Utilitarianism Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Finance is arguably the most important facet to any organization’s endeavor. Not only is the finance factor a good indicator of a program’s overall health, but it also holds a vital role in the management or success of any health program. Since the core function of a health program is to ensure maximum involvement of populations affected by the disease in formulating policies and implementation, strategic planning with regard to finances becomes imperative. The impact of finance on the success of a program can be analyzed by taking into consideration concepts such as cost-effectiveness, cost benefit and cost utility. These finance concepts ...

The concept of the overall purpose and philosophy of man has been addressed and considered by many philosophers over the course of time; do we act merely for the pursuit of our own happiness, or do we focus on an essential concept of justice and reciprocity? In "Two Concepts of Rules," John Rawls demonstrates his desire to "show the importance of the distinction between justifying a practice and justifying a particular action falling under it," as well as the ease by which the significance of this distinction can be made (Rawls, p. 3). He does this through ...

Literature review: Poem “The Final Hour” by Yevgeniy Yevtushenko

The first thought after reading the poem is a doubt. Will there really be an end and liberation? Is there really anything out there greater than every day routine, and is there really anything beyond just striving to survive in everyday world? The struggle for resources that are becoming more and more scarce and the rat-race everyone has to participate in trying to catch up to today’s world pace is voiding a human of anything for the soul. In fact to the point that the human is not a soul, but a mere number, an account, an employee, a customer, and as a poet ...

Philosophy

Mill’s main argument is that consequences of an action are the sole criterion of its rightness and wrong, but that is not completely correct as other things besides consequences matters as well. Mill argues that consequences of an action are what determine whether the action is morally right or wrong. In his views, the object of all the actions is to increase happiness and reduce pain or unhappiness. If the end result of an action is, increase in happiness then the action is morally right, but if as the result of the action happiness is reduced it is ...

Introduction

The physiological and emotional impacts of stress have been widely discussed in the fields of social and health psychology. It is no longer a secret that exposure to stress carries a bevy of physiological and psychological detriments, yet the existing research on the best ways to mitigate the detrimental effects of stress is not as conclusive. While stress is frequently studied, the wide variety of operational definitions of stress, as well as the wide variety of stressors in existence make it difficult to create conclusive research. While there is no “one size fits all” approach to stress mitigation, there are some ...

1. PART 1

The world is full of connections; life connects humans to things, and vice versa. And this is very much portrayed through literary works. For instance, a very important family matter is talked about in Walker’s Everyday Use, and that is all about remembering and considering one’s own heritage. When Dee Wangero said “You just don’t understand your heritage” (America Public University System 375), what she meant is that they seem to forget their heritage – which points them to the quilts. A heritage ought to be very meaningful to every member of any family. One ...

All American Sestina by Florence Cassen Myers

This remarkable poem is surely one of the finest which has ever been written to describe the American Dream and all its fallacies and controversies. First of all it manages to create a situation where the American Dream is constantly invoked and described as something which is full of ambiguities. In one of the passages, Myers describes a ‘six pack Bud’ in the sense that this epitomizes the obvious imbalances that there are with fantasy and reality.
Myers also has other interesting aspects in the poem which create a sense of archaic dominance and there are some rather negative views of ...

Community members risk a great risk of getting themselves hurt at the hands of people prone to violence. The relevance of the study is that it highlights what is instrumental in determining the extent to which mentally ill and violent individuals are likely to pose risk to members of communities, be they prison, hospital or standard civilian groups of people. The literature review will include a board concept of community. Samuel (2015) defined the concept of community as applicable to a human group sharing a geographical area. Following this logic, the notion is possible to apply to patients and ...

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Introduction
Organizational stress, commonly known as work stress, is one of the top reasons for stress among people. In a survey conducted by Pleiter, it was found that 64% of the stress can be attributed to financial problems and 60% of the stress can be attributed to organizational issues or work related stress (Pleiter, 2015). Organizational stress and its impact on employee productivity and organization’s profitability has been a topic of research for many decades. Causes of ...

Introduction

It is challenging to fathom exactly what drives people towards accomplishment in life, but there are some reasons to believe that both external and internal forces play significance roles in motivation. “Motivation is the particular word commonly used to describe the situation of self-determination” (Deci & Ryan, 2014). The theory of motivation developed by Deci and Ryan (2014), suggest that individuals are necessarily driven by the need to grow to gain personal fulfillment. However, where does that motivation stems from? Deci and Ryan (2014) explain that “self-determination influences people towards accomplishing such tasks." First, people's activities and efforts are usually ...

Institutional Affiliation: Grand Valley State University

Introduction:
My literature review is on the concept of psychology of making and breaking habits and using incentives to get people to change their habits or start new ones. There has been a lot of study and research in the last decade over this topic. Charles Duhigg wrote one of the most revolutionizing books on this topic. The Power of Habit provided a psychological perspective on habits. The Power of Habit is one of the most powerful books ever written on habit formation and reformation. Several studies have also been undertaken to understand the effects of incentives on habit formation. ...

Introduction

The contemporary system of medical service has its respective roots in the health care system of the 19th century, where the dominating industrialization has resulted in the occurrence and further development of scientific medicine (Connerley and Wu, 2016). From the historical point of view, medical services have been provided by anyone who possesses enough skill/knowledge to be capable of healing people. In fact the majority of those people were the women (Evetts, 2000). According to the statistics of those days, it was less than 5% of women comprising the number of physicians working in the United States. The highest ...

Human Rights and Obligation

There is a sheer need to balance out rights and obligation in the Australian context. Human beings have the basic urge to demand their own rights, but when it come to provide rights to other, the attitude remains indifferent. Citizens should be made aware of the notion that with every kind of benefit, it comes a sense of responsibility. Human rights are the rights inherent to all people equally irrespective of their caste, creed, race, sex, nationality, religion or any other status. Every human being is entitled to human rights without any discrimination. These rights are indivisible, interdependent and ...

perceived value

Literature Review

Concept of Perceived Value
Hajj is known as the annual pilgrimage to Makah performed by various religious followers of the Muslim religions all over the world. Hajjj is considered as one of the largest annual events in the planet and managing such an event as a very tedious endeavour (Osman & Shaout, 2014, p.25). In order to make such events to be as pleasant, safe and rewarding as possible for the participants, the governments of countries where such mega events take place are required to invest a substantial amount of national resources. Most of the participants are Muslims ...

Retaining Careers Contribute to Child Well-Being and Future

Introduction
The purpose of this literature review is to assess various researches into the positive impacts of being a working mother, and to assess whether or not working mothers have positive impacts on their children’s well-being and future when compared to stay-at-home mothers. Evidence suggests that working mothers can serve as good role models and caregivers for their children in comparison to mothers who stay-at-home with their children (Figes 1) (Heinrich 122) (Sherman 1). The labor participation rate of mothers with underage children was almost 70 percent in 2013 (“Latest Annual Data”). These statistics suggest the importance and ...

Smart grids in the electricity sector are seen to be effective and reliable solution to the challenges that often face the industry. The electricity industry, over the past decades, has faced numerous challenges ranging from energy inefficiency, lack of privacy, to insecurity. The sector has seen increase in the number of electricity users, arrival of prosumers in the economy, energy efficiency becoming a necessity, and improvement in the supply of security across the globe. Information Technology solutions and equipment manufacturers are awaiting governments to invest on smart grids, as it is a sure way of realizing success in the energy sector ( ...

2. Literature review
The phrase Quality of work life (QWL) according to Stephen and Dhanapal (2011); Bagtasos (2011), originates back in 19th century labor conference at Arden House, Columbia University. Stephen and Dhanapal states that people use the term to refer to the well-being of organization employees. Nevertheless, Normala (2010) uses business perspective to define QWL as employee satisfaction and their work related behaviors. Stephen and Dhanapal indicates that QWL also affects employees in the way they response to their work in terms of job performance, job effort, organization identification, job involvement, job satisfaction, personal alienation, intention to ...

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Corresponding Address and email)

Health Promoting Behaviors
Health promoting behaviors by healthcare professionals could help in promoting the quality of life of people. Nola Pender discussed Health Promotion Model (HPM) in 1996 that was facilitating the determination of health promoting behaviors. The model provided the theoretical framework and showed the importance of perceptions about activity on individual behavior. It had three interrelating categories along with ten determinants influencing the health-promoting behavior. However, in the model, Pender did not incorporate a spiritual component. Researchers have found that spiritual well-beings and religious beliefs play important role in health promoting behavior (Boland, 2000).
...

A Modest Proposal is a satirical work by Jonathan Swift aimed at skewering English reactions to the then-contemporary issues of poverty and famine in Ireland. It revolves around a detailed argument that the problems of poverty, famine, overpopulation and many other social ills could be solved by selling one year old Irish children to be cooked and eaten dressed “hot from the knife, as we do roasting pigs” at English dinner tables (Swift, 1729, p.9). It was written in the early 18th century when Ireland was effectively an English colony and had been ruled as such for centuries. Colonialism ...

While caring for children with DD (developmental disabilities) can in some ways be rewarding (Benson, 2010, p. 218), it can also be extremely stressful. For both parents and professional caregivers, stress is a very common part of dealing with children with ID (intellectual disabilities) or ASD (autism spectrum disorders) (Mills & Rose, 2011, p. 846). One consequence of this kind of stress is a possibility of caregiver burnout. The following paper will examine the concept of "mindfulness" as it can be applied to professional and parental care for children with DD. A number of different research studies will be considered, ...

Introduction:

In modern life divorce has become a usual thing for many people though it is a tragic experience for almost all members of a family. About 50% of first marriages in the United States end in divorce and rates increase up to 60% among those who get married for the second time. Patrick F. Fagan and Aaron Churchill insist that divorce damages society and " consumes social and human capital". They have named several ways in which divorce can influence both certain individuals and society, they include increase of crime and drug use, drop of one's earning capacity, decrease of ...

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Corresponding Address and email)

Organizations from around the world are working on improving the qualities and capabilities of leaders and managers, and developing new leaders. Moreover, a large number of executives and officials consider leadership development as an important priority not only in the present world but also in the future. Nearly, two-thirds of 500 executives showed leadership development as their top most concern (Gurdjian, Halbeisen, & Lane, 2014). This is due to the fact that organizations can’t flourish with average leaders. Whereas, an exceptional leader can deal effectively with employee commitment, productivity, customer satisfaction, and profitability and these things ...

Divorce has become a common occurrence in the society today, and many individuals who take the extreme step of divorcing appear to have lost sight of the values and the vows that are associated with the institution of marriage. Many parents with growing children at home opt for divorce without realizing the damaging effects their one-time decision may have on the lives of their children. Even though divorce may be a relief to both the partners in marriage who find no further meaning in living together, it definitely is a life-transforming experience to their innocent children. For instance, after ...

Introduction

Society compels individuals to engage in productive activities to provide for their needs and those of their families. In fact, close to 65 percent of the United States population engages in full and part time works to secure a living (Kossek, Pichler, Meece & Barrat, 2008). In addition to meeting financial essentials, there is a need to meet one’s caregiving and social responsibilities regarding their families. Specifically, parents ought care for their children, spend time with them while monitoring their growth, attend their doctors. In infancy the level of responsibility is heightened and the parents, especially the mother in ...

Psychology's Role in the Workplace: Promoting Well-Being and Raising Awareness

Any psychologically healthy business should foster its employees into the well-being while boosting organizational performance and productivity. Psychologically healthy and balanced workplace practices may be grouped into several categories: employee engagement, work-life balance, staff growth and improvement, health and basic safety, and employee recognition.
You should note that there is no basic approach to creating an emotionally healthy workplace. Accomplishment of this goal is based, in part, in addressing the problems unique to the organization and drawing awareness to programs and insurance policies to meet their employee’s needs. One problem in the workplace is stress. This may ...

ID Number
The Communist Party of China overthrew imperialism, capitalism, and feudalism, and ultimately won the new-democratic revolution and established the People’s Republic of China. Through this, the socialist transformation of the private ownership through production was accomplished, exploitation was abolished, and the socialist system was eventually established. The Chinese constitution states that all power belongs to the people and that the state provides protection to the interests and lawful rights of the minorities and develops and upholds the relationship of unity, equality, and shared assistance among all people in China. Discrimination and oppression are prohibited including ...

Thesis Statement

Introduction
In the recent economic times, the advanced technology has been able to facilitate innovative online business platform where consumers can easily purchase products over the internet. However, this has developed various impacts with regards to the economy due to the increased online shopping by a majority of the modern consumer. It is believed that online shopping will continue to present tremendous impacts to the economy due to its acceptance by the majority of consumers in the global markets. This study will therefore, seek to reveal the impacts of online shopping to the economy by taking an in depth ...

Introduction

Growth and development is an umbrella term for everything that happens to an organism after a certain period of time that leads to maturity. Human growth and development are two terms that are usually misinterpreted and at times, interchanged. It would be important to know as early as now that these two terms do not carry the same meaning and are therefore not interchangeable. Growth refers to the process wherein part of an organism’s body increases in size, diameter, or length. One practical example of growth that typically occurs in humans is the increase in the size, diameter, and ...

Workplace behaviour is a common topic of modern psychological studies behaviour within an organisation is an important aspect of human psychological functioning. Work psychology is mainly concerned with several relationships, but the main issues are the relationship between the individual and the individual’s work and the relationships among the members of an organisation (J. Arnold et al., 2005). Other areas of interest for work psychology are personnel selection, education, performance appraisals, organisational development, personal development, workplace safety, and motivation (J. Arnold et al., 2005). Despite the amount of different factors that define workplace behaviour, knowing leadership skills, employee motivation ...

Synopsis

Franny and Zoey were written as two different stories, the first being a short story about Franny, a college student dissatisfied with the pretentious American society as epitomized by her boyfriend, Lane. He even pretends he does not remember the letter he was just reading before the train arrived. The events of the story take place at a French restaurant where Lane takes Franny during their date, and the conversation that ensues is indicative of just how the two are different. Lane talks incessantly about his school work and assumes that Franny does not understand some of the words ...

Adolescent Food Consumption

I. Adolescence and food consumption during adolescence
Adolescence is a critical period of an individual’s growth because this is a stage where most of the growth and development occurs. Most pubescents are sensitive about the food they consume, and they tend to either overeat or undereat. Adolescent eating habits may be either healthy or unhealthy depending on various reasons they may have or encounter. Despite the fact that most teenagers take unhealthy meals there are some adolescents who have good and healthy eating habits.
A. Healthy Eating Habits. In a study, researchers conducted a survey of more than ...

Durkal et al. (2011) in their study sought to determine the impact of universal social and emotional learning (SEL) programs for students. The students in the intervention groups (SEL), there were significant cases of reduced stress and high ability to manage anxiety, coping and relaxation even within the demanding academic schedule. The researchers are of the view that undergraduate students have to balance their curriculum roles, their social life as well as their human development from a holistic perspective.
Williams (2014) sought to determine the impact of stress-reducing interventions when adopted by nursing students in a bid to increase ...

Literature Review

Introduction
Employee turnover can be defined as the rotation of individuals around the labor market, between jobs, organizations, and careers. Besides, it is the amount of movement of workers in and out of a company, normally occur in terms of the employee turnover rate (Ronra & Chaisawat, 2010). Employees may involuntarily leave the company as a result of discharge or layoff, or voluntarily because of retirement or resignation. In most cases, voluntary turnover takes place when a worker feels dissatisfaction with his current job and has attractive alternatives in other companies.
Employee turnover and retention have always been key issues ...

Introduction

Cloud computing provides enterprises and private customers shared resources in the form of computational power and memory for performing strenuous computing tasks. These ubiquitous and on-demand services are offered by distributed servers through high speed internet. The biggest advantage of cloud computing services is that consumers could easily avoid developing their in-house gigantic computing services. They could easily hire resources from cloud computing services and need not having their dedicated computational infrastructure.
There are various models of cloud computing for intelligently utilizing the resources. For managing dedicated on-demand computing resources for many users, a huge amount of cost incurs ...

The concurrent society compels individuals to engage in productive activities to provide for their needs and those of their families. In fact, close to 65 percent of the United States population engages in full and part time works to secure a living (Kossek, Pichler, Meece & Barrat, 2008). In addition to meeting financial essentials, there is a need to sustain one’s social responsibilities regarding their families. Precisely, parents have a responsibility to care for their children, spend time with them while monitoring their growth. In cases where the children are infants, the level of responsibility is heightened and the ...

The paper on the childhood obesity will present the preliminary literature review and an action item checklist with the goals to achieve reduction of the problem that is on the increase. The child obesity has become a vast problem of the developed world and modern way of living which must be controlled in order to have a healthier population. The obesity has been quickly spreading and the prevention of childhood obesity must become a priority in improving the nation’s health.
There are two major effects of child obesity one is the physical health that is more documented and ...

English

Abstract
Going to college is an important landmark in the life of a student. College life provides a sudden experience of freedom that was so far unavailable to students. With the newfound freedom, students aggressively pursue an active social life. Coupled with social activity lies academic pressure. Requirements of academics force students to stay awake at night to prepare for class. A combination of social activity and academic pressure invariably takes a toll on the sleep quality and quantity of students. They, therefore, become inevitably sleepy in class. A number of researchers have explored the aspects of sleepiness, sleep quality and ...

Part – 1 (Assignment Worksheet Quantitative)

The title of the quantitative research study systematically attempts to explore the variables determining the performance of nursing students in NCLEX-PN licensure examination. The study variables including the test scores of nurses, their theory grades, nursing education, selective admission practices, cumulative GPA (grade point average), SAT/ACT/NLN scores and grades obtained in pre-nursing courses prove to be the preliminary factors in determining the success of nurses in NCLEX - PN examination. The evidence based research literature contends the significance of previous academic performance and examination preparation of nurses on their prospective performance in various professional evaluations (McKenzie, 2008, p. 30). ...

Self-reliance

“Be yourself; no base imitator of another, but your best self. There is something, which you can do better than another. Listen to the inward voice and bravely obey that. Do the things at which you are great, not what you were never made for.” (Emerson) (Nina et al, 1094)
In this quote, Emerson urges people to remain themselves at all times. He insists on people obeying their natural instincts, trusting in their intrinsic abilities and doing the things that they can do best. He believes that by so doing everyone will be able to rely in him/herself.
...

Projections indicate that chronic diseases could account for nearly 60% of deaths and disabilities by the end of this decade. Chronic diseases do not only cause illness to an individual but also affect their well-being and that of their close associates. Chronic diseases cause health complications that result to disabilities, functional impairment, high rates of premature mortality, mortality and prolonged illnesses. Controlling chronic diseases requires culturally and socially competitive approaches (Singh, D., 2008). This paper will seek to address the Tuberculosis diseases (TB), a communicable chronic disease, using the Ontario Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Model (CDPM).
TB has ...

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Tricyclic antidepressants vs Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in treatment of Depression

In recent decades, SSRIs have become the first-choice treatment for depression. The efficacy and acceptability, as well as cost-efficiency of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) versus the older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are studied by many researchers. Most of scholars agree that the both classes of antidepressants are almost equally efficient (Marton, 2003.) According to Marton (2003), a small trend towards greater efficacy of TCAs was found when the outcome was measured in terms of depression scales, and towards SSRIs – in terms of global impression scores.
But Faravelli and colleagues (2003) argue that in most studied cases, ...

Plot Summary

The Great Gatsby is a book that focuses and tries to give the events of a fictional town and characters. The plot is focused on Nick a former graduate scholar and a war veteran who is the narrator of the story that the novel aims at putting across. Nick takes up employment as a salesperson in the City of New York, where he settles and takes up residence in long island near the exclusive mansion of the rich mysterious jay Gatsby. Jay Gatsby is known in the town due to the exclusive and huge parties that he holds in his residence. During Nick’s ...

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Introduction

Cyberbullying is a recurrent reason of emotional distress among children and adolescents. This situation becomes further complex by interpersonal safety issues. These safety issues come through the peer group of adolescents and are difficult to control and monitor. This paper will give an account of cyber bullying, some common responses of adolescents to cyberbullying and the ways to fight it. There exist a lot of technological tools to combat cyberbullying. But it is an interpersonal issue in the social situation. It is, therefore, necessary to build a foundation ...

1. Introduction
The banking industry is one of the most important and crucial industries in any economy as they perform many vital financial functions associated with the development of the nation’s economy (Scott, 2007). The utility provided by banks to the customers determines the popularity of the bank in the market and likewise also has an impact on the competitive position of the bank in a particular market.
As banks are a part of the service industry, the competency of a given banks is largely dependent on the human resources employed in the organisation. This document analyses the aspect ...

Denying children a chance to interact with nature in the smallest magnitude robes the true beauty of life. Outdoor environment is not only a place to burn calories, but it is also a platform in which children can foster the learning skills. According to miller 1989 and Burdette and Whitaker (2004), it is accepted that freely chosen outdoor games and activities help children learn life skills such as social competence, creative thinking, problem -solving and safety skills necessary for adult life. Burdette and Whitaker (2005), emphasizes that if children have regular opportunities to mingle with nature, they will be smarter, healthier, happier. ...

Introduction

Pregnancy is a milestone characterized by changes in many aspects of women’s lives in ways that can promote or undermine health. It is important for women to cope successfully and be healthy from conception through birth and beyond to achieve the best health outcomes for them and their newborns. Adequate physical activity has many health benefits and should be continued throughout pregnancy. Programs that promote exercise help pregnant women initiate and maintain greater physical activity and a healthier lifestyle. Such programs must consider the unique characteristics, circumstances, and health status of gravid women to be appropriate and effective. Using guidelines ...

Question 2

Ethics is a philosophical discipline that attempts to answer fundamental questions regarding what is right and wrong in the contemporary society (Von, 13). Ethics define the acceptable code of conduct of an individual. It also seeks ways to determine the right course of action in practical scenarios.

Categories of ethics

Emotive ethics
This holds that what is right or wrong should be based on an individual’s emotions and feelings. It falls into the empirical category of ethics. Here, ethical sentences do not express propositions but the emotional attitudes of the concerned.

Ethical Egoism

The idea behind ethical egoism is that all persons have ...

On September 17th, 2011, a group of local organizers, students and activists gathered in Zuccotti Park in Manhattan, the New York City’s financial district in protest against corporate greed and government exploitation that contributed to the global economic meltdown. This international protest movement was called Occupy Wall Street (OWS) which expresses concerns on moral and economic issues such as social injustice, income inequality and disparity, corruption, greed and the influence of corporations on politics.

Moral and Economic Implications

The movement’s moral implication is to fight against oppression and unfair economic system urging the government to focus its concern for the 99% who ...

Introduction

Point of Comparison
The first point of comparison between a happy pig and depressed human can be observed in the major character of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. After Gatsby’s meeting with Daisy, there was an apparent change in him. It seems that Daisy has a strong characteristic that changed Gatsby from a happy pig into a depressed man. The mere fact Gatsby has the materialistic possessions that only the intellectual individuals would have attained made Daisy believe that Gatsby is in fact a person of intellect. On the other hand, Gatsby’s blooming interest on Daisy opened him up to a profound change. ...

Literature Review

Literature review is the process of describing the relevant literature to a given topic or piece of work. It is beneficial because it gives the reader a glimpse of the existing, relevant theories and hypotheses including the methodologies useful in that field of work or topic. It makes use of secondary sources a representation that the research has no new information. In my literature review, I will discuss the different aspects of homelessness among blacks and ethnic minority groups in the UK.
My method of searching for relevant sources include a wide search of various websites among them, governmental departments, shelter England, ...

Introduction

Many a times parents do not realize that their attitudes towards their children is affecting them seriously, which results in impulsive and irrational behavior leading to dangerous consequences. The difference in adolescent behavior can be observed but without the knowledge of the reasons as to why such behaviors are escalating, both parents and teachers are unable to solve them. Hence it is important to study the reasons of such behaviors so that we understand how these individual differences affect children and be able to manage such erupting behavior problems.
Moreover, it is important to identify children and parents who ...

Literature Review: Construction Waste Management

The two articles being reviewed in this paper are: a) Multi-Attribute Decision Making in Choosing Suitable Construction Waste Management Methods , and b) A Framework for Managing Construction Demolition Waste: Economic determinants of recycling , both addressing the decision making process in construction waste material management.

Zhang and Li primarily address the topic of scientific methods that can be used to measure variables that affect effective decision making in the efficient disposal of construction waste. The authors highlight that as populations and economies grow, a city’s real estate needs expand too. In such cases, construction of buildings and infrastructural facilities also rise in ...

Multicultural and Diversity Aspects of Empowerment Counseling

The realization that the demographics of the United States of America will be made up of a considerably large number of ethnic groups who have been considered minorities before has raised the importance of multicultural and diversity training among counselors dealing with mental health (National Association Of Social Workers, 2001). According to Nassar-McMillian & Niles (2010) empowerment counseling focuses on enhancing clients self esteem, decision making skills, and developing his or her social, life, and health skills. This literature review will provide insight into multicultural and diversity aspects of empowerment counseling. The focus of the literature will be why it is ...