Fluid Reports Samples For Students

BERNOULLI’S EXPERIMENT

ABSTRACT
Two fluid properties, the Bernoulli principle and the Venturi effect, were examined and analyzed in this experiment. A venturi meter was used to measure the fluid flow rate, velocity, and pressure of water (the fluid being examined). The results showed that the fluid pressure decreases as the fluid traveled through a smaller cross sectional area. The minimum fluid pressure (in effect, maximum fluid velocity) was observed in the smallest cross sectional area at position D (diameter 16 mm). The decrease in fluid pressure was compensated by an increase in the fluid velocity. With these two measured phenomena, both ...

Introduction

The experiment was conducted to establish the association between head loss as a result of fluid friction and the flow rate of water. Turbulent and laminar flow within the pipe were also investigated. Fluid Friction Equipment containing three bore pipes was used to take the data of head loss at dissimilar velocities. Different readings on volume, time, flow rate, pipe diameter, and velocity and head loss of both mercury and water were collected. The data collected were used to investigate the association between head loss due to friction and the flow rate of water through bore pipes. An estimate ...

Introduction

The experiment was conducted to examine the validity of Bernoulli’s Principle as applied to the flow of water in a tapering circular duct. It employed the use of Bernoulli’s Theorem Demonstration Apparatus, hydraulics bench and a stopwatch to gather relevant data. The volume of water was measured and its flow was timed using the stopwatch. The two values were used to calculate the flow rate of the fluid. Additionally, the manometer readings were collected and used to compute the velocity of the fluid at each tapping position. The values were used to calculate the theoretical velocity head ...

BERNOULLI’S EXPERIMENT

INTRODUCTION
This experiment aims to verify Bernoulli’s equation that relates the pressure and the velocity of a fluid. The aims of the experiment are:
A venturi meter is a device used in fluid measurements. It uses a converging section of a pipe in order to change fluid velocity or pressure. The venturi meter in this experiment is used several times to estimate flow rates and measure piezometric head values at different points along the venturi meter.
The fluid used in this experiment is water. Bernoulli’s equation is a mathematical model for ideal fluids. Because of this, the ...

Introduction

The main objectives of this report include; designing the operational principles of parallel and counter flow of heat exchangers. Improving the understanding of fluid temperature and flow rate heat exchangers and lastly to calculate and determine the overall heat transfer coefficient of a heat exchanger ("Superplastic duplex stainless steel heads for the heat exchanger market", 2010).
The parallel flow of fluid is characterized by the flow of cold and hot fluids in the same direction; it, therefore, means that the entrance for the two fluids are in the same direction likewise their exit are also normally in the same ...

Introduction

A theoretical research was conducted to demonstrate and to understand several fundamentals of hydraulics. This lab entailed information gathering and analysis of hydraulic fundamentals. It employed the use of both primary sources and secondary sources to collect relevant information on the selected topics on hydraulic fundamentals. The aim of the lab was to research and understand several fundamentals of hydraulics. The fundamentals were identified, defined and described in a non-technical manner. Additionally, the importance of the hydraulic fundamentals was briefly discussed. The scope of the lab was confined to a list of hydraulic fundamentals which included hydraulic head, the ...

Introduction

The flow of a given volume of fluid through a pipe requires a given amount of energy. In order for fluid flow to occur, there must be pressure or energy difference. During fluid flow through a pipe, energy is lost. The main causes of this loss are the resistance encountered by the fluid in the process of its movement through the pipe. Viscosity is one of the most common forms of resistance to fluid flow through a pipe (Noltingk, 1985, p. 5). Fluids that have high viscosity tend to exhibit high resistance while flowing through a pipe (Considine and ...

My Name

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Lab Report
Objectives
Introduction
A heat exchanger refers to a gadget that aids the transfer of heat from one fluid to another. The fluids involved can either be in direct contact or separated to avoid mixing (Ramesh & Sekulic, 2003). They are in common use in sewage treatment, natural gas processing, petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, chemical plants, power stations, air conditioning, refrigeration, and space heating. A perfect example of a heat exchanger is in the internal combustion engine (ICE) (Hiereth & Prenninger, 2010). In such a situation, a circulating fluid called engine cooler flows over the ...

Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to determine the relationship between the diameter of a steel ball and its terminal velocity in glycerol. Four balls with different diameters were put in a transparent cylinder full of glycerol. The velocity of the ball was calculated based on the time taken for the ball to pass from one mark on the cylinder to another. The results showed that an increase in the diameter of the steel ball leads to an increase in terminal velocity. Besides, the results show that the larger the diameter of the steel ball is, the faster the ...

Abstract

Rose hip (Rosa Canina), often cultivated for its fruits, are orange-red oval berries, which seeds (including shells) are used in supporting the treatment of bladder infection, diarrhea, diabetes, and related conditions often in the form of a 3-g powdered seeds capsule. Its seed oil contains ascorbic acid, carotenoids, polyphenols, and GOPO, which reduces inflammation and pain, and lowers inflammatory markers. Extraction methods used include solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and subcritical fluid extraction. Licensed rose hip supplement products include Hyben Vital and LitoZin/i-flex. Hyben Vital dosage is twice daily for 3 to 4 months to reduce osteoarthritic pain and ...

Wave and Wind Power Generation

Wind Physics Basics
Wind is atmospheric air which is in motion
Energy Source
The earth surface absorbs solar radiation differently. Some parts absorb more radiation than other. This creates pressure zones. As a result of pressure, air moves from high-pressure zones to low-pressure zones. This causes atmospheric air motion known as wind. Wind is a renewable source of energy. It is constantly available free of charge (Bhattacharyya, 2011).

Spatial scales

Atmospheric air motion can be categorized depending in terms of spatial scale. Four spatial scales identified include planetary scale, synoptic scale, mesoscale, and microscale. There are various types of spatial scales ...

Introduction

At times, industries require the temperatures to be kept below the ambient for some processes to be effective. To do so, they must design ways to eliminate the excess heat generated by machines and introduce an artificial room temperature lower than the ambient. They must effectively eliminate temperatures above the ambient. A refrigerator is thus required in these operations. This refers to a device that can maintain the temperature below the ambient. The primary objective of a refrigeration process is to lower the temperature through heat removal. Since its invention, refrigeration has seen used in many industrial and household ...

Ability to apply knowledge of basic science and engineering fundamentals

Industry placement gave me a great opportunity to learn many things. During the time I spent in the industry placement, I learned how theory is translated into practice. In school, we learn many concepts in various subjects. Sometimes it is very hard to imagine how the concepts apply in practice. The placement offered me a chance to apply the engineering concepts we learned in class. I practically applied basic science and engineering fundamentals in making judgments regarding the specific tasks I was given to handle. I also understood that in some instances there is a slight difference between theoretical ...

1. The dimensions are converted from cm to m:
10 cm ×1 m100 cm=0.1 m
5 cm ×1 m100 cm=0.05 m

The volume of the water in the tank is:

V=0.1×0.1×0.05=0.0005 m3

The mass of the water is:

m=ρV=1000kgm3×0.0005 m3=0.5 kg
2. g=9.81ms2
a. The force F exerted by the water is:
F=mg=0.5 kg9.81ms2=4.905kg∙ms2=4.905 N
b. The force F is exerted downwards, towards the centre of the Earth.
c. The water would want to move downwards because of gravity.
d. The height h is converted to meters:5 cm ×1 m100 cm=0.05 m

The potential energy U is:

U=Fh=4.905 N0.05 m=0.2453 N∙m=0.2453 J
3. The volume of the olive oil is assumed to be ...

Introduction

The pressure swing adsorption principle and technology will be used in an experiment to separate the two gases in the lab. The technology is a technique used to separate two or more gases from a collection of various gases using pressure and the gases molecular attributes as well as an affinity for an absorbent material (Alonso-Vicario et al., 2010). The experiment will utilize the principle of pressure swing adsorption to separate active carbon and oxygen using hydrogen and nitrogen as catalysts. Pressure swing adsorption using two main factors in the separation of gases under pressure: the molecular attributes of ...

The steering wheel has been one of the advancements that have been made in the motor vehicle industry. However, the steering wheel as we know it today has had various developments over the years. This essay will clearly table the rich history of the modern day steering wheel and further compare it to its predecessors. In order to be able to understand the developments in the modern day steering wheel and particularly the electronic control steering, it is important to understand the history of the hydraulic control.

The Evolution of Electronic Control for Steering

Once man developed the wheel and was able to make the machines, ...

Petronas, which is short for Petroliam Nasional Berhad, is one of the most profitable companies in Malaysia. The company is ranked among the largest corporations in the world on the Fortune 500 and is one of the most profitable businesses in Asia. Petronas was established in 1974 and is Malaysia’s fully integrated oil and gas company. Unlike other some countries where private individuals run the oil and gas companies, in Malaysia, the government (sole owner of Petronas), used its power and took control of the country’s natural resources. Since its inception, the company has grown and developed ...

This project aims at integrating modern engineering concepts and principles in the design of AERO-2016-WPAP-1111. The underlying concepts for this design involve the advancement of the traditional design processes to modern architecture to enhance the performance of the aircraft. The three most important operational precepts of this design include lightweight structures, incorporation of advanced engineering practices, and escalated aerodynamic performance of the plane. Therefore, the realization of the capability of this plane is inherent to its varying take-off weights. Principally, this essay explains various approaches that are applied in the design and operation of the AERO-2016-WPAP-111 aircraft, and how ...

Use of Fossil Fuels for Power Generation and the Need for Renewable Energy

According to Nelson (2011), more than 85% of the world’s energy consumption, which is estimated at 520 exajoules, is generated through the burning of fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas and coal (p.19). Electric power generation from non-renewable sources will, unequivocally, result in their exhaustion and creation of a major energy crisis. For this reason, it appears primordial to shift in a greater scale to alternate power generation, such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, etc. Amongst these, Sorensen (2011) explains that though hydroelectric power does represent one of the major forms of power generation, its growth is stagnant ...

After gaining permission from the property owner, a fire investigation was launched concerning the context of this situation. The objectives of the probe included an establishment of the origin of the fire and a determination of the most probable ignition sources. An understanding of the circumstances involved in this case was important as an initial step towards the prevention of future fire incidents. The significance of identifying the ignition sources was to enable the property owner to sensitize the occupants on the same.

Description of the Incident

Regarding this case, a fire occurred near a disposed container of flammable liquid. Next to this ...

Summary: Examination of a biotechnology patent
Theoretically, thermal cycling refers to a process of temperature regulation scheme that is used to strengthen variety of materials or lengthen their durability. Thermal cycling apparatus and method refers to the equipment and technique used to carry out thermo cycling processes. Improved thermal cycling apparatus and relates to the modern advanced inventions of equipments and methods of carrying thermoregulation processes and minimizing related movement of fluids from two zones with two different temperatures to control chemical reactions.
Background of the invention
Temperature is one of the main factors that have been found ...

1) Iodine test.

Iodine test distinguishes starch. It helps in distinguishing a polysaccharide from monosaccharide, disaccharides and other polysaccharides. The test is also called iodine staining. The iodine reacts with coiled polymer molecules and turn bluish black. Non-coiled starch does not react with iodine thereby no bluish color observed. A positive result is when there is the presence of the bluish black color.

Procedure

1. Put two drops of the solutions to be tested in three different test-tubes.
2. Add two drops of the IKI reagent to each of the tubes containing different sugar solutions.
3. Keep the sugar at room temperature ...