Antibiotics Reports Samples For Students

Antibiotic resistance occurs when there is a gain or change in the DNA of the bacterial organism. Most mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are associated with plasmid-mediated transfer of genetic information; using transposons facilitates the transfer of information, and in fact many common modes of resistance are associated with transposons such as beta – lactamases, tetracycline resistance and aminoglycoside resistance (Microbiology, 2007 pg. 64-65). Resistance is accomplished by one of three mechanisms (Microbiology, 2007 pg.65):
- Decreased uptake
- Alteration of target site: A change in the penicillin binding site of certain bacterial cell walls leads to less binding. ...

Introduction and Background

In assessing the impact of microbes in the New South Wales (NSW) health system, it was discovered after laboratory testing evaluating Part A and B categories different types of colonies were discovered, for laboratory 1 evaluations. In laboratory 11specimens used in this experiment were blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid; sputum, swabs from and

Mucous membranes.

Bacteria colony morphology:-. E Coli. This bacterium appeared to be creamy, shinny and rose to a level of 2-3 mm. M Luteus. This one was yellow shinny circular and rose to 1-2 mm. Fungal colony morphology; Saccharomytes cerevsaie ( yeast) and Aspergillus nidulans ( Mould ). Precautions must be taken while ...

Effectiveness and action of different antibiotics on bacterial cells

Introduction
Antibiotics are used to kill microorganism or inhibit their ability to multiply (DIANE Publishing Company 73). Different antibiotics kill bacteria and other microorganisms with varied effectiveness. A simple mechanism of determining the effectiveness and action of antibiotics on bacteria is using the zone of inhibition method (DIANE Publishing Company 112). This experiment requires application of an antibiotic chemical to an inoculated plate. The culture in which bacteria are to grow and reproduce is then incubated after which observations are made to identify the zone of inhibition. A clear zone on the plate is an indication that the ...

Executive Summary

This paper discusses KFC, also referred to as Kentucky Fried Chicken. Specifically, the paper examines how the company is proposing certain changes in its menu offerings and the removal of antibiotics from its chicken. The paper looks at these proposed changes through the Lewin model and describes the challenges that the company will face both internally and externally in terms of these changes actually remaining given the context of the company being that of serving home-style cuisine.

Recommendation

The paper makes recommendations of how the company can effectively make sure that it does not falter on the proposed changes in ...

Introduction:

The bacterial negative gram bacilli group Enterobacterriaceae have both motile and non-mitole relationships with peritrichouse flagella. Both types of bacteria, however, have the ability to fermet glucose and get nitrite from nitrates, as well as produce gas. They are a common find in greenhouses, and there are hundreds of species of this microorganism, including Proteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella Enterobacter, pneomoniae, etc. The pathogenic types of this bacteria have the ability to bring about diseases in animals and humans.

In this test, two varying types of Enterobacteriaceae will be identified (Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli. This will be accomplished ...

Lab partners

The transformation of bacterial cells using Puc18 plasmid as a vector
Abstract
In molecular cloning experiments, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism and then broken into smaller fragments through digestion with restriction enzymes. The fragments of restriction enzyme digestion are then ligated /combined with some vector DNA to produce recombinant DNA molecules. These recombinant DNA molecules are then introduced into a host organism. When the host organism replicates, the recombinant molecule is replicated together with it. With time, large populations of transformed cells or clones are generated expressing the genotype and phenotype of the inserted ...

Abstract

Transformation remains, and hugely significant tool in extending the borders of life sciences and medicine. It can be referred as fixing intracellular DNA into a bacteria or organism through the vector, thus transforming it. This paper uses plasmid pUC18, self-reproducing circular/spherical strands of genes that may be modified. After the bacteria absorb the vector, some proteins not usually synthesized will occur. In this study, a system has been developed to monitor the transmittance of different DNA (genes) from a genetically transformed strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to E. coli. This mechanism is centered on yeast strains that contain several integrated ...

Introduction

This report is a summary of Sections 3.1 to 3.10 of Chapter 3 – “Infectious Diseases and Treatments” – of “Biology of Disease” (Ahmed, Dawson, Smith & Wood, 2007).
Section 3.1: Introduction. A small number of pathogenic microorganisms can cause systemic disease – affecting the entire body. This chapter looks at selected examples of major body systems infections, including microorganisms that can cause generalized infections.

Section 3.2: Infections of the Skin. As an important part of the body’s immune defense system, the skin is normally populated by various microorganisms, which effectively prevent access by invading microorganisms such as Papillomaviruses ...

Panther I.D.:

“The expression of ampicillin resistance and luciferase enzyme genes by E. coli transformation using the pUC18 and lux plasmids”
Abstract
The transformation process allows the uptake of DNA from the environment, with the incorporation and expression of genes. During this process, changes in the DNA of the receptor cell occur, producing some selective advantages in some cases, such as resistance to antibiotics. pUC18 and lux plasmids were used to determine the transformation process in Escherichia coli. Cells were made competent by the addition of calcium chloride and heat shock in order to induce the incorporation of the ...

REPORT ON BACILLUS SUBTILIS

INTRODUCTION
Bacillus subtilis is a gram-positive bacterium. It is saprophytic in nature. Mostly, it has been found that this bacterium exists in the form of spores rather than being biologically active. The ability to form these spores which are referred to as endospores enables them to survive adverse conditions. Some of the B. subtilis are found to be pathogenic for mammals and insects. The habitat of B. subtilis is soil, river and decomposing plant material . B. subtilis can be divided into two major types, one being that which is applied to the foliage of the plant and the other ...

The process of identifying an organism involves the determination of where an isolate or an organism needs to be placed within a group of organisms that are already known. The process is usually done to conform to a given scheme of classification. Most of the microorganisms that may be found in the environment require to be identified aiming at identifying the different species that may be found in a given environment. The identification enables physicists and health workers to associated different sources with different organisms especially those that cause diseases. Organism classification may also help in the diagnosis of different disease by ...

TA
ABSTRACT – Genetic engineering now has straight forward ecofriendly strategies to produce transformation in plasmids. The transformation process allows engineers to introduce DNa with specific desired capabilities into a host plasmid. In this way plants can be created that are able to resist a particular enemy or stressor without having to use toxics like herbicides and insecticides. The bacteria E. Coli was used to determine whether it can be made resistant to ampicillin or not. AmpR was integrated into the host cells and the tracer, GFP was used to identify expressed cells. The laboratory demonstrated that transformation by plasmids so ...

Introduction

The immunological disorders in an individual can occur due to three different reasons. This includes immunological diseases in an immunocompromised individual, or “autoimmune diseases”, or finally an immunological hypersensitivity that can lead to tissue damage.

Immunodeficiency diseases

Immunodeficiency diseases occur due to malfunctioning of the organs or cells in an individual. They are further classified as primary immunodeficiency (PID) and secondary immunodeficiency (SID).

Primary immunodeficiency disease

They occur when there is a direct defect in the immune system. They are further classified into eight groups depending upon the site of the defect.
Combined T and B deficiencies. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is an excellent ...

Introduction p. 3

Significance p. 4
Trend Drivers and Patterns p. 5
Impact on the Hospitality Industry p. 7
Subway: A Case Study p. 7
Impact on Future Professional Development p. 9
Conclusion p. 10
References p. 11
Chemicals in the food chain and the relevance to the hospitality industry.
1.0 Introduction:
In the past, the process of a food chain was simple; foods were eaten as they were produces due to lack of preservation techniques. While it was considered to be important, food was categorized as just a commodity (Gauther, 2012). As industrialization increased, farmers became more distant from consumers and ...

Advantages and disadvantages of having a circumcision

Various persons and groups have advocated for and against circumcision, often citing various advantages or disadvantages to back up their respective positions. Some advantages according to Elist (2013a), the National Health Service (NHS) (2016) and Webmd (2014) include the reduced risk of developing urinary tract infections (UTIs), sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) especially HIV, cancer of the penis and cervical cancer in female partners. It also acts as prophylaxis against balanitis, balanoposthitis phimosis and paraphimosis as well as facilitates the maintenance of penis hygiene (Elist, 2013b; NHS, 2016; Webmd, 2014; Wiswell, 1997). Disadvantages of the procedure include complications which may ...

Introduction

Most of the microorganisms naturally present in the human body are harmless commensals. However, there also exists other disease causing microorganisms known as pathogens and the mechanism by which they cause disease is known as pathogenesis. These pathogens persist or multiply within the host causing infection. Some pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered as opportunistic pathogens that cause disease only in patients with compromised immunity and only under certain conditions. The infectious diseases may be treated with antibiotic drugs. However, it is important to know the different types of pathogens and the virulence factors by which they cause disease ...

Effect of lemon, garlic, and whole Jalapeño pepper on Bacillus

Introduction

Most of the commonly used fruits and spices have been studied for their possible antimicrobial properties. Spices can be defined as the plant substances that are used to increase the flavor. They may include leaves such as mint and coriander, flowers such as clover, bulbs such as turmeric and garlic, fruits such as pepper and lemon, stems such as cinnamon, and rhizomes such as ginger. These plants can have some bioactive molecules having both antibacterial and antifungal properties. Extracts from plants such as garlic and lemon are effective ...

Analysis of Culture Cell KU812F with Three Protocols

Abstract
Protein analysis for cancer cell research has been found to be extremely reliable. The culture cell KU812F (chronicle myeloid leukemia cell line) was used for this laboratory. Globin gene switching was observed by evaluating the gene expression in the cells. Gene expression and protein folding were provoked. Gene expression is the process of transcribing DNA to cDNA and then used qPCR to study gene expression. cDNA was translated into mRNA which in turn is translated into a protein. mRNA concentration was analyzed. The three protocols were Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Enzyme-Linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), and ...

Introduction

Surgical site infections (SSI) are surgical wound infections that occur within 30 days after a surgical intervention. Surgical site infections are complications accompanied with significant post-surgical morbidity and mortality (Reichman and Greenberg 2009). Astagneau et al. (2001) pointed that more than 30% of the postoperative mortality can be associated to some extend with some complications related to surgical site infections. SSI’s can vary in severity from small local inflammation on the site of incision to a serious infection that can endanger the life of the patient. The resolution of SSI can also result in serious cosmetic, functional and even debilitating ...

Major communicable diseases

Disease state is a state of discomfort whereby there is disturbance of the normal body function. This state of discomfort results from different causes and effects. There are several types of disease and they are being influenced by different factors such as environment, poverty, and other factors. Modes of contacting diseases are mainly categorized into communicable and non-communicable diseases. The communicable diseases are those diseases that spread from one individual to another through either by direct or indirect contact. The three major communicable diseases selected are the cholera, typhoid, and tuberculosis. The most affected countries are Tuberculosis...South Africa, Typhoid fever...India ...

How Medicine Evolved

Introduction

Medicine is a subject that deals with ways of restoring the health of a living thing (Zimmer, 2004). The many procedures of restoring health all have the goal of identifying and curing of the disease in the living thing. Modern medicine uses latest medical technology and research in diagnosing and treating diseases. This is a major change from the past as nowadays illness identification processes are more accurate. Incurable and killer diseases, such as cancer and AIDS, are now manageable with the life expectancy extended unlike in the past.

Evolution of Medicine

The ancient form of medicine and medical practices in the early society ...

This manual identifies bacterium according to their functional attribute as well as according to their structure and arranging them according to a certain specific familial arrangement (University of Idaho 1). For instance, in this study and using Bergey’s Manual, we are supposed to identify the species and genus of a sample of bacteria. By using the Bergy’s manual and through identifying the bacterium according to their functional attribute as well as according to their structure and arranging them according to a certain specific familial arrangement; the following is derived

• Gram-positive cocci bacteria
• Micrococcus spp, Staphylococcus spp,
• Streptococcus spp,
• Enterococcus spp
• ...
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