Obligation Reports Samples For Students

This report analyses the most recent financial reports of two companies; Sino Gas and Energy of Australia (2014), and Solar World of Germany (2015). Sino Gas and Energy reported total provisions of $97,166 that constituted 0.09% of the total assets. Solar World reported total provisions of k€ 49,466 that constituted 5.69% of the total assets. The provisions for the two companies are listed below in descending order based on their book values:

Sino Gas and Energy $

Other provisions 60,837
Employee entitlements 36,329
Total 97,166
Solar world k€
Warranties 24,653
Pensions 10,704
Litigation risks 9,190
Other ...

Resource-Based View Analysis

Physical analysis
Husky Energy Inc. is omong one of Canada's biggest incorporated vitality organizations, headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. It is merchandized on an open market on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the images HSE and Hse.pr.a. The Company works in Western and Atlantic Canada, the United States and the Asia Pacific Region, with Upstream and Downstream business sections. Husky Energy is controlled by Hong Kong elite rich person Li Ka-Shing who possesses a larger part imparts of more or less 70% as per Bloomberg and Financial Post information. Husky's establishment is in Heavy Oil and Western Canada, where it ...

Part Four – Anthropology.

1. Man’s Creation.
a. Preliminary Considerations.
i. The fundamental difference between humans and angels, as Shedd states, is that “God created man male and female.” This implies that man is “incomplete if in isolation from one another.” However, angels are “sexless” which means that although they have been created with “reasonable and immortal souls” like man, they are not man or woman and are therefore, infinitely more complete than man.
1. This means that we must live at one with our alter-gender counterparts and consider each other equally as important. We are only whole humans ...

Introduction

The Company Energy Obligation is an energy efficiency programme designed by the United Kingdom Government to act as an energy subsidy. The programme is formulated to replace the two main existing obligations, the Community Energy Saving Programme and the Carbon Emissions Reduction Target. The two programmes, CESP and CERT were designed to meet their objectives by the end of year 2012. Therefore, the need for ECO was established to take over the obligation concerning the energy efficiency in United Kingdom.
Through the establishment of the identified three different targets, ECO is subjected to improve the efficiency of energy ...

Financial ratios are one of the tools that are applied in financial analysis. This is because they help an analyst in creating the overall image of an organization. This is achieved since the ratios provide insight on various aspects of the organization that includes profitability, cash flow ratios, debt ratios and profitability ratios. These ratios are instrumental in ensuring that the analyst understands the financial soundness of the firm before investing in it (Shim and Siegel, 2000). Although these ratios face various shortcomings, they are essential in providing a bird’s eye view of the company from an analytic angle ...

Viability Report on JV

There lies a distinguishing characteristic of Multinational Corporation (MNC) in contrast with a collection of independent national firms dealing at arm’s length is, its ability to move money to its affiliates through internal transfer mechanism. In multinational financial system there is transfer of goods, services, technology and capital.
In the interest of facilitating stronger sustainable profitability and growth, decisions on resource allocation in organizations require a systematic, analytical and though approach as well as sound judgement. Project and investment appraisals and capital budgeting which involves assessing the financial feasibility of a report should use Discounted Cash Flow(DCF) analysis as a supporting ...

Introduction

The advancement in computing technologies has been accompanied by increased exposure of the users to ethical violations including software threats, immorality, legal issues, confidentiality, and trust. The use of computers affects people’s decisions as well as how they make them. Computers persuade, facilitate, and enable various human cognitive processes, attitudes or processes while inhibiting and discouraging others. For example, while performing an internet search, internet search engines usually prioritize and provide information in a given order. As such, they influence what internet users see. These technological artifacts become “active mediators” because they shape people’s actions and perceptions, ...

Introduction

The advancement in computing technologies has been accompanied by increased exposure of the users to ethical violations including software threats, immorality, legal issues, confidentiality, and trust. The use of computers affects people’s decisions as well as how they make them. Computers persuade, facilitate, and enable various human cognitive processes, attitudes or processes while inhibiting and discouraging others. For example, while performing an internet search, internet search engines usually prioritize and provide information in a given order. As such, they influence what internet users see. These technological artifacts become “active mediators” because they shape people’s actions and perceptions, ...

Introduction

The primary objective of this report is to analyze the concept of flexible working and psychological contracts. Also, it aims at evaluating the influence of flexible working in an organization. The first part covers literature review of psychological contract and its impacts on business performance. Psychological contract is a notion that the employee and employer have a mutual relationship whereby both have expectations. According to CIPD (2016a) flexible working is whereby the employees have a degree of flexibility on work schedules such as working four days a week, part-time work, job-sharing, and annual hours. Flexible work improves retention and ...

Part A:

Importance of Capital Investment Decision
The university has now reached a stage where it cannot procrastinate the decision to build a new building and replace the existing one, which has now turned expensive to run and is also imposing a poor environmental performance. Therefore, it has now turned crucial for the university to replace the old building with the new one not only because the existing facility impedes the profitability position of the organization, but is also harming the environment and is thus sending a negative signal amongst the community.
Henceforth, the university should proceed with the appraisal of ...

Before going into an agreement regularly different statements are made by one party so as to support the other party to go for the agreement. A debate might later emerge as to which of the announcements should take as a section, or a term, of the agreement, and which ought to be taken as simply pre-contract talk.
Diverse term types are contain by a contract, some more vital than others. Whereas “conditions” are the more imperative terms and “warranties” are the less critical terms.
Without conditions no one party can get into the agreement. Therefore, to make a condition misleadingly, or ...

Introduction

Statements made prior to making a contract, as a rule, are not binding for the parties. At the same time, false or misleading statements made with the purpose of inducing another to enter into a contract can be found invalid, giving an innocent party the right to various remedies under the law. Under the common law, a victim of misrepresentation may be entitled to rescind the contract. Legislation, such as Australian Consumer Law, sets a pecuniary penalty in the event of breach of any of its provisions relating to consumer guarantees or false/misleading statements. Thus, the relevant case law ...

Abstract

The above paper appreciates the fact that most organizations go through difficult economic times and require effective working capital management. Moreover, the study recognizes the fact that inefficient management of the same has adverse effects on the financial performance of the business. Therefore, financial managers have an obligation to maintain a balance in liquidity as one approach to enhance the profitability of the firm. To achieve the study objective, the paper utilizes an efficient research design, which is believed to assist the business in achieving its set purpose. The study seeks to use data from three companies (Coca-Cola, Barclays ...

A. Introduction

Toyota Motors Corporation (Toyota) is a ¥25.69 trillion (US$256.91 billion at ¥100.00:$1 exchange rate used in the 2014 annual report) automotive manufacturing enterprise (Toyota, 2014, p. 26) with four major market regions globally, namely: Japan (home), North America, Europe, Asia, and Other regions (see section C for details). Since 2010, it grew 35.57% from ¥18.95 trillion. Its return on equity has grown from 2.1% in 2010 to 13.7% in 2014, or 6.5 times. Moreover, its return on assets grew 6.7 times from 0.7% in 2010 to 4.7% in 2014.
Toyota has one core product (automobiles) and core ...

BUSINESS FINANCING

Introduction
Business owners and managers seeking financing encounters an essential decision regarding choice of whether to borrow money or to make use new equity capital. Given that equity and debts have very varied characteristics, each of them has different effect on cash-flow, earnings, and taxes as well as on balance sheet. They also have different impacts on any company`s dilution, leverage as well as a host for other financial metrics by which companies are measured. Lastly, each business financing options presents a different kind of relationship in relation to the financing source. Thus, a company`s plan on ...

Arguments in favour of presenting redeemable preferred stock as a liability

According to SFAS 150, a mandatorily redeemable preferred stock should be reported as liabilities in the statement of financial position. This is unlike other types of preferred stock that are reported as equity in the stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet. There are several arguments for the presentation of preferred stock as equity. Below is a discussion of why redeemable preferred stock should be presented as equity in the balance sheet.
Firstly, the definition of redeemable preferred stock shows that it is more of equity than debt. It is defined as preferred stock that allows the issuer to ...

Introduction

Globalization and other factors are driving international businesses and trade. In that respect, multinationals are increasingly becoming subject to factors that are not only born in their home country, but also from host countries as well as markets within which they sell their products. One such factor is the exchange rate that determines the value of the payments that exporters receive for their international sales as well as the value those importers pays for their purchases from foreign markets. In that view, it is becoming crucial for managers and business leadership to establish suitable strategies for managing the risks ...

About the report

The report is based on our assistance given to Wheel Industries where we have analyzed the long term investment opportunities available with the company using the techniques of capital budgeting. To facilitate better understanding for our readers, we have included all the calculations within this report while every calculation is explained comprehensively.

Project Details

Wheel Industries is considering a three-year expansion project, Project A. The project requires an initial investment of $1.5 million. The project will use the straight-line depreciation method. The project has no salvage value. It is estimated that the project will generate additional revenues of $1.2 million per ...

Executive Summary

The world experienced one of its worst recession which commenced in late 2007. One of the issues that emerged was criticism on the then accounting standards which prompted standard setters to respond. The G20 countries recommended the formation of financial crises advisory committee which developed various recommendations that led to the improvement of specific International financial reporting standards namely IFRS 10, 11, 7 and 9. Also, the recommendation led to the development of IFRS 12. These development were the key responses by the standard setters which are reviewed to demonstrate how they positively impacted the financial statements

Introduction

Towards the ...

At the inception of a capital lease, the lessee should recognize the value of the asset and the liability of the capital lease equivalent to the present value of the lease rentals and bargain option (Simple Studies). The relevant discount rate is the lessor’s implicit rate or the leases after tax cost of borrowing (Simple Studies). The lessee will then depreciate the asset in the same way as a purchased asset. The accounting entries at the inception of the lease are as follows:

Dr Cr

At inception: Asset PV of lease obligations
Liability PV of lease obligations
At end of ...

Abstract

Setting standards and specifications of a commercial contract is a significant process that contracting parties should take with a lot of seriousness. The standards and specifications set by the parties ensure that the products and services supplied are of the right quality and quantity. For an organization to ensure that it gets the precise products or services from the suppliers, it has to ensure that the standards and specifications agreed upon by the two parties are clear. The following report will be exploring the practical problems of ascertaining that the standards and specifications agreed upon in a contract are ...

Introduction

According to Hughes and Ferrett, “construction is the largest industry in the UK” (1). It accounts for approximately 8% of the country’s GDP (Hughes and Ferret 1). Hughes and Ferrett further state that the construction industry accounts for more than 10% of the jobs in the country (Hughes and Ferret 1). The implication is that the contribution of the construction industry to the country’s economy is immense.
In the year 2010, there were 300,000 construction companies employing more than 2.5 million workers (Hughes and Ferrett 1). However, despite its importance to the economy, the construction industry ...

Executive Summary

The beverage industry as a whole is changing in rapid fashion. More middle aged adults are becoming increasingly concerned with nutrition, and this includes a considerable portion of the baby boomer population in the United States and elsewhere. Many are becoming aware of the fact that beverage choices today do impact overall lifestyle and possibly life expectancy on the whole. As such, the non-alcoholic beverage sector continues to be impacted by this reality as the public opts for healthier drinks. Coca Cola continues to respond to this need. Rather than live in denial, the company has been actively working ...

Summary: Lately, Muslim understudies at Brandeis University communicated their dislike for the writer Maher last year, Brandeis University disinvited the women's activist and straightforward Islam pundit Ayan Hirsi Ali, whose rn to Muslim opinions are hostile to many people, however are profoundly established in her individual experience. When her welcome was withdrawn, she was philosophical (Abcarian). She recognized in a meeting with the Fox News Network that her perspectives could be "hostile," "perhaps offending" and "disputable." She additionally said she suspected that was the very reason for the university. The best way to battle hostile discourse is to counter it ...

Community service is an elemental aspect in the societies today. Community services encompass voluntary actions and operations by people in all aspects. Community services are continual activities in the societies that many people attach great importance. In many organizations and institutions today, it is an added advantage for employees and job seekers to have been participants in community services. As such, they suggest the contribution of people to their societies. I undertook my volunteer work as a community service at the Food Share Company. While at the company, I engaged fully with the operations of the organizations in volunteer work. ...

Cross Cultural Management in Indonesia

Introduction
In setting their analytical and business priorities, it is essential for entrepreneurs and businessmen to recognize and make use of cultural advantages to propel and achieve success in their business. It to a large extent involves the ability to take advantage of cultural differences and in this particular case between Indonesia and Australia. Entrepreneurs and Australian business leaders should indulge in plans of seeking opportunities and conduct their businesses in an advantage seeking manner to predict demand for products that are novel to consumers in Indonesia and other parts of the world (Basri and Indonesia Update Conference. (2004, ...

Answer 1)

The nightmares of global financial crisis began in 2007 and despite the efforts of central banks and policy makers to restore the economy, the crisis were intensified in 2008. The proven impotency of policy responses and multiple views of number of economists and analysts over causes of Financial Crisis, has raised the root causes of global financial crisis.

The Sub Prime Lending:
The continued trend of increasing prices in housing sector because of excessive liberal and accomodative policy along with lax liberal standards during the period of 2002-2006, led to large issue of mortgage credit to households including ...

Introduction

The introduction of stakeholder theory as a basis for the development of Corporate Governance in the 21st century has been most effectively seen in the commitment to the sustainable economic development of employees, their families and the local community that they serve. The improvement of “society at large” it is presumed, is the basis to good business and ultimately profits (McNett, 2012). Unlike theories of agency, which propose individual decision as a model for corporate leadership, the foreign market entry of global organizations involved in trade has set the pace for increased focus on collective decision by stakeholders in response to ...

Business Law

promissory estoppels in Business contracts

Introduction

Miller (2013, p. 173) stated that the doctrine of promissory estoppel also known as “detrimental reliance”, shall give any person who has reasonably and substantially relied on the promise of another to acquire some measure of recovery. At present time, the doctrine of promissory estoppel has been used in different contexts by the court that allowed the recovery of a promise despite lack consideration on the promissor. The doctrine enabled the court to enforce an unenforceable promise that will prevent the miscarriage of justice to those who suffered losses and damages. In order for the ...

Financial appraisal

Query 1
Risk refers to the likelihood of incurring losses. Financial risk results from several events such markets prices fluctuations, foreign exchange fluctuations, interest rate fluctuation among others. There are several ways in which RTE can reduce or extinguish financial risk on the investment of 100,000 pounds in fitting and furniture for the new building. This section discusses some of the ways of mitigating the financial risk they are exposed to.
RTE should first conduct an internal as well as an external analysis to identify the risks facing it. RTE trustees should then understand its relevance ...

Introduction

Health care is one of the fields facing very difficult legal and moral issues in the society. Professionals in health care are put in a hard position while executing their duties due to the underlying moral and legal implications involved. Health policies regarding Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), abortions, end of life care and many other aspects vary from state to state as well as the international level. There are no internationally accepted standards that determine in finality how doctors and health care providers should handle such matter. Laws and constitutions have attempted to provide guidelines as to how such ...

1. Define the term law and describe the three sources from which law is derived
Law is a system of principles and processes by which people handle disputes and problems with the aim of settling them. In other words, laws are rules of conduct that government enforces and if these are violated, it imposes penalties to violators. There are two kinds of law: public law (which deals with the relationships between individuals and government) and private law (which deals with relationships among individuals).

The three sources of law are:

Common law refers to a body of principles stemming from judicial decisions which in turn arise from ...

The term bioethics was coined in the early 1970s by biologists who brought to the public’s attention two pressing issues; the need to maintain the plant’s ecology and the implication of advances in the life sciences toward manipulating human nature. Van Rensselaer Potter has focused on the growing human ability to change the nature, including human nature and the implication of this for our global future [ CITATION Van71 \l 1033 ]. While bioethics has been interdisciplinary since its inception, theology played a fundamental role in its creation. It continues to have a profound influence today also.
At its inception, ...