Meter Reports Samples For Students

BERNOULLI’S EXPERIMENT

ABSTRACT
Two fluid properties, the Bernoulli principle and the Venturi effect, were examined and analyzed in this experiment. A venturi meter was used to measure the fluid flow rate, velocity, and pressure of water (the fluid being examined). The results showed that the fluid pressure decreases as the fluid traveled through a smaller cross sectional area. The minimum fluid pressure (in effect, maximum fluid velocity) was observed in the smallest cross sectional area at position D (diameter 16 mm). The decrease in fluid pressure was compensated by an increase in the fluid velocity. With these two measured phenomena, both ...

BERNOULLI’S EXPERIMENT

INTRODUCTION
This experiment aims to verify Bernoulli’s equation that relates the pressure and the velocity of a fluid. The aims of the experiment are:
A venturi meter is a device used in fluid measurements. It uses a converging section of a pipe in order to change fluid velocity or pressure. The venturi meter in this experiment is used several times to estimate flow rates and measure piezometric head values at different points along the venturi meter.
The fluid used in this experiment is water. Bernoulli’s equation is a mathematical model for ideal fluids. Because of this, the ...

Introduction

A number of equipments are used in carrying out experimental activities in the laboratory. Knowledge of the use of these equipments is very critical to the success of experimental activities in the lab as well as ensuring the safety of the components as well as the person carrying out the experiments.
2. Purpose
The purpose of this experiment on equipment usage and measurement is to be familiar with the way to properly handle and use laboratory equipment and based on the knowledge of the equipment learnt know how to set up experiments using these equipment.
3. Equipment

The equipment used in this particular laboratory setup include the following

Function generator
...

The lower parts of St. Johns River is an estuarine river that has salinity rivers fluctuating with changes in tides. The dark coloration of the rivers is due to the extremely high levels of tannins from decaying matter. Turbidity, the dark coloration and other matters prevent the penetration of light deep into the water. As such, the growth of submerged vegetation happens in the shallow regions of the river. The river is fed from tributaries some of which are salty, the Atlantic ocean, tributaries and human wastes from industries and treatment plants for waste water. The lab report presents ...

Abstract

Kirchhoff’s law states that the total of the emf values in a closed loop equals the sum of the potential drops in that loop. Kirchhoff’s first and second laws are used to verify that in a closed loop, energy is neither created nor destroyed (Scherz, Paul, and Simon Monk 2013). Energy is converted from one form to another. Electric charge is given the necessary energy to flow in the circuit by the electromotive force source, preferable batteries into circuit elements. Electrical energy is converted into heat energy recorded as impedance in capacitors, resistors, or inductors. In the ...

Introduction: A brief history on the evolution of grid technologies.

The Smart Grid is the backbone of all major innovations, policies and regulations included in the power grid since its creation in the 1880’s. The power grid is an electric network of power sub-stations, transmission lines, transformers, and other equipment and facilities used by power suppliers to deliver electricity from the power generation plant to homes and commercial entities.
When power grids started being built for electricity distribution, the demand for devices to measure consumption rose. The need for these devices was to help electricity suppliers in distribution, pricing and monitoring of their services. However, the path ...

1. Canyon de Chelley National Monument is located in Arizona and Utah. It has sandstone canyon walls that were cut open mainly by water erosion. The canyon walls measure one thousand feet in some places. Three layers of limestone and sandstone called Entrada/Wingate/Kayenta make the walls beautiful due to blending shades of red and white. The area is about 83,800 acres. The canyons, gorges and ravines were made by years of water erosion. On the east side of the park sit the Chsuka Mountains. The headwaters that form in the mountains rush down to form the canyons. The ...

MUSIC 130 – Music Fundamentals Take-Home Mini-Exam

MUSIC EXAMPLE #1
1. Write one possible Italian tempo word that accurately describes the tempo of this example. Allegro
2. Circle whether the meter of this example is duple time, triple time, or irregular/unclear.
3. Identify one voice-range or instrument type that is present in this example. Cello
4. Circle whether this example is either primarily consonant or dissonant.

MUSIC EXAMPLE #2

5. Write one possible Italian tempo word that accurately describes the tempo of this example. Adagio
6. Circle whether the meter of this example is duple time, triple time, or irregular/unclear.
7. Identify one ...

Aims and Objectives of the Experiment

This experiment aims at studying the characteristics of titrations with the strength of different acids used in these titrations. This is done by drawing the titration curves of the different titrations that are carried out in this experiment and interpreting those curves. The units of measurement for this experiment are the standard units that are used in titrations. These are molarity (moles/liter) of substances while the quantities are measured in mL (milliliter).

Theory and Principles

Conductometry is a type of electroanalytical method in analytical chemistry. While other electroanalytical methods use equilibria or electrodes, conductometry is different and employs the conductance of materials ...

Introduction

Bend (flexure) testing is often done in springs as well in brittle materials whose behaviors of failure are linear like concrete, wood, plastic, glass and ceramics. Bend testing is suitable for evaluating the strength of brittle materials where the results of tensile tests aren’t easy to interpret due to the breaking of specimens around the gripping (Schoffstall, Charles, and Robert 234). In bend testing experiment, smooth rectangular specimens without notches are recommended under three or four point bend arrangements. Figure I below illustrates three point and four point bend arrangements respectively.
Figure 1. Bend testing of a smooth ...

Abstract

The main aim of performing this experiment was to study the behaviour of the voltage across a capacitor as it charge and discharge through a known resistor. From the experiment, it was seen that charge/ discharge of a capacitor follows an exponential function. We also studied about the time constant RC of the circuit.

Introduction

We carried out a lab experiment on an RC circuit recorded and calculated the results so as to determine the time constant. We found out that as capacitance decreases, time constant also decreases and increase in resistance lead to increase in time constant

Objective

Investigating the behaviour of a charged capacitor ...

Abstract

A body is said to be moving in a uniform circular motion if it is moving in a circle with a constant speed. The main objective of this experiment was to find the net force that acts on an object of mass m which moves in a circle of radius r at constant speed v and to confirm that the magnitude of that force is given by mv2/r.An experiment was done using centripetal force apparatus by hanging masses on it and computing the force required to stretch the string, the masses were then subjected to a rotational frequency and the average frequency determined. The ...

INTRODUCTION

Theory
Electrical resistance is one of the most important properties of materials. It is defined mathematically as the ratio of voltage to the current passing through a conductor. In physical sense, it is opposition a material offers to the current flowing through it. This opposition to the passage of electricity is a result of collisions between charge carriers and other sub atomic particles. The collisions reduce the drift speed of electrons that carry charges. Materials that offer greatest opposition to current flow are called insulators while those that allow current to flow through them with minimal hindrance are called insulators.
...

Abstract

The objective of this laboratory experiment is to examine the qualities of projectile motion. Considering the movement of a steel ball in the horizontal plane, the initial velocity that is possessed by the steel ball can be ascertained from the assessed range. Considering the assumed initial velocity of the steel ball, the range of the projectile will be assessed for a variety of initial angles. The initial angles and will be computed by the application of the theory with regards to motion for constant acceleration.

THEORY

Considering a given initial speed demonstrated by v0→, with an initial velocity demonstrated by s0→ that is ...

Introduction

Real estate in the world is considered a good target for investment. Organizations and individuals willing to acquire residential and commercial property, as compared with other forms of investing money in real estate investments have a number of indisputable advantages. Investing in real estate is profitable to the investor as a result of the growth in real estate prices, as well as from property rental. In the long term real estate prices tend to rise, despite the possible local fall during various economic crises. Risks associated with investments in real estate, as a rule, lower than the risks associated ...

Introduction

An acid (HA) is defined as that substance that in an aqueous solution that dissociates to yield up H3O+ ion and a conjugate A-, that is;
1

An Equilibrium constant Ka is used to measure the strength of the acid. The constant can be represented as;

2
A strong acid has a very large Ka; its equilibrium moves towards the right-hand side of equation (1). Concentration of dissociated acid [HA] is very small as well. A weak acid has a small Ka (less than one). It is slightly dissociated where H3O+ ion and a conjugate A- concentration is smaller than that of the acid.
An acid/base titration is monitored with an indicator or a pH meter. The aim ...

Introduction

Using membrane for gas separation by numerous industries and fields is highly associated with easy operability, low energy costs, light weight and compactness of the process.

Organizational need

There is an organizational need by Learning Curve Consultants’ client to generate relatively pure nitrogen and oxygen gasses within the organization for the application in various processes through the use of high-pressure air as feed. The client has the need to investigate the possibility of employing the use of polymer membranes to produce both nitrogen and oxygen gasses. As a consequence, the customer has presented the team with two bench scale gas membrane ...

Executive summary

This experiment seeks to compute the overall mass transfer coefficients for nitrogen gas and oxygen gas via a polymer membrane under different experimental conditions. The calculation of the overall mass transfer coefficient of the gasses will aid in establishing how the permeability of the polymer membrane is affected by altering these conditions. The experiment employs the calculation of the separation factor in determining the efficiency of a membrane in separating oxygen gas from nitrogen gas. It uses the measured values of flow rates, exit streams and flow rate composition of the membrane component to calculate the mass transfer coefficients. ...

Introduction

During manufacture of food products, manufacturers must put different factors into consideration. The health of consumers becomes a paramount factor of consideration during food manufacturing processes .Consumers present a very sensitive and complex group. People have different medical conditions and as such, manufacturers have to put this into consideration. One common health condition that has been on the rise among consumers is diabetes .Diabetes is caused by foods with high glucose levels. Therefore, this is an aspect that food manufacturers have devised techniques to deal with during food preparation, storage and packaging. Foods with high glucose levels pose a health challenge to ...

TORSION LABORATORY

Objective
The objective of this experiment was to determine the relationship between load and angular deflection of a mild steel bar, the maximum shear stress applied to the bar and its modulus of rigidity.

Apparatus

- Torsion test rig
- Weight hangers
- Masses
- Rule
- Calipers

Procedure

- A distance L was set between two angle indicators. Then the fixings were tightened to make sure that it was not moving. The indicators were set to zero on both the scales.
- The effective radius of the pulley and the diameter of the steel shaft ...

Lab Report (Kirchhoff’s Laws)

Introduction
This lab experiment was intended to learn and apply Kirchhoff’s Rules in calculating the current and voltages in a circuit. To achieve this, a circuit is built consisting of resistors that are in parallel and series which will aid to test the different aspects of Kirchhoff’s Rule.

The simplest circuit is that which can be reduced to an equivalent circuit having a single resistance

and a single voltage source. Many circuits are not simple and require the use of Kirchhoff’s

Laws to determine voltage, current, or resistance.

Objectives:
forecast by Kirchhoff’s Laws.

Theory:

A junction is a point in a circuit where more than three wires join or where a current gets divided.
A loop is a path which is closed by two ...

The project will be financed with a total investment of AED 7,00,000. The total investment will be proportionately invested with AED 400,000 sourced from the bakery owners and remaining AED 300,000 borrowed from a local bank. Since we don’t have mortgage to offer, we are expecting the loan proceeds at the rate of 10%. The reason for borrowing from a bank is to gain the advantage of tax deductibility on interest paid on debt borrowings.
a) Sales:
Sales/ Turnover of the company is expected to grow consistently over the year. However,for the purpose ...

Improve Bus Tracking System

Improve Bus Tracking System
The objective of this given memo is to describe the purpose of employing a tracking system in transportation to avoid sector to avoid passengers getting stranded in bus stops, get cold in ice winter-stricken station lobbies without hopes of boarding a bus in the next free minutes. The attached is the methods that prove the effectiveness of an improved bus tracking system – the global positioning system (GPS) service.
The methods for testing the service are discussed as well. How an improved bus tracking system, modern technology enables passengers to track their bus and know their ...

Purpose

The aim of the experiment is to establish the calibration curve of the pyrometer.
Introduction
Optical polymers are some of the oldest and the simplest non-contact technique of estimating the temperature of a radiating object. It employs the use of color observation to estimate the temperature of a radiating object. Optical pyrometers are used as radiation thermometers to determine the temperatures of radiation wavelengths of both visible and infrared radiation bands (Chapra and Raymond 56). Optical pyrometers are classified according to their operating techniques and wavelengths. Some of the major classifications of optical pyrometer include; tow color pyrometers, disappearing ...

Introduction

Torsion test is very important test to know the resistance of material of a material when it is subject to torsion. Resistance of torsion can be denoted by shear modulus which is derived from performing torsion test and creating a graph of angle of twist vs torsion. By measuring the slope of the graph shear modulus is evaluated. Another property of material, Young’s modulus, can also be determined from the value of shear modulus if value of Poisson’s ratio is known. In this lab experiment two metals were ...

A Research Report Submitted by:

CHE 352
Spring Semester, 2016
Chemical Engineering Program
Abstract
In the experiment, many measurements were taken using the heat exchanger to observe the change in heat transfer from steam to water with respect to a change in water flow rate while trying to keep the inlet temperatures of water and steam constant. The flow rate was monitored using Brooks shorate meter and adjusted with valves. The flow rate has been veried from 1 bsm to 15 bsm. Two different control points were choose the measure the temperature of water and steam: the first one in inlet and the second ...

Introduction

A turbulent jet is a source of energy and momentum in a fluid tank. A jet is considered fully turbulent at a jet laminar for Rej below about 100 and Reynolds number Rej above about 1’000 – 2’000. Therefore, the limit between a turbulent jet and laminar is around the Reynolds number of 3’000 and the significant characteristics of the jet are its discharge and momentum flux.

Eq. 2; Qj = vjAj – jet volume flux
Rej = vjdjv = jet Reynolds number
Frj = vj√g'dj = densimetric jet Froude number

Where;

Vj is the jet velocity at entry point
Aj is the tank ...

Introduction

Efficient energy utilization is an important aspect of human life. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy can never be created nor destroyed. Thus, it is essential to utilize the energy available for us effectively and efficiently. Energy can be transformed from one form to another by use of appropriate transducers. When designing a house, it is essential to do it with the greatest regard to efficient energy use as well as safety to the environment. House designers should always come up with designs that promote efficient energy use. For instance, utilization of renewable energy should be maximized. ...

Experiment 4: Projectile Motion

Introduction:
Projectile motion is a special type of motion involves two components of motion – horizontal and vertical. But motions in two directions are independent of each other. Flight of ball is an example of projectile motion. This two dimensional motion can be determined as two linear motions in two mutually perpendicular directions –one along horizontal direction and the other one along vertical direction. Projectile motion can be analyzed with the help of equations of motion. Vector equations and vector rules are generally used as the motion occurs in two dimensions. Gravity force has primary importance in projectile motion. Effect ...

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the report of the experiment carried out on the general concepts of thermal radiation. The experiment is made up of various small experiments which were carried out one after the other. The inverse square law of radiation was investigated using the Stefan-Boltzmann lamp. The relative rates of absorption of four different surfaces to two varying radiation source at different temperature were also investigated. Also, the Stefan-Boltzmann law at high temperatures, the rate of cooling of different surfaces relative to time, and the Stefan-Boltzmann relationship at near room temperature were investigated.
At the end, conclusion was ...

Abstract

Project management is one of the essential fields that any executive personnel who have a vision to establish outstanding projects should embrace. There are different strategies that are utilized by large, medium and small corporations and projects to ensure that the management business within and externally goes on smoothly. Ideally, the project report aims at investigating the management practices that existed in the Shard Tower Project. First, the reports outline and give a background description of the manner in which the Shard Tower Project has been managed in the previous times. There will be the use of professional measures to outline ...

Abstract

This experiment aims at determining the Young’s Modulus (E) by using the strain gauge technique. It is determined for a simply supported beam by measuring the strain in the beam when it is loaded in 3 point bending. i.e. load is applied exactly at the center of the beam. The bending of a beam is an example of Hooke’s Law, which states that, when an elastic body is strained in any way, the deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the body is not strained beyond its elastic limit. In this experiment, Young’s Modulus is studied ...

Oscillatory Motion

Introduction
The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the spring constant of a spring connected to mass and to determine the effect of varying mass on the period of oscillation. It was hypothesized that the increase in mass would lead to increase in the period of the oscillating spring.

Theory

Hooke’s Law
According to Hooke’s law, the restoring force (F) of a stretched spring is proportional to its extension (x) (Mansfield and Colm, 39).
F ∞ x
F = - k x

Where F is the restoring force, x is the extension and k is a constant of proportionality called spring constant.

The negative sign indicate that the direction of restoring force is opposite that of extension.
...

<Student’s name>
- What are the external factors that could have an impact on tourism in Kazakhstan?
Kazakhstan with its unique natural resources and the unique culture of the nomadic people has a huge untapped potential for the development of tourism in the international and regional markets.
The tourism potential of recreational resources and historical and cultural heritage allows Kazakhstan to integrate into the international tourism market and to achieve rapid development of tourism in the country. This will ensure steady growth in employment and incomes encourage the development of tourism- related industries and increase ...

Lab Report: Renewable Energy Lighting System Design

Introduction
Communities around the country as well as around the world are setting sustainable development goals. Twidell and Weir (2006, 2) define sustainable development in general terms as “living, producing and consuming in a manner that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.” Renewable energy sources are critical for sustainability. Renewable sources like wind and sun are different from fossil fuels because intense human labor is not necessary. Renewable resources do not negatively impact the environment which is also an important factor for reaching sustainability goals. Twiddel and Weir ( ...

1086F Origin and Geology of the Solar System

- Introduction
An exoplanet is a term used to describe a planet that is located outside the solar system that includes the Earth (exoplanet, 2013). Astronomer Peter van Kamp made the first announcement of the discovery of an exoplanet in 1963, however, that discovery failed to hold up over time and now has been conclusively disproved (Matson, 2013). The first exoplanet discovery that has stood the test of time was the discovery of two bodies orbiting a neutron star in a system named PSR 1257+12 (Wolszczan and Frail, 1992). Wolszczan and Frail calculated that the masses of these exoplanets would be ...

Part 1

There are very low chances for a flood of more magnitude than that of 1990 to occur. The probability of occurrence of the 1990 flood was 0.06. This indicates that probability of occurrence of the flood in the year was substantially low. 6/100 is a substantially low frequency. This means that, probability of occurrence of a greater flooding than this is insignificantly low because it is less than six percent, hence, it is negligible. A flood of a greater magnitude than that of 1990 is unexpected; this is an important point to consider in determining what prevention measures are worth implementing in the ...

INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURES:

Introduction to Structures:
The two structural designs selected for this paper are a square deck and a hexagonal deck. The sketches shown below show these two designs as well as their dimensions. The sketches have been drawn to scale and they clearly indicate the type connection between structural elements.

Sketch 2: Hexagonal deck design

Selected design and justification:
Of the two designs, the square design was selected. This is mainly because it is easy to design and implement with little modification to the original design. In addition, the material that was selected for the deck is wood, which is aesthetically pleasing and easy to ...