Production Literature Reviews Samples For Students

The ubiquitous climate change and the attendant consequences in the forms of flash floods, earthquakes, tsunamis etc has further intensified efforts at seeking alternative sources of energy to the currently used fossil fuels that contribute so much to the deterioration of the environment and the menace of climate change. The alternative forms of energy, termed green energy are renewable sources of energy e.g. solar energy. Theses green sources of energy do not contribute to the deterioration of the environment. The industrial production of hydrogen gas H2 is dependent on heavy use of fossil fuel-generated electricity to power the process ...

Executive Summary

There have been many proven supply chain management models that preoccupied the minds of manufacturing plant owners since the dawn of the industrial age. There is the traditional way and there is also various specialized way of supply chain system management. In this paper, the author delves on the Build to Order (BTO) model of managing a supply chain as opposed to the traditional one, focusing on the possible upcoming trends on the industries that rely on this production scheme, and on the future of the Build to Order supply chain system management as a whole. A thorough investigation in the ...

Introduction

The production line refers to a set of sequential operations launched in a factory whereby the raw materials are passed via the refining process to produce tissue that is suitable to be used in institutions, households, and industries. The article by Ishakawa and Hirasawa (2012) describes how printing and aqueous lotion chemicals can be applied to improve the quality of tissue papers. Furthermore, the article by Abdulmalek and Rajgopal (2007) look deep on the benefits accrued from lean manufacturing and how they can benefit manufacturing companies. The paper will comprehensively address the production line, its ways, and advantages as ...

This assignment question is the issue of the production process, its harmful impact on the environment and ways to reduce this problem through the modernization of production process and the introduction of innovations in this area. The research was made ​​because the problem of the negative impact of the production process in the state of the nowadays environment is very acute and it will require the immediate solutions to decrease the stern impact and to reduce it in the near future. The topicality of this research is that it can help to find strategies to reduce the problem and ...

Introduction.

Technology is an aspect that has affected almost all aspects of human life. Since the onset of technological revolution in the 19th century, more has been done to march the constantly dynamic technological advancement. In fact, people have to march the current days’ technology or be competed out, that’s how serious technological revolution is. One of the sectors that is hardly hit by technological advancement is the manufacturing industry, clients are quite demanding in terms of technology, tastes and preferences are in close proximity to technology (Voss, 2012).
Advanced manufacturing technology is simply the use of technology to ...

Tinham, B. (January 01, 2005). Visibility gives thought for food: Lean and agile multi-site supply chain operations are being delivered at Grampian Country Food, following implementation of new systems. Manufacturing Computer Solutions.
The article involves a study on implementation of Lean and agile multi-site supply chain operations at Grampian County Food, a leading European chicken industry. The business has multiple businesses, and in different geographical locations with dependencies on each other. Each of the businesses was acquired over different times, with its unique systems market routes and business processes. The article provides a program on the appropriate time to integrate the ...

The outsourcing in the textile and clothing industry is in a continuous movement and evolution, which was speed up by the rapid technological development, globalization or economic liberalization of various geographic areas.

The various shifts in the global sourcing in the textile and apparel industry have been hand in hand with the global social and economic shifts. Gereff (2002) notes that the history of sourcing was shaped in the fifties, when US and Western Europe countries where importing from Japan, which later imported from the Asian Tigers Hong King, Taiwan and ...

Factors that Influence Purchasing Relationship in Automobile Industry of China

Introduction
The USA, Western Europe, and Japan markets for the automobiles are almost stagnating causing an increased attention and concern to the world automotive industry. They have turned their interest in China market for cars. This is associated with the fast growing economy in China unlike that of European nations and the USA. The Chinese market for cars is indeed the turning point for all auto companies. The environment is conducive to start production in China to supply the potential markets and then export from there to other world markets. This literature will focus on the purchasing relationship in ...

INTRODUCTION

In broad terms, the concept of sustainable economic growth is an attempt to combine growing concerns about a range of environmental issues with socio-economic issues (Bill Hopwood, Mary Mellor and Geoff O’Brien, 2005). However, the phrase sustainable economic growth or development has many meanings attached to it. Sustainability itself (as a strategic concept originated in the Brundtland report in the year 1987) means a degree of growth which can be retained without creating other substantial economic or environmental problems for future generations. In other words, it is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future ...

Abstract

In the scope of this paper, the analysis of the business model was conducted from the perspective of the following aspects –as they are represented by the scholars in scientific literature: cost structure; key partners; central activities; major resources; value proposition; revenue structure; customer relationships; channel and customer segment. Additional emphasis was put on the case studies, which demonstrate effective utilization of the innovative business models
Key words: segmentation, business model, strategy, customers, planning.

THE BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS

First of all, in the scope of the business model canvas development, the cost structure would be discussed. In the scope of the article ...

Abstract

As the majority of the people are becoming more aware of the adverse effects of petroleum-based products consumption and of the continued diminishing of natural fuel oil reserves all over the world, the search for more environmentally friendly and renewable substitute is becoming the focus of many studies. Such substitute products include the soybean-based adhesives, and soybean-based adhesive bonded wood composites and particle boards. In this study, a “literature review” was conducted in order to identify the many issues associated with the search for a replacement for petroleum-based adhesives. Accordingly, the issues identified are (1) environmental friendliness, such as the biodegradability ...

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide a basic overview of lean supply chain methodology. This will also provide how the concept was evolved over the years. The paper will provide a brief overview of the basic pillars of lean supply chain and then look at the tools used to implement and monitor lean supply chain methodology. This paper also will discuss the limitations of the current lean supply chains methodology. It will then compare lean supply chain concepts with agile supply chains and green supply chains to bring out the similarities and differences. Finally the paper will provide some ...

Business Process Management

Abstract
The literature review on the topic of enterprise resource planning (ERP) of business process management (BPM) as part of information systems (IS) strategies in South African businesses covers both scholarly and professional management discussions about outsource administration of IT systems operations. The rise of outsource IT in the business sector is predicted to realign business and trade into the future. The trend in emergent market outsource IS data management in and by South African firms is fast becoming a lead topic in a nation formerly characterised as an industrial economy with developing country challenges.
The enactment of South ...

Sunglasses - False Consciousness

In this picture, a pair of sunglasses is placed on a tablecloth, folded and pointing toward the viewer. These sunglasses are indicative of the Marxist thesis of false consciousness, wherein the capitalist machine creates a false sense of happiness and harmony between social classes. In reality, the rich control the poor but the poor do not quite know it. This harsh reality is overshadowed by materials and institutions that place importance on consumerism and capitalism as a means to accrue happiness. With the potential for wealth dangled in front of a public that does not see the truth, people can actively vote or work ...

1. Introduction
Even though fossil fuels and coal mines are still in adequate quantity according to some industrial experts, the earth is experiencing drastic climate change which is commonly believed as the outcomes of mining, tapping, and using coals and fossil fuels to provide electricity to homes and industries all over the world since the Industrial Revolution [7]. Therefore, one of the greatest concerns today is how to efficiently and cost-effectively utilize renewable energy, particularly solar energy, for domestic use. Solar energy is intense heat and light from the sun utilized through an array of different technologies like ...

Literature Review:

Reverse Logistics has been gaining importance of all sorts of businesses all across the globe. Tremendous research activities are coming up daily, suggesting new frameworks and models suitable for each business type and situation. Warehousing and Reverse Logistics are important to each other as they are in the direct relationship. The major issues in this regard are the lesser dedicated space for the returned items, too much paper work involved in getting the items back to the warehouse and from the warehouse to the production units, too much extensive process for tracking the reasons of return to the warehouse, ...

The changes that have been witnessed in climate that have been influenced by global warming have prompted the need to try and seek for alternative sources of energy. Spain like many other developing and already established nations has taken the intuitive to try and put their resources into investing on green energy. Through this intuitive, there have been creation of industrial plants that are aimed at ensuring that there are enough resources put into green power production. There have been the establishments of areas that have been set aside for the production of energy through, wind, hydroelectric power, and ...

Literature review

Introduction
The Tokohuma earthquake in Japan occurred in 2011 on March. It occurred in the Pacific Ocean where it caused a huge tsunami that was very devastating. The earthquake was the largest ever recorded in Japan and the fourth largest in the world. It produced a tsunami of sixteen metres high. What’s more is that the tsunami hit Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan that caused an explosion which produced radioactive contamination which spread over Japan and the surrounding areas affecting the air, soil as well as the water. This disastrous event had adverse effects on Japan as a country ...

ENERGY RELATIONS

Introduction
The US and Canada have been supporter and challenger, associate and adversary, foe and friend- throughout their history. As a result, the two nations have experienced durations of conflict with one country’s national interests dictating actions that caused adverse effects on the other (Behiels and Stuart 2010; Andreas 2013). Since the 1980s, however, the two nations have increased their energy relations through integration and cooperation (Hooper and Newlands 2012). As such, significant issues have often been resolved through negotiated compromise. Nonetheless, some US-Canada trade relations have been unsuccessful. For example, although the two nations are widely known ...

Green supply chain management

Green or sustainable supply chain management. According to Ageron et al. (2011), green supply chain management is the transparent, strategic, integration and achievement of an organization’s social, environmental, and economic objectives in the systematic coordination of key inter-organization business performance of the firm and its supply chain partners. Ageron et al. (2011) argue that helping other players in the chain is an important as other players will understand the importance of resolving the environmental and social problems. Supporting each member in the supply chain is, therefore, important in any supply chain as all members of the chain will ...

Introduction

One of the byproducts of urban growth and development is the waste production. As per the report of the World Bank (2013), OECD countries produce almost half of the world's waste, while South Asia and Africa are listed as the regions producing the least amount of waste. The Basel Convention defines 'wastes' as substances or objects that need to be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of national law. European Waste Catalogue shows 850 types of wastes out of which 420 types of wastes have been classified as hazardous waste. Hazardous wastes are those wastes considered to be ...

Chapter 2 – Literature Review

Chapter II
The Review of the Related Literature
Introduction
During the past decades, breakthroughs in the study of Vitamin D and findings pointing to its importance in maintaining health have been made. Apart from the found importance of Vitamin D in human skeletal development, further evidence is attributing the benefits of adequate Vitamin D to the development of other tissues in the body. In addition, the prior belief regarding the amount of Vitamin D needed in the body was changed encompassing new findings that the human body needs more Vitamin D than usually thought (Holick, 2004). ...

Mechanical ventilation (MV) causes oxidative stress that is responsible for adverse consequences on organs. In a situation of MV, the excessive pressure impairs the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain leading to oxidative and nitrosative stress (Kavazis, 2009; Hafner et al., 2014). MV is commonly associated with hyperoxia where an excess of oxygen is provided. In such a case an oxidative stress can be induced when the oxygen pressure in the alveolar exceeds that of the normal breathing conditions because the biological system is not able to readily detoxify the environment from components such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( ...

The Four Seasons Hotels is a chain of hotels with an international presence in major cities of the world. The hotels target various hoteliers through a comprehensive provision of services that range from hotel meals, accommodations, conferences, meetings and seminars, catering services, parties, among other hotelier products. In this paper we shall look at six specific examples of the branches which include Dublin, Sydney, Singapore, Istanbul, Jakarta and Milano. It is illustrative to note that all the mentioned hotels are located in the Middle East or Europe. These continents form the list of continents believed to have a robust economy that may ...

Health Effects if Ingesting GMO’S

Genetically modified organisms have been evaluated in terms of the risks they pose to the environment over the past years. This has been done by comparing the dangers identified and exposed estimates to give a decision to the agencies that regulate these products. Assessing the harsh effects of a GMO on the environment remains one of the key controversies to decisions makers and institutions that assess risks as well as scientists. The Society of Toxicology is among the institutions that have dedicated their objectives to protect and improve health in humans, animals as well as the environment. They give their stand ...

The Four Seasons Hotels is a chain of hotels with an international presence in major cities of the world. The hotels target various hoteliers through a comprehensive provision of services that range from hotel meals, accommodations, conferences, meetings and seminars, catering services, parties, among other hotelier products.
This Literature Review focuses on six branches, which include Dublin, Sydney, Singapore, Istanbul, Jakarta and Milano. All the mentioned hotels are either located in the Middle East or Europe. These listed continents have a robust economy that might not wallow to changes in the world economic climate. I am going to analyse how the ...

Introduction

Pharmaceutical companies should create and follow a standard operating procedure by implementing a cleaning validation to ensure future patient safety. Validation has received great attention by the FDA in recent inspections. Manufacturers must validate their cleaning process to ensure compliance with GMP regulations 1. One of the main keys in the manufacturing of dosage formulation is to develop cleaning procedures that will remove all types of residues from the equipment and containers. The goal of Cleaning Validation is to ensure effectiveness in cleaning equipment, and to prevent pollution and cross contamination of drug products to ensure the quality, safety; efficacy and ...

As the United States campaign for the next president rented the air, the issue on Energy Policy was inevitable. The two major candidates on the race to the White House agreed with each other on some of the issues that should or ought to have been done about energy and sharply disagreed on some. It was a tough battle as they stood on podiums and tried to convince the Americans how their laid policies was effective and efficient and tried to outdo one another on the Presidential Debates hosted on the national television.
The two candidates agreed that America ...

1. Introduction
Even though fossil fuels and coal mines its still in adequate quantity base in some industry expert the earth is it experience sudden climate change that common believe as the result of the mining tapping and use coals and fossil fuels to provide a electricity to homes and industry all over the worldsince the Industrial Revolution [7]. So one of great thing concern of today its how to renew efficient and cost effective solar energyfor domestic use. Solar energy its intense heat and light from the sun utilize through a array of different technology like solar thermal energy ...

Innovative Enterprise

Investment in innovation has always been thought of as an organizational process that aims at utilizing resources that are productive enough in order to create economic growth of an enterprise. According to Lazonick, investment in these productive resources usually establish a suitable foundation for economic growth (Lazonick, 2). Schumpeter, in his theory of Economic Development, noted that there is a purpose and need for every enterprise to invest in ‘superior’ productive resources that can create new set of goods using different processes of production (Schumpeter, 7). These, as he noted, must be investments geared towards innovation.
Enterprise innovation is indeed ...

Env.S . (Day) , (Time) .

Topical Summary Assignment.

Industrial Ecology.
INFORMATIONAL ABSTRACT.
For various commodities to be produced, raw materials have to undergo various processes in their specific industries until the final output is produced. This process takes place in industries. Industries need to regulate their manufacturing processes so that they take part in maintenance of the environment since lately it has been noted that the key factor destroying our environment is the industries through the manufacturing process. The emissions from the production of these commodities by the chimneys of factories pollute the air by releasing dangerous gases into the atmosphere. These ...

Introduction.

In many business organizations, today, technology has played critical roles when it comes to communication, much more the processing of information from the suppliers to the retailers. Communication enables coordination among these parties, and this enhances the growth of business (Voigt and Karl, 2012 pp. 636). It allows proper implementation of logistics and procedures that enhance harmonization and management of a business. With the use of technological advancements like emails, images, links, phones, tracking systems etc these processes are achieved (Jingchan and Felix, 2012 pp. 12). This paper explores the importance of communication in enhancing supplier and retailer relationships, using ...

Literature Review

It is found that oil prices have undergone critical decline over past couple of years for several reasons at the bottom of this decline. However, reducing demand triggered by increased production of oil in USA, over production by OPEC, and shift towards renewable sources of energy is considered the most fundamental reason behind current downtrend of oil prices. It conforms to the simple theory of demand and supply according to which demand and price are in positive, while price and supply are in negative relationship with each other (Stafford, 2015; Scott, 2015; Goldenberg, 2016; Arnold, 2008; Hensher, Rose, & Greene, ...

Introduction

The human body possesses a remarkable capability that can however be jeopardized by disease. Dental conditions occur as some of the most pertinent concerns in human health. Often connoted as Xerostomia, dry mouth occurs as one the dental conditions that jeopardize human health in different ways. Speaking of dry mouth, this connotes to any dental condition that precipitates dryness of the mouth. In fact, dry mouth occurs in cases where an individual experiences frequent episodes whereby the mouth becomes unusually dry. Many at times, dry mouth is elicited by the decrease in saliva production, which is often caused by the ...

Introduction.

Food production and consumption in the UK has changed the trend. This has mainly been contributed by the economy, society and the environment. Diet and attitudes to food have changed markedly in the recent years and it will continue to do so (Guides, 2011). Demand for quality food has risen and people aspire to eat both more healthy and buy food that has a reduced impact on the environment. Food culture in Britain is changing and people are turning on the new kinds of food. (Jackson,2009).

What a literature review is.

Literature review is an account of the things which has been published on a ...

Introduction

Waste management refers to the process of collecting, transporting and disposing trash, sewage and other waste materials. There are different sources of waste including residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal, agriculture and manufacturing and all these waste products whether solid, gaseous, liquid or radioactive come under the realm of waste management. Due to the rapid growth and fast development in Australia, the country has produced waste on humongous amount. As per the data provided by Australian Bureau of Statistics, the growth of average annual rate of waste production in Australia is about 5.4% between 1996-97 and 2006-07. ...

Requirement for the Manufacture of Drugs concerning Public Safety

Abstract
The study will focus on pharmaceutical companies’ standard operation procedures. More in depth, the study will determine if cleaning validation and verification is a successful way to keep the quality of manufactured drugs at a high standard. The importance of the validation of a sterilization process will be examined. The study will list reasons for validation of sterilization through a set of regulatory expectations put in place by the FDA.
The regulatory expectations of the FDA will support the methods and analysis used to conduct this study. The study will also examine the success and failure of cleaning validation through ...

In addition to the direct physical manifestation of swarm phenotype –increased length and number of flagella, swarm cells often produce wetting agent, usually a surface of some type, for instance, the surface in Serrtia (serrwettins) and Bacillus (surfcatin) (White, 2006). In both cases loss of surfactant dramatically decreases swearing proficiency in Bacillus as well as strains of E. Coli do not make surfactants, which is probably why they are such picky swimmers. Surfactants act mainly to maintain surface wetness, which in turn allows cells to swim in every shallow layer of fluid on the surface.
Research findings indicate that ...

Abstract

Total quality management is an approach steeped in scientific management. It involves an attempt to cut down on defects and meet what consumers require of a firm. TQM is based on the formulation of a system to monitor and control affairs and set and meet quality targets through a generalist framework. This is done through several approaches and systems including Six Sigma, Toyota Production System and ISO-9001.
This paper focuses on ISO-9001. It is an accreditation system that is utilized by registering with a global monitoring system that is applied over an extended period of usually 6 months. ISO-9001 ...

Distribution of Power in B2B Networks

Textile retailers have known amazing growth throughout the world doe to their ability to respond and create customer needs. Taking information from various sources, such as consumer behavior, market trends, economic and socio-political or technological and environmental influence upon business, retailers such as Zara and H&M have managed to develop into leading players of the textile industry. Nowadays information means power and it can be used in multiple ways for reaching objectives, in the business environment. In the fashion industry information is the key, along with other components, for negotiating power between retailers and manufacturers. Because they managed operations ...

Introduction

During the creation of the world, the world contains some amount of resources to produce energy. The need for light during dark period forced many scientists to invent the flow of energy called electricity. The need for electricity forced humans to use non renewable energy resources like coal, petroleum etc. The Human fails to understand the non renewable energy resources are depleting in nature and it will diminish after some years. Now all of them are searching for renewable energy resources, among them solar energy is the good renewable energy resources that can be obtained from sun. The suns ...

The piece by Goolsbee is ahead of its time. It talks about economics and how the wealthy are taxed. The effects of this are outlined and discussed in the paper. It speaks of the more responsive taxation when the top 10% of the most wealthy in the country pay taxes, and what happens to these contributions. With the recent economic crisis, this paper is very relevant and can be put into practice. The GDP and business cycles of the United States are discussed below in relation to the theory presented by Goolsbee. The distribution, effects and higher tax rates ...

Life cycle analysis may also be referred as life cycle assessment. It may be defined as a systematic tool or technique that evaluates the environmental aspects of a product as it gradually moves through all its stages of the life cycle. This implies the development from raw material extraction, through to the processing of the raw materials, manufacture of the final product, distribution of these products, their use, the repairs done to them and the maintenance that they require and lastly its disposal or recycling. The main importance of the LCA process is to reduce the environmental impacts of the products ...

Chapter 1 Literature Review

CHAPTER 1

Introduction
During the past decades Vitamin D deficiency had become a major health concern among many Asian countries. Even countries where the sun shines all year round Vitamin D deficiency is still prevalent. This problem is attributed to the dietary factors, inadequate exposure to sunlight and skin pigmentation among Asian people. In terms of skin pigmentation, the majority of Asian inhabitants have highly pigmented skin. Although high skin pigmentation it is generally beneficial because pigmentation reduces the penetration of ultra-violet rays it can also reduces the production of building blocks required to produce Vitamin D. In Saudi ...

Angola’s economy is ranked at number 160 as the freest economy as per the current index. The economic freedom of this African country has a score of 46.7. Currently, this score has improved by a point of 0.5 which is attributed to improved government performance in terms of spending, business and human workforce. Even throughout of the 46 sub-Saharan African countries, Angola comes number 38, its score is still low compared to other world and African economies. Angola’s economic freedom is being undermined by corruption political interference especially on judicial affairs. Oil and diamond dependency for revenue by the ...

What are the causes of muscular dystrophy in the elderly?

1.0 Introduction
Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of degenerative disorders that are hereditary and progressive which result in the weakening of the skeletal muscles. There is a variety of muscular dystrophy which differ in terms of onset, degree of severity, penetrance and pattern of muscles that are affected. The main types of muscular dystrophy include: facioscapulohumeral, congenital, myotonic, Duchenne, limb girdle and oculopharnygeal and distal. Some of these disorders manifest during the formative years of life but some only manifest later on. This therefore implies that muscular dystrophy is a group of degenerative disorders that affects people of all ages; ...

1.0 The Company and Its Products
Royal Dutch Shell PLC (Shell) is a public limited company, founded in 1907 as the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and registered in England and Wales with headquarters in The Hague, the Netherlands (Shell, 2014a, p. 9). After it was renamed in 2005, Shell became the single parent company of two publicly-traded subsidiaries: the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company (RDPC) and The “Shell” Transport and Trading Company (TSTTC) (later renamed as The Shell Transport and Trading Company Limited). RDPC handles upstream and downstream production activities, while TSTTC handles transportation and trading.
In the upstream segment, the ...

Introduction

Organizational culture denotes the procedure an organization follows in conducting its daily activities (Alvesson 2011). Corporate culture impacts the efficiency of the staffs, which subsequently affects the output of the business. A well-ordered culture motivates workers to improve their performance; hence, attain higher output. The external environment refers to the relationship developed by the company and stakeholders such as suppliers, retailers, and customers. The external environment has an important impact on the business since it affects the organizational culture. This paper will provide a literature review on organizational culture.

Literature review

Culture has a long-term effect on the business. It determines ...

Abstract

The writing delves deep into the structure known as Borobudur. The historical, cultural and religious significance of this architectural structure is explored in the course of the writing so as to comprehend how the temple complex is important even in the present times. In relation to the theoretical concept of flaneur as explicated by the famous theorist Walter Benjamin, the images of the structures present inside the temple complex of Borobudur are explored. (Benjamin, 1929) It is further explored how Borobudur could have in reality been a city. Indeed, this place was the focus of Buddhist worship and scholarship ...

Labor Market

Labor market is a form of the economy that functions through demand and the supply of labor. Labor demand is the companies demand; labor and supply focus on the supply of the labor workers. The bargaining power is likely to have high influence on both supply and demand. Majority of the nation is aware that the labor market institutions that have equalizing effects tend to encounter challenges (Peitchinis, 2005). Policy change is required in relation to equality since it ensures that the status quo focuses on both national and international change. Labor market comprises of employees searching for work, employers ...

Management Accounting Literature Review

The business environment in Malaysia has experienced several changes over the recent years. These changes have been brought about by globalization that has introduced new technologies in the country. The technologies have opened the business environment in Malaysia to new challenges and competitive forces. The central Government economic policy has helped business people to mitigate challenges associated with management accounting. The policy is in line with the country’s vision 2020, which aims at reforming the management of its resources, and it has contributed greatly to the manufacturing industry in the country. The manufacturing industry is a key contributor to ...

Thesis statement

Learning various languages expands the boundaries for people and provides the different opportunities to cross-cultural dialogue, business development and employment. About 60% of the World population speak more than one language. Acquiring correct and intellible pronunciation, according to general observation, is one of the hardest tasks for all language learners.
Most of the additional language learners develop an accent, that allows other people to distinguish non-native speaker and to make suggestions about her origin and native language. Presence of an accent commonly does not change intelligibility of the speech (perceived phonological constancy, Mulak et al., 2013), that is ...

INFORMATION SHARING AND DECISION MAKING IN HUMANITARIAN NGOS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Information Sharing and Decision Making in Humanitarian NGOs Supply Chain Management
4. Information Sharing
4.1. Concept and importance
Information sharing is one main driver in supply chain management, representing the basis of the entire supply chain management, as it provides the required data for the supply chain management (SCM) to make decisions (Ma, 2011). In a supply chain management, information sharing represents a form of coordination, connecting the members of the supply chain through various available technologies (Choi, 2010). Ma (2011, p. 876) defines information sharing in supply chain as an activity that facilitates the communication among partners ...

Discussion of the Dynamics of Endoplasmic Reticulum And Mitochondria

Introduction
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) of an organism forms an interconnected membrane network that extends from the outermost nuclear to the periphery cell wall. Mitochondria are a group of cell organelles that undergo fusion and fission at a constant rate. . In plants, daily regulation of energy is important for optimal growth thus mitochondria are important for integral regulation of the cellular responses for the survival of the plant. . In this paper, we are going to discuss the dynamics of ER and the mitochondria in plants by looking at the importance of Lat.B, AA and MV regulation energy in treated and ...

‘Marijuana Legalization: What Everyone Needs to Know’ is a well written book that discusses on use of marijuana. The Authors Jonathan P. Caulkins, Mark A.R. Kleiman and Angela Hawken probes a much debated issue whether marijuana should be legalized or not (Caulkins et al., 2012). These authors present a detailed survey report wherein more than half of American population suggests that use of marijuana should be legalized. These authors also take a view about national as well as international opinion on the use of marijuana. Currently marijuana is not permitted in several countries and its use is banned in almost every country across ...

Though reading for a majority of children may seem like second nature to them as they progress in classes, for some who suffer from reading disorders, it is a nightmare. This is because these children find themselves unable to master that ability of decoding words in print in an efficient manner. In a bid to cure this malady, several interventions have been undertaken amongst children. Nonetheless, of all interventions that have been undertaken over the years, phonological awareness intervention has elicited the most significant interest and attention. It is also the case that speech-language pathologists who work in preschool and work with ...

LITERATURE REVIEW: UNITED STATES ENERGY INDEPENDENCE

Question: How the concerns relating to the exploration of Shale gas were mitigated.

The issue of energy independence is a subject of debate that has dominated US politics for several decades. Virtually, every President since Richard Nixon to Barack Obama have pledged allegiance to assisting the United States realize the goal of energy dependence. Policy debates tend to focus on the strategies that could be implemented to minimize US’s dependence on foreign oil. Homans (2012) argues that the United States has remained independent on imported oil despite increasing demands for energy anxiety across the globe. According to Miller (2010), ...

INTRODUCTION

Inflation has been described by economics in various ways. A simple description of this condition is a reduction in the value of money of a country. An underlying cause of this is imbalance between the quantity of goods and services and the volume of money in circulation in an economy. Increased volume of money in circulation with respect to the goods in the economy causes inflation.
Hyperinflation is considered an extreme case of inflation. Many economists only regard it hyperinflation when the rate of inflation is at least 50% per month or 1000% per annum. Most hyperinflations are caused by ...

Smith’s Labor Theory of Value posits that in the early and rude state of society, prior to the emergence of capital and land appropriation, the value of a commodity can be measured only by the amount of labor needed for its acquisition. In other words, in the exchange of goods that are free, their value is ascertained by the amount of labor necessary for their production.

This is supported by Ricardo who suggests that commodities that possess utility and scarcity are, in themselves, valuable where their value is dependent on the capital and labor used for their production. As ...

Jay Kiley

Dr. Lorrie McGovern
Literature Review
Abstract
Innovations are inevitable in the business nowadays as they lead to the increased efficiency. The more efficient the company is, the higher the profit it gains. This is equally fair for the product innovation and management improvement. Moreover, financial innovations are now even more desired. All these changes are beneficial for all parties, as development of the entrepreneurship leads to the social and political improvements. Therefore, within this paper, a literature review will be performed to reveal main discussions on the innovations in the financial management, especially in the commercial lending. Both advantages ...