Salt Reports Samples For Students

In this assignment, food analysis involves involve several procedures that have been used to identify the various methods with which the fats, salts, ash and moisture in food are subjected to different conditions to produce results. Several methods have been used with a combination of different solutions that have been able to produce different results. Therefore, this report would include several methods that were applied on fats, salts, ash as well as moisture in food. For instance, soxhlet method would be used in the determination of fat content in foods, Mohr method was used to determine the amount of salt ...

British rule in India was preceded by the East India Company. The East India Company became active in the Indian Subcontinent during the early part of 1600’s. It eventually became one of the world’s largest trading corporations dealing in basic commodities and ruling large parts of the subcontinent with its own administrative setup and private army. The rule of the East India Company marked the beginnings of the “British Raj” (British Rule) in India which formally began after the Sepoy mutiny of 1857. (Menon, 2013)
The “sepoy mutiny” or “the war of independence” as the Indians ...

Lab Report:

Abstract
The tidal cycle of natural water bodies present challenges for sampling and interpreting physical, chemical and biological data. The Rainbow Channel at Morton Bay was the location for a field work project on sampling characteristics about the biota and about water quality parameters. Rainbow Channel experiences ocean flushing dependent on daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual at regular natural time intervals. Both daytime and night time sampling took place to better understand 24 hourly and daily cycles of nutrient concentrations, salinity, temperature, fluorescence and currents. Primary productivity takes place at different three different depths. The rate of productivity depends ...

Introduction

The kidneys refer to the organs that are involved with several important regulatory roles in vertebrate animals. Kidneys play a crucial role in the urinary system as well as in the homeostatic functions such as electrolyte regulation, maintaining a balance between the acids and bases, and in regulating blood pressure. Kidneys filter the blood removing wastes, which are then taken to the urinary bladder as urine. During urine production, wastes such as ammonia and urea are excreted while substances such as glucose, water and amino acids reabsorbed. The kidney is also responsible for the production of hormones such as erythropoietin and ...

Abstract

The purpose for this experiment was to explore the properties of Strawberry DNA. It was hypothesized that the DNA of a strawberry is red in color and soluble in ethanol. A Strawberry was placed in a self-sealing Zip Lock freezer bag from which air was removed. The bagged strawberry was mashed gently and 10 ml of extraction buffer was added. After further mashing of the bagged strawberry, the content of the bag was removed and filtered through cheesecloth into a test tube before adding alcohol. White clouds that resemble threads were seen floating on the surface of alcohol. These were the DNA. ...

Salmon Fish

The Atlantic salmon fishes are known for their strong, streamlined bodies and their ability to move through steep rivers in fresh and salt waters as their habitat (Jonsson and Jonsson 2). The term “Salmo” is a Latin term which means salmon that originated from the word “salar” which means to leap. The Atlantic salmon are anadromous which means that they spawn in freshwater and acquire most of their food while they explore the marine habitats (Jonsson and Jonsson 2).
The management systems used for production of transgenic Atlantic salmon is similar as those that are being presently used for non-transgenic ...

Summary

This essay is on short description of the following terms atoms, molecular structure, ionic bonding, periodic table, pH, acids, oxidation, antioxidants in food, alkali cleaning agents, salts used in food, plant cells, photosynthesis, micro-organisms in the environment, bacterial morphology, comparative sizes of micro-organisms, factors affecting the growth of bacteria, bacterial spores, biological role of enzymes, catalase, and enzymic browning.

Introduction

This essay will write short notes on various topics in chemistry as well as in microbiology. Some of the terms in chemistry include atom, molecular structure, periodic table, pH, oxidation, ionic bonding among others. Some of the terms in microbiology ...

Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is to prepare soap through the saponification process and use it to test water hardness.
Procedure
The saponification process began by placing approximately 5 grams of lard in a beaker. 15 mL of sodium Hydroxide (6 M) was slowly and carefully added followed by an addition of 25 mL of ethanol. After adding ethanol, the beaker was heated while stirring until the base fully reacted with the lard. The result was a clear and homogenous solution. After cooling the solution, 20 mL of water was added. The next step involved the preparation of saturated ...

Apple VS. Orange

This is a comparison between an apple and an orange as to study their effect on the behavior of flies.
Here we observe that that at time=0min, 11 flies have come to the apple side. At t=5 min, 11 more flies came to the apple side. At time t=10min, 12 more flies came to the apple side.
Simultaneously, we observe that at time t=0min, 3 flies came to the orange side. At time t=5min, 3 more flies came to Orange side. At time t=10 min, a single fly joined the cohort of the flies towards the Orange side.
Apart ...

Introduction

Domino’s Pizza is a fast food chain restaurant with its headquarters in the United States of America, founded by Tom Monaghan in 1960. It is the 2nd largest pizza chain store in the United States after Pizza hut a great competitor in the US. However Domino’s Pizza’s expansion worldwide surpasses that of Pizza Hut with its presence in over 70 countries in the world. Dominos New Zealand is among the over 70 international branches that operates Dominos services in the country. The paper presents an analysis of the fast food industry in New Zealand. Subsequently, the service analysis ...

A COMPARISON BETWEEN FRESH WATER WETLAND AND SALINE WETLAND

The Australian landscape has a natural component which is salt. This salt in the landscape gets into the various water bodies and affects their level of salinity which affects the way of life of the various biota inhabiting these places. Around the world and in Australia it is been identified that the salinization of fresh water is a major environmental issue. This concern of the effect of the gradual rise of salinity in water bodies’ biodiversity has resulted in the investigative studies on the lives of the invertebrate family both in the saline water and in the fresh water. There has ...

This laboratory work was focused on determination of the relation between density and concentration of a salt solution. The density was measured for the standardized solutions and showed the direct linear dependence. The experimental equation is d=0.0065×C%+0.9785. It was used to determine the concentration of an unknown salt solution from its density.

Introduction

The density of any solution is a cartelistic. It represents the mass to volume correlation.
density=masswolume Equation 1
It is known to change with temperature and concentration, however, these changes cane minor and literally negligible. Still this dependence can be used to determine the concentration ...

Introduction

The capability of substances to react is directly related to their solubility. The reactions with insoluble salts are performed only on their surface. Therefore, the formation of new substances is limited. The living organisms are able to absorb the compound only from water solution, i.e. most of the insoluble compounds are inert for living organisms. The industrial-scale reactions are also performed in solutions (Myers 130). Hence, understanding the solubility and its characteristics is important for the qualified specialist.
During the lab, the reactions with different substances are realized. The qualitative characteristic of the solubility, the solubility product constant (Awonusi ...

Haitian Desal-A-Nation (A solar powered water distiller)

Background
Small-scale desalination is a method that helps to desalinize cases of water scarcity. The salt water that is efficient and profitable. And, it is also life-saving and making the affected people live a healthy lifestyle. Several water desalination projects are in place to include the C- water, MIT solar powered desalination system and the Haitian Desal-A-Nation.
Figure 1 : the Haitian Desal-A-Nation [3]
This project is aimed at developing a distillation system which works solely on sunlight. The architecture is simple and hence can easily be reproduced for more consumers and additionally, the glass material is strengthened for ...

Abstract:

Hypertension is a condition of the arteries dilating out of experiencing high pressure during the pumping of blood by the heart. It is also known as high blood pressure condition. Hypertension leads to the occurrence of other diseases in the body such heart failure, kidney diseases and stroke. These diseases are ranked among the top killers in the United States and the rest of the world. For this reason, a study was conducted with the intention of finding ways to prevent hypertension among the Glasgow Caledonian University students. The research showed the knowledge of the respondents for the causes of hypertension, ...

The history of food preservation begins with the understanding that the spoilage of food

begins from the moment it is harvested and left in open air. The earliest of methods used by man included freezing meat in the winter or drying certain foods under the sun. One of the ways by which man could move from one place to another while carrying an ample supply of food was by preserving it and preventing meats and other food stuff from spoiling. The need to kill and eat foods all at one time was prevented by the idea of food preservation. It is noted that different civilizations used various methods of preservation, mainly those which ...

Abstract

The report discusses the aspects of food in detail regarding the ethics and moral duty that is the liability of the restaurants and caterers. Food is the basic necessity of life. Healthy food is essential for the proper growth of the body a d minds. Owing to it, serious concerns have been arising regarding the healthy food available in restaurants. Often people are motivated to take their meals from outside restaurants in cases e.g. while travelling, in hurry, on duty, for enjoyment, etc. So this report discusses all the issues at one place.

Introduction

Human body is like a racing car. It ...

Introduction

Monitoring one’s diet is important since it informs dietary choices that one should make in order to achieve and maintain healthy lifestyle and good health. Therefore, I took part in recording my food intake and exercise habits for three weeks. Nutrition determines many aspects of human beings. As the common adage goes, ‘we are what we eat.’ This adage implies that what we eat defines many of our aspects. Nutrition is indispensable to human health. Similarly, physical exercise plays a major role in promoting good health. For instance, it improves general health and helps achieve glycemic control among people ...

Abstract

Montreal is concentrating on making the city appealing to the general public and by extension the entire globe. Considering the possibility of wider and heated sidewalks alongside fewer cars and more trees, Montreal has decided to launch the future of Saint Catherine Street. The street being the most important in the city requires innovation, flexibility and audacity in an effort to offer a description of the dynamic and greener look on the streets. The street is the largest and this means it requires more attention than any other street in the country. There is a dire need for infrastructure ...

List of Figures

Figure 1 Protein concentrations under the four conditions 7
Figure 2 Protein standard curve via Bradford assay at 595 nm 13
Figure 3 Protein standard curve via BCA assay at 490 nm 15

List of Tables

Introduction
Proteins are essential for life and we depend on them to interact with cellular molecules in order to live (Pace et al. 2004). Increasing the knowledge about protein solubility is significant for biological studies because increased protein concentrations enhance studies of cellular structures and functions (Golovanov, Hautbergue, Wilson, & Lian, 2004). Accurate protein quantization is also necessary for cellular studies (Johnson, 2012).
The environmental conditions of ...

Introduction

The cell membrane encloses the cell contents and regulates what gets in and out of the cell. This property of a cell is referred to as selective permeability and helps in maintaining life processes (Beckett 22). The property enables physiological process such as diffusion and osmosis to proceed.
Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration (Roberts and Mitchelmore 38). In a cell membrane, the molecules will diffuse from the side where the molecules are more to a region where they are less. Because of selective permeability, only molecules ...

The process of weathering deals with the breaking down of minerals, soils and rocks as well as synthetic materials as a result of contact with the atmosphere, biological entities and water. Weathering is slightly different from erosion, because it does not involve movement. Erosion involves the movement of water, wind, snow or other agents across minerals or rocks. Weathering simply takes place “in situ.” There are two significant types of weathering, chemical and physical. Each can involve a biological component, but the difference is that physical weathering has to do with soils and rocks breaking down as a result of directly contacting ...

INTRODUCTION

Rio Tinto is a combination of predecessor companies formed by investors in 1873 and 1905. Due to such an extensive knowledge and experience in the mining industry, the organization is regarded as one of the finest and leading global mining and metal company. Being a global mining and metal company, the organization focuses highly on the exploration and processing of Earth’s finest mineral resources with an aim to maximize the shareholder’s value. In order to do so, the organization has the right people for the job and resources to provide the world with minerals and metals. Some of the ...

Mahatma Gandhi was a key figure in the history of India in the twentieth century. He was born in 1869 and passed away in 19481. Gandhi was a lawyer by profession, and he was considered a great spiritual and political leader in India. Gandhi founded the Satyagraha movement, which was instrumental in the path to independence. Gandhi is popularly referred to as the ‘Founder of the Nation’2. His Hindu background taught him certain values like tolerance, peaceful coexistence, fasting, and vegetarianism. His philosophy was that truth could only be attained through non-violent means and a search for God through celibacy. He aimed ...

Wondering what should be the proper nutrition, it is necessary to understand what is embedded in this concept, to have an idea about the ways of cooking food, about the value of the constituent elements of products, about the regime and the amount of food that is required depending on the constitution, weight, age, sex, physical activities etc. If a person has developed and sticks to a proper habit in this area, and combines it with the systematic physical exercise, such person will probably have an excellent body metabolism.
After reviewing the analysis of my three days diet, I ...

The objective of this experiment was to get acquainted and study galvanic cells, Nernst equation, and electrochemical reactions and determine the experimental value for the Ecell vs. log Q for Cu/Zn cell.
Galvanic cells are the systems which can produce electric current due to reactions occurring in them. In our common understanding these cells are the batteries. In these cells, the processes of electron transfer and corresponding chemical reactions occur due to the difference in tendency of different substances to gain electrons. The galvanic cell typically consists of two half-cells and a junction between them which is often a ...

The Metabolism of (PABA) Para-Amino benzoic Acid

Introduction
PABA or Para amino benzoic acid is a non proteinous amino acid that occurs naturally. The molecular formula of para- amino benzoic acid is C7H7 NO2; the structure of PABA consists of benzene rings substituted with a carboxyl and an amino group. PABA is a white crystalline molecule that is only sparingly soluble in water. PABA is a very essential nutrient for bacteria PABA functions as an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria
The deficiency of PABA does not cause any deficiency diseases in man. Some bacteria in the intestinal tract can synthesise PABA from chorismate. Humans ...

- Introduction
With water being an essential component necessary to many aspects of domestic life, it also represents an integral component in many industries. Due to water’s inherent solvent properties, water extracted directly form freshwater sources such as lakes, rivers, and aquifers are often times full of absorbed minerals and pollutants unfit for human consumption. Due to this, a variety of methods have been implemented in order to purify water from surface and sub-surface sources. However, the world’s water sources vary greatly in purity to begin with, which results in some methods being much more labor intensive ...

Abstract

This experiment sort to find an accurate and most viable method that would be used in laboratories to the measurement of iron concentration in aqueous samples. The methodologies that were identified for further analysis included; colorimetric assay (molecular spectroscopy), flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, redox titration (volumetric) and cation exchange chromatography (EMA technique). These methods were analyzed of their advantages and later subjected to a validation test. In the process, a wide range of CRMs were used alongside six other samples that contained unknown iron concentration.

The experiment was thus, geared towards providing answers to statements like; the necessity of quantification of ...

Introduction

Acids and bases are chemicals with a wide range of applications both industrially and on small-scale basis. According to Arrhenius, an acid is a substance that liberates H+ when placed in water (Slabaugh & Spencer, 167). On the other hand, a base is a substance that liberates OH- when placed in water (Slabaugh & Spencer, 167). To illustrate, pure water dissociates partially to produce hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions as shown in the equation below:
H2Ol H+aq+ OH-aq
In the above equation, water dissociates to produce H+ and OH-. If an acidic substance is placed in water, it reacts with ...

ID Information: Last Name, First Name, date, Locker #, Course/Section #, lab partner’s name

The purpose of the experiment is to study the density of unknown solutions of different concentrations.

References:

Suzanne Slayden, 2015, Chemistry 211, 212, 251 Laboratory Experiments, 6th Edition, GMU Bookstore, Johnson Center, page 35 - 45
Materials and Chemicals:
The materials required for the experiment are:
10ml volumetric flask
Electronic gram scale
A solution which is unknown
3M NaCl solution
Procedure:
The procedure of the experiment is as follows: (Suzanne, 2015)
A clean and dry 10.00 ml volumetric flask with a stopper was weighed on an electronic ...

A person’s nutritional status is largely determined by the diet he or she partakes in. Eating nutritious and healthy foods is essential for our bodies to obtain the nutrients needed. Moreover, the food we eat determines the caloric intake for the day, which is important when it comes to weight control. Furthermore, this paper is an analysis of my diet that was recorded by MyFitnessPal, an application that counts the calories of food one intakes and provides a summary on one’s macro- and micronutrients.
When my food intake from February 8 to 14 is analysed, it can ...

International Marketing Plan of Burts Potato Chips

Executive Summary
The globalization has changed the face of the international business, and the companies are now expanding their operations to more than one country so that they can tap untapped segments to increase profitability. Some of the benefits of the international expansion into emerging economies are a large base of potential customers, decreased costs and economies of scale due to large operational capacities. Burts Chips is also planning to achieve these benefits of international expansion by expanding the operations to Brazil. This document provides detailed insights into the economy of the Brazil and suggests suitable entry method along ...

Body Cameras and Police Policies

Abstract
In the United States, significant attention has been placed on law enforcement use of body cameras. Police body cameras are small devices that are attached to the officer’s uniform or worn as a head piece that record police interaction with the public. Both supporters and opponents of the use of these cameras have cited several reasons for their stance and the issue remains controversial. This paper takes a deep look at this issue with particular focus on the importance and the role of police body worn cameras. Some of the major aspects that will be explored in the ...

Introduction

Stanley Park is a public park covering 1,001-acre land in Canada. The park is located in downtown Vancouver and is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean waters. Stanley Park is established in a land that was originally inhabited by indigenous people, long before colonization by the British. After colonization, the park that was blessed with abundant resources become home to aboriginal settlers. When the city recuperated in 1886, it was turned into the prime park of Vancouver. The name “Stanley” comes from a British politician, Lord Stanley, the governor general of the area at that time. The unique thing about Stanley Park ...

Introduction

Initially there were beliefs that, MMPs are jointly able to degenerate all constituents making up the extracellular matrix (ECM) together with basement membrane that confines their operations to tissue reconstruction as well as the preservation. Nonetheless, the contemporary studies also signify that MMP-1 is responsible for controlling the production or else the activation of the chemokines. At this point, it is critical to understand that MMP-1 is among other MMPs.
Similarly, the knowledge holds it that MMP- 1 cleaves a peptide bond beforehand a residue comprising of a hydrophobic adjacent chain, for instance Met and Leu. The other sideways chains cleaved ...

1.0 Introduction
Categorically, there are approximations that nearly 30% of the overall globe land area comprises of occupied arid and semi-arid areas. Most importantly, water shortages prevent both economic and social development of the mentioned arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The cited economic and social development gets held back because they significantly rely on continuous water supply resources. Due to the constant and continuous interruption of the aquifers (V.E.A, 2005, p.122), the freshwater challenge gets motivated, because, the mentioned water is increasingly becoming salty. The report, therefore, aims at evaluating the feasibility of providing fresh water ...

Report Assessing the Feasibility of Different Techniques for Providing Fresh Water to Arid Regions of the World

Introduction
Howard, Xin, and Mathias (2010) suggest that approximately 30 percent of the whole land in the world comprises arid and semi-arid areas inhabited by several populations of the world. The authors continue on the same note by asserting that the main challenge to the social and economic development of these arid regions of the world is the acute shortage of water, necessary for the development of various sectors within the society. The impediment results from the fact that the development of the economy has significant dependence on the availability of water in the regions. Sound development of ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]}
{Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]}

Introduction and Literature Review

The value for a drug is significantly impacted by the dissolution rate, chemical stability and solubility of the drugs thereby impacting the pharmaceuticals efficiency as well. In the pharmaceutical industry multi-component crystals such as hydrates, solvates, co-crystals and salts have a major role during the design of new solids. Solid does not self-crystallize. It crystallizes in varied forms depicting random crystal properties. Various approaches are used to modify solids like Salting, Solvation, Hydration, and Polymorphism. Apart from these approaches, Co-Crystallization is a promising new approach to modifying solids (Nauha, ...

\sPrince Mohammad University

Introductory Biology

Report

Reem A. Alotaibi
2001100196
Introductory Biology

Section: 201

Dr. Tabassum Ashfaq
Study of Compound Microscope
Aim of the experiment:
Objective of Study:
1- To identify the different parts of the microscope.
2- To know the functions of the different parts of the microscope.
3- To learn the different objective powers of the microscope.
4- To correctly use the microscope to see perfectly clear images of different specimen.
5- To understand the precautions needed while handling a microscope.
Materials Required:
- Microscope.
- Pinus Pollen Grains.
...

Introduction

An acid that gives two hydrogen ions for every acid molecule is known as diprotic acid. Examples of such acids are sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), oxalic acid (H2C2O4), chromic acid (H2CrO4) and carbonic acid (H2CO3). Dissociation of a diprotic acid in water takes place in two stages. In the first stage, the diprotic acid dissociates to give one hydrogen ion and a monoprotic form of the acid.
H2X(aq) H+(aq) + HX-(aq)
The second stage involves the dissociation of the monoprotic form of the acid to give the second hydrogen ion and fully dissociated form of ...

UNKNOWN #16

SUMMER 2013
INTRODUCTION
Purpose
The purpose of the lab is to separate characterize and identify microbes from unknown mixed culture using the morphological and biochemical methods.

Theory

The process of identifying bacteria is a systematic and careful process which uses various techniques to narrow down the bacteria types which are present in an unknown culture of bacteria. This process produces advantages for many factors of research of microorganisms and assists in the proper treatment of patients (Aneja 10). Several tests were performed to give the fermentation abilities, availability of specific enzymes and specific biochemical reactions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The experiment started ...

Diabetes is a condition that occurs when the pancreas cannot produce insulin or when cells cannot respond to insulin because of insulin resistance. Diabetes is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. Several potential complications can occur when diabetes is not managed properly, such as kidney failure, obesity, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol levels, so a diet aimed at diabetes patients needs to minimize those risks.
There are no strict guidelines for creating or following a diabetic diet, but the main points include high-fiber intake, eating healthy carbohydrates, low cholesterol intake, low saturated fat intake, and focusing on foods with a low glycemic index ( ...

Product: Lean Meat in Vegetable Collage

Raw materials, nutrients and properties
The raw materials required to prepare the vegetable collage are:-
Preparation
The process to be followed for preparing the product comprises of the following steps.
- Firstly, salt, pepper and cinnamon is evenly applied in lean meat pieces. The pieces are then kept in whole wheat flour such that a uniform coating of whole wheat develops on the pieces of meat.
- Thereafter, the lean meat pieces are grilled in light heat.
- In a separate vessel, using 2 teaspoons of olive oil and lemon juice the vegetables- corn, spinach, ...

Introduction

Gene expression is the process through which the information that has been encorded in the gene is firstly converted into messenger RNA and then finally to a protein. The study of gene expression is critical especially to the biological student and more so to one who would like to study biology related course like microbiology in future. Therefore, it is important to note that we study gene expression in order to determine how the genes and the proteins which they encode functions in the intact organism. Zhang (2006),
Another reason why we study gene expression is in order to ...

Technical Fact Sheet

CHEMICAL CLASS/TYPE
Morphine is an opiate alkaloid, which are a group of chemical compounds with analgesic (pain-relieving) and narcotic (sleep-inducing) properties. Similar compounds in its class include buprenorphine, and the synthetic opioid heroine.
It is found naturally in the environment in the sap of the opium poppy plant, Papaver sominferum (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2012).
These compounds exert their actions on the body through the opioid receptors, which are found on many different tissues. Morphine has widespread effects in the body, of which the most prominent are on the central nervous system and on smooth muscle ( ...

Abstract

The experiment conducted is a palladium catalyzed coupling of a terminal alkyne to 4-Iodonitrobenzene. 1.25 mL of 95% ethanol was added along with 93mg of 4-Iodonitrobenzene, 80mg piperazine hexahydrate and 4 mg CuI, in a 5mL clean and dry conical vial plus spinvane. 80 µL (density 0.898 g/mL) of tetrahydro-2-(2-propynyloxy)-2H-pyran was added to the solution through an automatic pipette. To this add 3 mg of Pd(OAc)2, refluxed and stirred under a water cooled condenser for half an hour until it turned dark brown. The reaction mixture was then poured into a clean and dry evaporating dish and heated gently with a ...