Introduction
In the agile environment that characterizes the prevailing markets, the survival of companies depends on publicity and advertising (Marder and Lindvall, 2014). The two elements are particularly significant in the building of strong company brands worldwide. Publicity is described as a “non-personal communication” that employs modes such as tapes, films, photographs, newsletters, feature articles, press conferences, media interviews, and press releases (Marder and Lindvall, 2014, p. 1). Although publicity can have positive impacts on a business and strengthen brand equity, negative publicity may have adverse consequences for the company. Typically, negative publicity refers to damaging information that tends to ...