Airway Research Papers Samples For Students

Respiratory therapy involves treating, assessing and taking care of patients suffering from cardiopulmonary and breathing disorders. The patients could be of any age, from premature infants to neonates to the elderly with diseased lungs. Also, patients that suffer from lung ailments like emphysema, asthma or those in need of emergency care require the services of a respiratory therapist. Therefore, a respiratory therapist works closely with physicians and nurses to form a team. Respiratory therapists conduct diagnostic tests on their patients. They also evaluate them, monitor them, assess their progress and perform physical examinations on them. Respiratory therapists maintain the equipments in the ...

Introduction

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most prevalent genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, with an incidence of 1 in 2500 births. CF is a disease that affects many organs including the upper and lower respiratory tracts, pancreas, intestines and reproductive system. Over the past 20 years, our understanding of the manifestation and management of the disease has progressed dramatically. CF was once considered a condition of childhood and there was very little expectation that children would enter adult life. However, CF has become a multisystem adult disease with the increased survival attributable to advancements in standardized treatment, introduction of ...

Asthma is a complex multifactorial disease that affects millions of people worldwide and can occur across any age or ethnicity. In children, boys are slightly more affected than girls, but in adults, women are more affected than men (Fanta 1002). Asthma affects about 300 million people and accounts for around 250,000 deaths each year worldwide (Lv et al. 105; Ober and Yao 11). Asthma can be atopic or non-atopic. Atopic asthma usually starts in childhood or adolescence and is hypothesized to be influenced by genetic predisposition. Non-atopic asthma usually occurs in adults and can result from bacterial or viral ...

Smoke inhalation injuries in fire victims

The clinical manifestations of acute and chronic smoke inhalation injuries are due to two processes; one, the direct effects the inhaled substances have on the respiratory system that is, pulmonary injuries and the systemic effects induced by the toxic gases such as cyanide and carbon monoxide absorbed. Pulmonary injuries can further be categorized into those affecting the upper airway and those below the level of the glottis. Smoke inhalation triggers a systemic inflammatory response. Diagnosis of smoke inhalation injuries is based on the presenting symptoms and a battery of diagnostic tests majorly blood gas analysis.

Body

Injuries of the upper airway occur ...

Abstract

Dexmedetomidine is a centrally acting α-2 receptor agonist that is used as anaesthesia during surgical procedures. It has several properties that make it suitable for use during monitored anaesthesia care (MAC). DEX has analgesic properties thus there is considerably reduced opioids requirements both before and after surgery (Candiotti, et al., 2010). Tachychardia and hypertension are mitigated by the symphatholytic effect of DEX. It has also been known to be friendly to respiratory system as it does not depress the respiratory system during its use. These properties make it suitable for MAC during orthopedic, ophthalmic, plastic surgery, dental and diagnostic procedures. ...

COPD is a medical condition that is characterized by alteration in lung parenchyma, bronchitis, emphysema and narrowing of the respiratory passages. It occurs as a consequence to chronic inflammation reaction involving the respiratory tract. The mucous secretion and fibrosis associated with chronic inflammation, can cause blockage and narrowing of the airway. Bronchitis refers to inflammation of the inner lining of the lung, while, emphysema is a clinical condition that occurs following the long term destruction of lung parenchyma. Bronchitis and emphysema are both characteristic features of COPD. Destruction of lung parenchyma causes loss of alveolar attachment and decreases the ...

Many sleep disorders affect different people at different ages. These diseases present with different but related symptoms. The most common feature is an effect on the patterns of sleep of the patients. It is proper that both the patient as well as his or her family is aware of the expected symptoms and effects once an individual is diagnosed with any sleep disorder. Therefore, family health education is a crucial tool in the awareness creation among the family members. The focus of this paper is to highlight the signs, symptoms, treatment, and complications of certain mental disorders.

Sleep Apnea caused by Obesity

Obstructive sleep ...

HYPOTHESIS

Is the peak flow meter reliable enough to measure asthma? Are peak flow measurement variations sufficiently sensitive and specific in cases of occupational asthma, childhood asthma and under other asthmatic conditions?

INTRODUCTION

Asthma is a serious lung condition characterized by bronchial hyper-reactivity, inflammation and mucous plugging resulting in airway constriction. An acute asthmatic attack is usually reversible by rescue inhalers. Asthma affects over 5 % of the US population and is responsible for approximately half a million hospital admissions annually in the US. 1
The Peak Flow Meter is a simple device which is very useful in measuring changes in airway capacity in ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or else known as chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD, is a form of obstructive lung disease categorized by persistently reduced airflow and it is typical for this situation to get worse over the years. The key symptoms comprise of shortness of breath, cough, and mucus making . It is not uncommon for individuals with bronchitis to show symptoms of COPD . Smoking is considered one of the main factors in causing COPD along with other important causes including air pollution and genetics. Nowadays, and especially in Third World Countries, insufficient cooking and ways of heating are a key ...

Comparison between invasive & non-invasive ventilation in managing flail chest

Abstract
Background
Invasive ventilation has been beneficial with the provision of the airway defense for patients with respiratory complications and blunt injury such as the flail chest. It increases the airway defense and consequently minimizes the risk of reparatory related infections. Furthermore, invasive ventilation has the ability to allot the flow of lower tidal volumes. On the other hand, non-invasive ventilations involve the use of a ventilator support without the invasive artificial airway. This type of ventilation has been in a wide use and it has become popular within the previous two decades. The flexibility nature of the method ...

Abstract

The most widespread causes of seizures are infection. Seizure can occur in all ages and the infection can vary base from age. Toxoplasma occurs in newborns while Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease occurs in elders. Moreover, for some infections like neurocysticercosis, seizures are the only observable symptom. Seizure can be the only indication of global central nervous system dysfunction including rabies and sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis .
This paper focuses on the discussion of seizures, their types and causes, as well as the pre-hospitalization rehabilitation and hospital rehabilitation of seizures.
Seizure is a momentary absence of control usually in the company of unconsciousness, ...

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disorder that is characterized by an inflammation and hyper-responsiveness of the airways and causes several symptoms, including coughing, shortage of breath, tightness in the chest area, and wheezing. Although asthma is generally diagnosed early in life, all age groups can suffer from asthma and be at risk for acute asthma exacerbation. Asthma is a serious issue because acute exacerbations can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates.
In 2009, more than 3,000 people died because of asthma (American Lung Association, 2012). Only 37 asthma-related deaths per year occur in children, but the risk for ...

Cystic fibrosis is a chronic, progressive and often deadly genetic disease that affects the body’s mucous glands. It follows that cystic fibrosis (CF) is evident in the body’s digestive and respiratory systems, particularly in children and young adults (Flume et al., 2007). In some cases, it affects the reproductive system and the sweat glands. A CF-like disease has been known over the past two centuries, but it was in 1938 that the term cystic fibrosis was first used.
CF may also be considered to be an autosomal-recessive disease. Its estimated heterozygote occurrence is one for every twenty ...

Respiratory Care related topic and the role of AARC

Postoperative pulmonary complications
Postoperative pulmonary complications such as pneumonia, atelectasis, and respiratory failure are among the commonly encountered problems in the respiratory care. Upper-abdominal surgical procedures are found to have an association with increased level of complications, followed by thoracic surgery and lower-abdominal surgery. Usually, preoperative and postoperative respiratory therapies are used to prevent or treat the problem of atelectasis – which is the collapse of an expanded lung, and failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth – and to improve the airway clearance. The chances of complications as well as its severity can be decreased by using therapeutic procedures ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), defined as pneumonia that was absent or not developing at intubation, is the second most common hospital acquired infection (Bahrt, 2009, p. 49). It is the most prevalent hospital acquired infection amongst mechanically ventilated patients in critical care units with an estimated 10-20% incidence rate in some hospitals. It affects approximately 28% of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for >48 hours (Button, Culmer, Southard, & Donaldosn, 2005). Patients on mechanical ventilation for >24 hours are 6 to 21 times more likely to acquire VAP than patients not on ventilator support. VAP is the ...

Introduction

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and young children. The infection is also seen in adults and old individuals, but infants and children are more commonly affected (Krilov, 2011). Infection with RSV accounts for more than 100,000 hospitalizations every year in the US. In US, RSV is a ubiquitous pathogen infecting virtually all children at least once by the time they are three year old. Globally, RSV is associated with 160,000 to 600,000 deaths per year in children alone (Howard, 2000).

Etiology

Prematurely born infants (at 36 ...

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the outcomes of NIV versus invasive mechanical ventilation in COPD patients.
Data Source: Relevant articles were identified from the following journals CHEST, Respiratory Care, European Respiratory Journal, Annals of Internal Medicine, and AHC Media.
Study selection: The articles identified consisted reports of two randomized controlled trials and three review articles which investigated the outcomes of NIV versus mechanical ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD, weaning of COPD patients on mechanical ventilation, and nocturnal management of COPD.
Data extraction: The study reviewed meta-analytic reviews, prospective randomized control trials, and retrospective observational studies. ...

- Introduction
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are disease associated with obstruction and chronic inflammation of the airway (respiratory tract). Though the two conditions are separate and different, they are so similar to the extent that misdiagnosis of either condition is highly likely. Some scholars have called for a re-evaluation of the two disorders in terms of their symptomatic differences, their coexistence and their overlap. Gibson and Simpson (2009) extensively studied the overlapping diagnosis of COPD and asthma and introduced the concept of the overlap syndrome. The major difference between the two conditions has to do with ...

Response to question 1

In outlining similarities and differences between chronic bronchitis and emphysema in terms of anatomical/cellular, chemical, and functional changes, inevitably it would be highlighting differentiations between two conditions affecting the respiratory system.

Major differerences are that there are primary and secondary types of emphysemas classified as panacinary and centroacinary. In panacinary emphysema there is expansion of the entire respiratory acinus beginning from the respiratory bronchiole towards the alveoli. The changes commonly appear at the lower lobes of the lungs and the anterior walls (McCance , Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2010). Centroacinary emphysema expresses changes in the upper lobe anatomy. There are ...