for organizations. Confronting an issue in a ...

Body armor, not a new phenomenon, has been progressively used by security and military forces to mitigate serious injuries during their professional activities. Soft body armor and hard body armor design became more effective against projectiles and stabbing, and light in weight for the comfort of wearers’ activities. Originally developed by the Japanese, soft body armor is constructed of woven or ballistic resistant fabrics and can surpass 30 layers. In 1970s, the manufacture of Kevlar® was sponsored by the National Institute of Justice. Modern hard body armor is much lighter and effective since it has a large amount of new generation ...

Abstract

The purpose of this discussion is to determine the relationship between human papillomavirus type 16 and the incidence of cervical cancer in adult women. As such, prevalence and distribution of cervical cancer will be discussed, as will the current literature regarding the correlation between and potential causative effects of human papillomavirus type 16 on cervical cancer. Some of the studies examined in this discussion focus almost entirely on specific populations, but this discussion will focus on a more global, universal approach to the correlation between HPV-16 and cervical cancer. The literature reviewed in this discussion focuses primarily on discoveries and ...

Applied behaviour analysis and animal behaviour

According to (Bekoff, 2013), behaviour analysis refers to a scientific approach that helps an individual to understand why animal and people do and behave the way they do. After studying behaviour analysis an individual develops the capacity to understand how both human beings as well as animal’s behaviours are affected by the various events that take place. This includes the event that are there in their physical and their social environments. Teacher’s researchers and parents make use of behaviour analysis to tell how the physical and social environment impacts on behaviour change.
The study of behaviour analysis ...

Introduction

The rate of divorce has increased over the years. Research indicates that for every three marriages that take place in today’s society, one of them ends in divorce (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011). Furthermore, the majority of the families that divorce have children. Consequently, divorce causes various impacts on children depending on how they perceive it and what kind of life they lead after it occurs in comparison with the past. Some children often take the blame on themselves for being responsible for their parents’ divorce and this will have devastating impact on their lives. Mostly, ...

The first step in prioritizing healthcare resources is to estimate the burden of disease. High-income countries have reliable systems to assess the causes of death in the population; however, mid- and low-income countries do not have such systems in place, and mortality rates from a specific disease have to be extrapolated from incomplete data. Several studies have approached the problem of estimating the burden of disease by using a variety of methods to determine which diseases are responsible for the most deaths, which countries are carrying the highest burden of disease and death, and which populations are at the highest risk ...

English Articles

Articles in English typically depend on the noun that they are supporting. With that in mind, it is necessary to classify them appropriately in order to know what article to use at what time. Nouns are typically classified into two different types - common and proper nouns. By determining which noun you are supporting with an article, you can find out which article to use.

Common nouns include things that are both 'count' and 'noncount' nouns (noncount nouns cannot be divided into parts, and must be considered a whole). Counting nouns, on the other hand, are people, places or things ...

The demographic profile

As it has been indicated by Kumar et al (2014) in the scope of their study, the lion share of the statistical data on demographic profile of epilepsy from both developed and developing countries may be referred as a retrospective one. It means that there is an insignificant number of the studies, which pertain to the selected age group – children in the current realities of the 21st century (Garzon et al 237-245).
As it was indicated by Garzon et al (2003), the core limiting factor in this case is the access to the professional health care services in the ...

2.0 Introduction
As identified in the first chapter of the dissertation, this study will seek to examine the elements of luxury goods positioning and branding. This will aim at examining the cultural settings in purchasing these luxury products in the British and Kazakhstani contexts. This literature review will analyse authoritative sources and ground-breaking definitions that relate to core concepts and theories in the area of luxury fashion and branding.
2.1 Positioning Strategies for Luxury Brands
“Brand vision and the culture, personality relationships and presentation are key components of corporate branding that builds brand identity” . Luxury fashion and products are ...

Introduction

The fishing industry is a diverse industry that includes many activities and practices concerning fish and has been in existence for many decades. Nonetheless, the industry over the years has been faced with a wide range of issues with the most critical being environment issues. The environmental issues have thus resulted in the threat of aquatic life, particularly the fish family. The survival of lobsters particularly in Maines, New England in this regard has been forced to depend on water temperatures, the cleanliness of the of the habitat and the increasing concerns about the rising cases of the lobster ...

Abstract

This paper presents a literature review on the effects of autism in early childhood development. Autism is a brain development disorder that has extremely debilitating effects on communicative and social development. Children suffering from autism exhibit different development patterns from their peers and develop at a much lower pace. They face considerable difficulties in understanding the feelings of others, as well as in interacting. These challenges can have adverse impacts on how they learn and develop. The symptoms of autism are varied and heterogeneous but involve repetitive behaviors, deficits in social relatedness and the presence of limited interests. The ...

Even though the building of cities has a long and a correspondingly complex history, the concept of city planning as an organized profession has only been around for less than a century (Garvin). Practiced under several names (town, community, urban land use, or physical environment planning), most cities in the current modernistic concept of planning display considerable degrees of forethought and conscious design not only in their physical layout but also in their functioning. Today, the building of cities is done for several reasons that bear in mind the diversity potential of urban forms and the complex functions that ...

Hasan Comert in his study The Impacts of the Global Crisis on the Turkish Economy and Policy Responses (2014) conducts the evaluation of the global crisis of 2008 over the development of Turkish economy. With start of the crisis in the USA, the economy of Turkey became the subject of tremendous fall and recession. In terms of the influence of the crisis over the consumer behavior and attitudes, their expenditure has been decreased in significant volumes in the second half of 2008. First of all, the consumers in Turkey were not confident in the ability of the government to ...

The article titled Data Mining and Clinical Decision Support System by Michael Hardin and David Chhieng provides an insight into a process of searching and converting data. First of all, authors define the notion of data mining in its broader terms. It is aimed at transforming the data into meaningful information and at searching for new patterns for the users. Pattern recognition is a part of the data mining. It was developed to look for analytical models, which would be able to classify data. Data mining is also related to the clinical decision support system. The progress in computing and medical ...

Introduction

Over the years, the analysis and critique of works of literature has adopted different dimensions. In simple terms, critics of literature works have adopted different approaches when it comes to analyzing and understanding these works. Some have chosen to explore individual elements within the work to detect a piece of literature is a classic or whether is poorly articulated. This has therefore resulted in varying opinions among different critics about the nature of certain literature pieces due to the lack of a standard approach or model of understanding literature. However, Vladimir Nabokov in his book “Good Readers and Good Writers” presents a unique ...

Why students don’t use school libraries?

In a study conducted on students in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania, it has been found that most commonly used library sources by students are books and novels. However, it has to be considered that knowledge cannot be acquired only through text books or lectures. Some other resources of information, which are commonly used in present day education, are also required such as different kinds of dictionaries, atlases and maps, poetry books, and audio visual presentations. Sometime, these are not available in libraries; therefore, it becomes difficult for students to find all the required information. Among other difficulties faced by students in ...

List of Figures

Figure 3.0.1 Feature extraction. VIII
Figure 3.0.2 Event processing. VIII
Figure 3.8.1 Basic Architecture of Bayesian Enabled Network XI

The Problem

Cloud Network security is very significant when it comes to online data and transactions. Attackers often examine vulnerabilities within the cloud system. There are malwares and viruses that can be easily detected and those that cannot be detected easily. With advance technology and increase in computing knowledge, network attackers use sophisticated software that can beat most antiviruses and firewalls hence accessing the system without anyone noticing them (Kumar, 2015). Malicious code also referred to as (malware) often grow ...

Introduction

Bacteria are the very first life forms in the history of our planet. Since the beginning they were exposed to extreme changes of temperature, pressure, pH and nutrients; hence, to survive, they had to adapt themselves. One strategy of survival is to go into suspension or dormancy, by converting themselves into a seed form or spores. When conditions become normal, these spores germinate back to vegetative form. This property is also seen in pathogenic bacteria that infect higher animals such as humans. One such group of bacteria is from the Genus Bacillus.When exposed to stress, these bacteria go into dormancy ...

Abstract

Fibromyalgia is an illness or disorder that affects about 2-5 % of the world’s population and that that is characterized by musculoskeletal pain and general muscle stiffness. One of the suggested methods of treating this disorder is massage therapy. This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive literature review on the use of massage therapy as an effective intervention technique of Fibromyalgia. The paper will commence with a brief introduction that explains the basics of the disorder. This will then be followed by a comprehensive literature review of various article publications that have touched on the subject. The review will incorporate the methodology, ...

- Insurance premium formula
Insurance premium is a sum of all costs of insurance company. One of the essential and the most valuable components is risk cost (money paid when insurance accident occurred). Due to the nature of the risk it is the most stochastic variable. Therefore we can build premium cost model upon risk model because other price components can be easily predicted.
- Classic model
Starting with initial reserve x > 0, an insurance risk business earns money at constant rate c > 0. Meanwhile, according to a point process with times {TN: n ≥ 1}, 0 ...

One of the most important landmarks on way of teaching – learning process of a language is the sort of achievements attained through training on approach and its consequent reflection on the classroom practice. In a teaching context, what is the usual practice determines the areas and aspects of competence that the learners are most likely to develop; to which extent or to what end – just theoretical or practical- is an entirely different issue often not explored. When in such a context training is introduced, some scope of such query and analysis is created and certain specific ways to solution is opened which ...

Literature Review

Literature Review
Automobile is an essential means for social and economic mobility. Cars in particular have brought convenience and transportation benefits and became a significant symbol of culture, innovation, and progress. However, the proliferation of cars presents several opportunities for criminal activities such as theft. Key cities in the United States are experiencing high prevalence if car theft cases and among the regions with the highest rate of cars stolen is the Dallas Country in Texas. Due to the imminent increase in car theft cases in the area, local law enforcement units are finding more effective anti-car theft solutions ...

Introduction

Those Winter Sundays," by Robert Hayden and bilingual bilingue by Rhina Espaillat address the past events as they appear in the memories of the authors. Notably, there are certain issues, which occur in our routine lives at our tender ages, which indeed have significant impacts in our memories even in future. Some occurrences should be kept as preserve for future reference as they indeed play significant roles in our lives. Ideally, it is quite important to compare and contract these two poems because this will give different and similar experiences that people have in their young age compared to ...

The poem entitled “The Brain - is wider than the Sky-“ written by Emily Dickinson uses different literary elements that would assist readers in understanding its meaning. At the start, the reader could perceive that Dickinson uses simple vocabularies that are easy to comprehend. However, when taken in its entirety, the reader needs to examine the structure, form, symbols, choice of words and figurative language to enhance audience appeal and to solicit the use of cognitive and analytical skills to unveil the author’s meaning.
The structure of the poem perfectly conformed to a numbered pattern: eight syllables for ...

Business Information Systems

Introduction

Software development methodologies have one main concern; to create software. The creation is more organizational than rather than technical. To be able to understand properly what software development methodology entails, one needs to understand the introduction as well as the historical background of each one of them (Wiegers 2005). By taking the long route, one is able to appreciate what has been achieved so far in software development and what is still being researched.
This paper is a discussion of a variety of soft ware development methodologies and their level of efficiency in business information system.

Data modeling/information systems

Data modeling makes ...

Introduction

Many a times parents do not realize that their attitudes towards their children is affecting them seriously, which results in impulsive and irrational behavior leading to dangerous consequences. The difference in adolescent behavior can be observed but without the knowledge of the reasons as to why such behaviors are escalating, both parents and teachers are unable to solve them. Hence it is important to study the reasons of such behaviors so that we understand how these individual differences affect children and be able to manage such erupting behavior problems.
Moreover, it is important to identify children and parents who ...

Introduction

Human beings learn through different techniques and learning through observation is one of the most important ones. The concept of learning through observation is called observational learning. Although, people of all ages use this technique to learn, children use this technique for learning very often. They observe their surroundings like a sponge and imitate the behavior of other people around them. Children's observational learning might be the motivator in their participation in community activities. This statement can be evaluated by referring to theories related to the topic. The most relevant theory is social learning theory by Albert Bandura.

Theories and research on observational learning

According to ...

I chose to look at Philip Larkin’s Ambulances. My initial response to the poem was to be soberly reminded of my own fate but in an uneasy way, like the uneasiness of juxtaposition between the common image presented alongside its unusual interpretation since ambulances are usually seen as symbols of care and rescue, rather than death.

Worksheet 1

1. Title: What image, sound, or theme does the title convey?
‘Ambulances’ is a short, commonly used word which lures the reader into feeling like the poem could be quite simple and inoffensive.
2. Dramatic Situation: Who is the Speaker, the “ ...