Receptor Literature Reviews Samples For Students

1. Biot’s respiration named after Camille Biot is an abnormal ataxic breathing pattern, where rapid series of shallow respiration are followed by a period of apnea. In order to known how AMP kinase, knock down leads to Biot respiration in mice; it is necessary to known how AMP kinase affects respiratory rate. AMP kinase is a metabolic sensor and is activated in response to stretching of the lung alveolar cells and other stressors. During respiration, the lung goes through cycles of expansion and contraction (Budinger et al., 2008). When the alveolar cells stretch during expansion, the 5′ AMP-activated ...

"Are Protein-Protein interactions likely to be valid therapeutic targets for cancer therapy?"
In her paper entitled “Protein-Protein interactions and cancer: small molecules going in for the kill” Michelle Arkin raises questions regarding the grooved and linear regions that permit protein-protein bonds, the binding peptides also found in those regions, if those interfaces are tractable for small molecule discovery and what compounds might serve as bonding agents. Further investigation of compounds would include if they are active, inhibiting, and do they help further characterize the target. She documents tubulin and several others that have potential. Her conclusion confirms that ...

Sorting of the Receptor

Response to questions
Q. A Describe the main pathway turned ‘on’ by the EGFR to regulate cell growth
MAPK/ERK pathway is the main pathway, which is turned on by EGFR in order to regulate cell growth. This path comprises of a chain of proteins within the cell, which communicates a signal from the cell receptor surface to the DNA within the cell nucleus. When a molecule binds to the receptor at the cell surface, a signal is induced and ends when the DNA expresses a protein, which in turn produces some changes within the cell. One of the common changes are cell ...

How absentee fathers affect teen pregnancy in daughters

Introduction
The family is the basic unit of society. From this structure, individuals learn the tenets of how to integrate into society and cope with other members. Most mammal species live in the family unit, be it nuclear or extended. Within the family, members learn to bond, share and assist each other with difficulties. The human species shows the most sophisticated form of human organization. When children get born, they only get taught how to survive as adults, but there are certain values that parents must pass on to their children. Each family and society have different values and ...

Patient Situation and Literature Review

Patients receiving chemotherapy treatment for cancer experience a great deal of extremely unpleasant and severe side effects. These include immunosuppression, anemia, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms, peripheral neuropathy, alopecia and fatigue (Chemotherapy side effects, n.d.). Effectively managing these symptoms increases patient quality of life despite serious and potentially terminal illness and promotes compliance with treatment in order to optimize the benefits (Perwitasari et al., 2012). Nausea and vomiting are particularly distressing symptoms among patients and nurses working in the oncology ward must be knowledgeable regarding the range of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic techniques which can be used for control. This paper presents the ...

Soy beans and their derivative products contain naturally occurring compounds called isoflavones. The isoflavones, occurring predominantly as daidzein and genistein, are not in actual sense estrogens, and, thus, they do not increase estrogen levels in blood when diets rich in them are taken. However, they have been noted to affect estrogen metabolism. Also known sometimes as phytoestrogens, because of producing weak-estrogen like effects in the body, isoflavones usually bind to estrogen receptor proteins, which in turn interact with one’s genetic materials in the cell. In this way, isflavones would be mimicking some of the physiological effects of the ...

who have had an ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND

Prolonged lowering of a patient’s blood pressure after a stroke occurs has been observed to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke. Additionally, the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system in with regard to high-risk patients has also managed to reduce the rate of subsequent cardio vascular events, which includes stroke related complications. However, the effect of lowering a patient’s blood pressure using a renin-angiotestin system inhibitor such as Telmisartan, soon after an ischemic stroke has occurred has not yet been clearly established.
According to previous research studies and statistics retrieved from WHO, stroke has been ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of mortality in the US. According to American heart association statistics, nearly one million men and women succumb to various complications from CVD. In the US, CVD claims more lives than cancer and AIDS combined (CDC, 2012). It is also one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide (WHO). The economic cost of CVD in 2008 was estimated to be $448.9 billion, which was double the cost estimated for the year 2007, $219 billion.
There are a number of factors to the incidence of CVD. These include non modifiable factors such ...

BBB functions and physiology: The central nervous system (CNS) necessitates a highly controlled environment for its proper functioning. Blood brain barrier is the system which maintains the homeostasis of the CNS. It works by separating and shielding the brain from the constant changes in the nutrient and chemical composition of systemic blood. It protects the brain tissue from harmful chemicals that might be present in the blood. The key functions of the BBB are transport of nutrients from the blood to brain and metabolites in opposite direction to systemic circulation. Only a small number of molecules are allowed access through the ...

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a type of neuromuscular disease that causes certain muscles to fatigue and weaken. The disease is considered to affect voluntarily controlled muscles such as those involved in chewing, facial expression, speaking, eye and eyelid movements and swallowing. The disease occurs in all sexes and age groups. However, it commonly affects women under 40 years and people aged between 50 and 70 years in both sexes, though it is known to affect older people at large (Sieb, 2014). Within the UK, it is estimated that in 100,000 people, there are 15 cases of the disease. ...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has an important role in regulating cellular energy equilibrium. It acts as a cellular energy sensor and can respond to low levels of ATP in the body (Jornayvaz & Shulman, 2010). AMPK activation can positively regulates signaling pathways that are involved in replenishing cellular ATP supplies, fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis. AMPK is not only involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, but it is also involved in biogenesis of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) (Dominy & Puigserver, 2013). Research shows that AMPK increases mitochondrial biogenesis by inducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) transcription (Fernandez-Marcos & Auwerx, 2011). ...

Discussion of the Dynamics of Endoplasmic Reticulum And Mitochondria

Introduction
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) of an organism forms an interconnected membrane network that extends from the outermost nuclear to the periphery cell wall. Mitochondria are a group of cell organelles that undergo fusion and fission at a constant rate. . In plants, daily regulation of energy is important for optimal growth thus mitochondria are important for integral regulation of the cellular responses for the survival of the plant. . In this paper, we are going to discuss the dynamics of ER and the mitochondria in plants by looking at the importance of Lat.B, AA and MV regulation energy in treated and ...

Alcoholism is both a health and social issue that needs to be regulated or treated when necessary. Although the Alcoholic Anonymous support group was founded in 1935, the issue of alcohol abuse did not capture the attention of the US government until the second half of the 20th century when they started providing funds for rigorous scientific research on the physiological and psychological mechanisms responsible for the development of the disorder (Longabaugh & Magill, 2011). Today, pharmacological research is directed towards understanding the pathophysiology of alcoholism to develop suitable treatments while psychological research aims to understand the role of external factors ...