Processing Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Abstract

This article offers an insight into the study of neurolinguistics as a subject of neurology. It also offers a theory of language that is developmental in nature and an insight into the neural systems that lead to linguistic capabilities. Language develops in four stages, as suggested by early perceptual experience. These four phases take place in an independent and fixed sequence. A different ontogenetic function is arrived at in every phase of language. The functions in question have neural systems, proprietary in kind, that differs in their respective degree of specialization.
Under evaluation is an analytical mechanism largely responsible for ...

Attention is a concept commonly studied by scholars in the field of cognitive psychology as they primarily interest in how humans process information within a particular environment(Goldstein, 2014). This relates to our attentional system because this is our ability to be able to focus in on something despite the stimuli that may be around us(Beard, Sawyer, & Hofmann, 2012; Cohen, 2014). Attention is an aspect of humans that is present from birth, and it is considered to a reflex that provides us the ability to know what should or shouldn't be of importance (in terms of alterntess) and ...

Introduction

Pharmaceutical companies should create and follow a standard operating procedure by implementing a cleaning validation to ensure future patient safety. Validation has received great attention by the FDA in recent inspections. Manufacturers must validate their cleaning process to ensure compliance with GMP regulations 1. One of the main keys in the manufacturing of dosage formulation is to develop cleaning procedures that will remove all types of residues from the equipment and containers. The goal of Cleaning Validation is to ensure effectiveness in cleaning equipment, and to prevent pollution and cross contamination of drug products to ensure the quality, safety; efficacy and ...

Introduction

Cloud computing provides enterprises and private customers shared resources in the form of computational power and memory for performing strenuous computing tasks. These ubiquitous and on-demand services are offered by distributed servers through high speed internet. The biggest advantage of cloud computing services is that consumers could easily avoid developing their in-house gigantic computing services. They could easily hire resources from cloud computing services and need not having their dedicated computational infrastructure.
There are various models of cloud computing for intelligently utilizing the resources. For managing dedicated on-demand computing resources for many users, a huge amount of cost incurs ...

Literature Review:

Reverse Logistics has been gaining importance of all sorts of businesses all across the globe. Tremendous research activities are coming up daily, suggesting new frameworks and models suitable for each business type and situation. Warehousing and Reverse Logistics are important to each other as they are in the direct relationship. The major issues in this regard are the lesser dedicated space for the returned items, too much paper work involved in getting the items back to the warehouse and from the warehouse to the production units, too much extensive process for tracking the reasons of return to the warehouse, ...

In "Cognitive Ergonomics: Understanding, Learning, and Designing Human-Computer Interaction" the authors discuss the applied aspect of cognitive science associated with the modeling of human cognitive activity that helps to solve practical problems in various areas. Chapter 1 "Human-computer interaction models and their roles in the design of interactive systems" shows the trends in the development of cognitive studies and emphasizes the relevance of applied aspects of cognitive science. Chapter 1 in "Cognitive Ergonomics: Understanding, Learning, and Designing Human-Computer Interaction" describes the conceptual framework of the application of cognitive research aimed at solving practical problems in various spheres of human ...

The Cloud for Digital Photography

CONVENTIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY: STORAGE & MANAGEMENT ISSUES
The advent of photography in late 1830s (Roosa, n.d.) has mandated later introduction and development of memory storage methods. The capacity for cameras to preserve in photographs personal and collective memories has made permanency a more urgent issue as photographs became household collectibles. Moreover, as development methods improved, older photographs (developed using outdated methods) required more maintenance during storage, particularly photographs produced by acetate negatives, chromogenic color film, polyester film and instant color print processes (Roosa). The deterioration of photographs by poor environmental storage conditions, poor storage enclosures, inadequate handling and shelving conditions, and ...

Literature Review

Literature Review

Introduction

Machine learning techniques are based on an explicit or implicit model that enables categorize established patterns analyzed. A unique feature of these schemes is the need to train labeled data model behavior, this being a process that demands resources. Many machine learning-based schemes have been applied to NIDS. Some of the most important are Bayesian networks, Markov models, neural networks, fuzzy logic techniques, genetic algorithms, and clustering and outlier detection (Carbonneau, et. al., 2008, pp. 1140-54).
The task of automatic text classification is based on building and using machines called supervised learning. The process of creating an ...

Introduction

Elementary hypotheses on multimedia learning and cognitive theory have differed with the introduction of motion pictures. The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning depicts how students or rather people learn from pictures, words and motions based on the notion that, every individual possess a unique channel of processing verbal and visual information.

Literature Review

In the literature review, there are a number of studies done on the impacts of multi-media learning on the process of maintaining gathered information, depending on the information gathered. In cognitive multimedia learning, people learn from pictures, and words (Mayer, 2000).For many years now, people only depended on verbal ...

i. Executive Summary; Proteomic analysis is the large scale experimental analysis of proteins and their structure that is being used by many industries. The Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are considered the primary source for recombinant therapeutics and antibodies. The Proteomic analysis is of prime importance in the CHO cells engineering. With other varied applications, especially in CHO cell engineering, where they are used to modify cells for desired functions. Proteomics has improved product standards and efficiency in many industries. (Baycin-Hezal, et al, 2012)
ii. Background Definition of Proteomics; Proteomics is the study of proteins. Proteomic analysis is ...

Requirement for the Manufacture of Drugs concerning Public Safety

Abstract
The study will focus on pharmaceutical companies’ standard operation procedures. More in depth, the study will determine if cleaning validation and verification is a successful way to keep the quality of manufactured drugs at a high standard. The importance of the validation of a sterilization process will be examined. The study will list reasons for validation of sterilization through a set of regulatory expectations put in place by the FDA.
The regulatory expectations of the FDA will support the methods and analysis used to conduct this study. The study will also examine the success and failure of cleaning validation through ...

MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding, 16–29 nucleotide RNA molecules (approximately 22 nucleotides in length) comprising of an evolutionarily conserved class of endogenous ribo-regulators that regulate (modulate) gene expression (Wiemer, 2007, p.1529; Zhang et al., 2006, p.9136; Garzon et al., 2009, p.168). They were discovered in 1993 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Espinosa & Slack, 2006, p.131). Currently, 4167 miRNAs are listed in the miRNA registry and 474 human miRNAs have been identified (Wiemer, 2007, p.1530).

The miRNA genes are dispersed across the genome in gene clusters or as single genes. At least 50% of the miRNA genes are ...

Individuals refer to it as business performance management whereas others prefer calling it enterprise performance management or corporate performance management. The terms used are not as important as the meaning attached to the very entity. It basically refers to a framework of management aspects and analytical processes that enables the efficient and effective management of an organization’s performance (Devi, 2005, p.44). Achievement of certain set goals and missions is enhanced and enabled by the application of this vital aspect. Corporate performance management relatively relates to the ideas of enhancing the management styles of a given business entity. There is involvement ...

HR and Information Technology (HRIS)

Introduction
Business undertaking involves various pitfalls such as poor organizational traditions, the big squeeze, identity crisis, and organizational failure. These pitfalls continue to be inevitable in an organization until effective HR is adopted. Research has established that the creation of consistent and sustained competitive advantage is achievable through effective HR (Pouransari, Al-Karaghouli, & Dey, 2016). Human resources must be managed well for the success of an organization. Every individual working in an organization plays a contributory role in its management. Tarawneh (2012) argued that since human resources are needed in all aspects of business operations ranging from production to marketing, ...

INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING

Introduction
Machine learning refers to the development of learning algorithms, which enable computers to automatically execute tasks without the need for human intervention (Schapire 2003). With application learning techniques, computers are able to come up with their own programs for solving a problem, and these are based on the examples that the computers are provided.
In particular, some of the questions that the discipline of machine learning aims to answer are: 1.) How computer systems that automatically improve with experience can be built; and 2.) What the fundamental laws are that govern all learning processes (Mitchell 2006).
...

Introduction.

In many business organizations, today, technology has played critical roles when it comes to communication, much more the processing of information from the suppliers to the retailers. Communication enables coordination among these parties, and this enhances the growth of business (Voigt and Karl, 2012 pp. 636). It allows proper implementation of logistics and procedures that enhance harmonization and management of a business. With the use of technological advancements like emails, images, links, phones, tracking systems etc these processes are achieved (Jingchan and Felix, 2012 pp. 12). This paper explores the importance of communication in enhancing supplier and retailer relationships, using ...

MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding, 16–29 nucleotide RNA molecules comprising of an evolutionarily conserved class of endogenous ribo-regulators that regulate gene expression (Wiemer, 2007; Garzon et al., 2009). They were discovered in 1993 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Espinosa & Slack, 2006). Currently, 4167miRNAs are listed in the miRNA registry and 474 human miRNAs have been identified (Wiemer, 2007).
MicroRNAs are crucial for the development of vertebrates due to the fact that depletion of the components of the miRNA processing pathway, or interfering with maturation of miRNAs, is not compatible with life (Wiemer, 2007).
The miRNA ...

Abstract

In this consultant proposal, we wish to address the transportation efficiency problems encountered at your waste container transport company due to traffic congestion and other factors. We seek to utilize a minimal cost network flow model to form the basis for your decision-support transportation and shipping schedule system. The solution can be implemented in a very succinct five-step process, and the constraints are few.

Introduction

This consultant proposal is meant to help your transport company improve your specific issue with transport operations. A waste container transport company needs a prototype decision-support system in order to address various factors that are inhibiting efficient operation. ...

In everyday life, an average human being interacts with so many experiences, some of which significantly influence our response. In a college party for instance, several people are having conversations and loud music is playing: and yet each groups of people conversing can still make out what the other person is saying despite the noise. In morning traffic, it is typical to see a corporate employee communicating through a hands free device, taking coffee and driving at the same time. In college rooms, it is typical to find one student reading while the other plays music. How is all ...

Annotated Bibliography

Wang, S., Hsu, H., Campbell, T., Coster, D., & Longhurst, M. (2014). An investigation of middle school science teachers and students use of technology inside and outside of classrooms: considering whether digital natives are more technology savvy than their teachers. Educational Technology Research & Development, 62(6), 637-662
Hoffmann, C. P., Lutz, C., & Meckel, M. (2014). Digital Natives or digital Immigrants? The impact of user characteristics on online trust. Journal of Management Information Systems, 31(3), 138-171. doi:10.1080/07421222.2014.995538.
According to previous studies, web familiarity and demographics may influence online faith and, therefore, the authors of this article carried out research to ...

In order to allow for free movement of electrons, graphitic carbon materials have a tendency of sharing crystalline domain (Fitzer & Köchling, 1992) for increased conductivity (Walker, P. L., 1973). In the study carried out by (Novoselov, et al.; Bazaroz & Nikolaev, 1989; Liu et al., 2004; Harfanist et al., 2004; Coleman et al., 2006), the use of graphitic carbon in several applications including the next generation electronics, composite materials (Coleman et al., 2006; Chen, I.-H., Chen, C.-Y., & Wang, 2010), activated carbon fibers, fuel cells (Wang, Zhao, & Niu, 2007; Marta, et al, 2008), sensors and batteries (Besenhard, 1999; Hess, Lebraud & Levasseur, ...

Introduction

According to the American Psychiatric Association (2000), a trauma is a shocking and emotionally overpowering situation that makes an individual experience a threat to psychological or physical integrity of self or others, leading to a reaction of intense fear, horror, and helplessness (Stolorow, 2007). Ver Der Kolk (1996) opines that "traumatized people lead traumatic and traumatizing lives", because they tend to re-victimize themselves, inflict self-injury, and externalize their trauma by victimizing others. The childhood trauma may trigger severe psychological reactions like Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) that may affect the individual by subjecting him or her to severe depression and alcohol or drug dependence ( ...

Historical Overview on the Development of Learning Theories

There are several theories that describe how a person learns. These theories stem from the fact that the learning ability of one person is unique from the other. Learning is a relatively permanent modification in behavior to include the observed activity and the internal processes involved such as thinking, attitudes and emotions. Some studies also include motivation as part of the definition of the learning process. The manifestations of learning cannot be noticed immediately in the observable behavior of an individual. However, the manifestation takes place after the educational program is introduced to the person (Dunn, 2002).
The origins of ...

Introduction

Bacteria are the very first life forms in the history of our planet. Since the beginning they were exposed to extreme changes of temperature, pressure, pH and nutrients; hence, to survive, they had to adapt themselves. One strategy of survival is to go into suspension or dormancy, by converting themselves into a seed form or spores. When conditions become normal, these spores germinate back to vegetative form. This property is also seen in pathogenic bacteria that infect higher animals such as humans. One such group of bacteria is from the Genus Bacillus.When exposed to stress, these bacteria go into dormancy ...

According to beauty oriented studies, averageness refers to the average phenotypic characteristics evident in a person. This is the facial outward appearance and one’s general appearance. They communicate about one’s fertility and health. A bigger proportion of the studies were based on photographic overlays in which the images are morphed together. Factors like youthfulness, similarity and symmetry are also considered when attractiveness is concerned.
There is a possibility of beauty not being in the eyes of the beholder. Beauty can be less arbitrarily considered as a cultural whims’ slave. Views on attractiveness do not vary across many races hence ...

Abstract

Eye movement tracking and analysis has gained popularity as a critical tool for evaluating interfaces and visual display. Existing tools and methods that are used in analyzing scan paths and eye movements are to a greater extent limited in the nature of tasks that they support. In particular, the tools used have been found ineffective in tracking large amounts of data that has high variations. Eye movement analysis has been used in psychology, medical research, advertising, and cognitive science. Today, using CCTV cameras, human eye gaze, and eye movement and blinking is relatively recorded with ease and with high ...

Abstract

Profound education is the basis for the successful career development and personal growth of any individual. Many scholars are trying to give an answer to the question of what makes the learning process more effective. Different aspects of learning theory provide answers to some of these questions. Theories of learning can be grouped into following three categories: behaviorist learning theories, cognitivist learning theories, and constructivist learning theories. Many researchers pay much attention to the process of scaffolding that is actively discussed as a significant element of learning process. The researcher Albert Bandura has devoted a number of his scientific ...

Abstract

PEBAX (Polyether Block Amide) is essentially a copolymer that offers the most comprehensive range of advantages among the several thermoplastic elastometers (TPE) that are available today. TPE is popular by the trade names of Vestamid E and Pebax as they are manufactured by two companies namely Evonik Industries and Arkema respectively. There are a number of favorable properties that Pebax use and because of such properties, it is currently being extensively used in a plethora of applications like industrial and medical as well. . Remarkable elastomeric properties, a wide range of service temperature, and in several cases, exceptionally great resistance ...

List of Figures

Figure 3.0.1 Feature extraction. VIII
Figure 3.0.2 Event processing. VIII
Figure 3.8.1 Basic Architecture of Bayesian Enabled Network XI

The Problem

Cloud Network security is very significant when it comes to online data and transactions. Attackers often examine vulnerabilities within the cloud system. There are malwares and viruses that can be easily detected and those that cannot be detected easily. With advance technology and increase in computing knowledge, network attackers use sophisticated software that can beat most antiviruses and firewalls hence accessing the system without anyone noticing them (Kumar, 2015). Malicious code also referred to as (malware) often grow ...

Psychology

Psychoanalysis is considered as a treatment concept that relies on observation that people are often unconscious about various factors that influence their behavior and emotions. Originally the concept of psychoanalysis was developed by Sigmund Freud and later developed and modified by various experienced psychoanalysts. These unknown factors entail the source of considerable unhappiness and distress, where sometimes is acquires identifiable symptom trait and at other times troubling personality characteristic. Those factors may, therefore, cause difficulties in love relationship or the workplace, or mood disturbances and self-esteem. Because those factors are unknown, the advice of family and friend, self-help books, or ...

Thesis statement

Learning various languages expands the boundaries for people and provides the different opportunities to cross-cultural dialogue, business development and employment. About 60% of the World population speak more than one language. Acquiring correct and intellible pronunciation, according to general observation, is one of the hardest tasks for all language learners.
Most of the additional language learners develop an accent, that allows other people to distinguish non-native speaker and to make suggestions about her origin and native language. Presence of an accent commonly does not change intelligibility of the speech (perceived phonological constancy, Mulak et al., 2013), that is ...

INTRODUCTION

The protocols at the transport layer of the OSI reference model provides an end-to-end data delivery service for application processes to exchange messages over the Internet. Protocols operating in the Transport layer use the services of the Internet Protocol (IP) to deliver messages. Many protocols exist at his layer and one of the most important protocols at this layer is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for the delivery of data between the Application Layer and the Internet Layer. The shortcoming of IP to guarantee the delivery of datagrams is overcome by TCP by setting up a virtual circuit between the communicating ...

The present description is concerned with critiquing an article entitled “Psychological distress and delusional memories after critical care: a literature review” The problem of the study is that there is a limited data with regard to the existence of a psychological distress known as delusional memories ,experienced by individuals who have been admitted in intensive care unit (ICU). The main purpose of the article was to perform to perform a literature review in order to find out and build the available empirical evidence with regard to the psychological distress linked with delusional memories in adult critically ill individuals following an ICU discharge. The ...

Business Process Management

Abstract
The literature review on the topic of enterprise resource planning (ERP) of business process management (BPM) as part of information systems (IS) strategies in South African businesses covers both scholarly and professional management discussions about outsource administration of IT systems operations. The rise of outsource IT in the business sector is predicted to realign business and trade into the future. The trend in emergent market outsource IS data management in and by South African firms is fast becoming a lead topic in a nation formerly characterised as an industrial economy with developing country challenges.
The enactment of South ...

Learning disabilities refer to an assortment of disorders which are usually evidenced by pertinent difficulties in attainment of educational knowledge. This can be manifested through complexities in; reading, listening, writing, speaking or reasoning. Learning disabilities can be classified into various categories based on the information processing ability of the students. Some students may experience difficulties in the input and synthesis of information. Whereas others may find it difficult to integrate and interpret the information given. Consequently, some students may have disabilities in the storage of educational information thus they find it difficult to memorize what is taught in class ( ...

Introduction

Membrane filtration is a technique used to separate a liquid from any particles present in it. In membrane filtration, a liquid is passed through a semi-permeable membrane. The size of the pores on the membrane determines its permeability thereby enabling the membrane to act as a barrier to all particles larger than the pore sizes. Different approaches and systems can be employed in membrane filtration depending on the type and capacity of the liquid being purified but the overall goal is to obtain a clean liquid. Membrane filtration can be used in the treatment of wastewater, filtering milk during its processing among other applications. This ...

The Future of Cloud Computing

Introduction
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing applies to the development of parallel computing, distributed computing, and grid computing (Rad, et al., 2009). Cloud computing refers both to a platform and a type of application (Buyya, Yeo, Venugoplas, Broberg, & Brandic 2009). Cloud computing platforms provide the services necessary for developers to create new SaaS applications; it is a dynamic process that provisions, configures, reconfigures, and deprovisions servers. Cloud platforms provide a pool of resources to host different applications where computing power is delivered on demand (Van, Tran, & Menaud, 2009). Cloud applications use large databases and powerful servers that host Internet-based applications and services. ...

Abstract

Computed Tomography CT refers to an imaging procedure that has been popular over the last decade in the imaging of the human body. In coronary artery imaging, this procedure is called Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography (CTCA). This technique is used specifically in the imaging and assessment of the cardiac and coronary anatomy to determine if one has a coronary artery disease or to determine the extent to which the individual has been affected by the disease. This procedure is also used to evaluate the coronary arteries and their anatomy. There are also other methods or techniques that are used in ...