Anxiety Research Papers Samples For Students

Caffeine is the most pervasively used psychoactive and widely used mood-altering drug in the world. The fact that caffeine is not regulated implies, this drug does not have severe effects. It is clear that the coffee, tea and other beverages that contain caffeine result in addictions. Research indicates that the caffeine is extremely addictive, with ability to cause conditions of intoxication, withdrawal, and dependence. The addiction arises from its ability to induce sleep, decrease pain, and fatigue, boost memory, and promote anxiety. Caffeine helps in sustaining duration, maximizes effort, and increases speed during endurance events. It has not been ...

You will not get wrinkles if you regularly do yoga exercises. This statement or useful advice you may have heard from many yogis or your yoga instructor. In fact, this statement is true as yoga increases the stretching ability of your muscles and your body becomes more elastic and beautiful, as well. Yoga is the only exercise that not only shapes up your body, but also cures many diseases.
In yoga, you will find many “asana or yoga poses” that stimulate our internal organs,and they perform their function in much better way. Like “tritone asana” that stimulate ...

Social anxiety disorder is also known as social phobia. This state of an individual is an extreme case of the individual feeling pressure and being fearful of certain social situations. Some individuals are not confident in group settings, and constantly fear of being evaluated. Mostly this state occurs when the individual is faced with a new or novel situation. It is not uncommon to feel anxious about a new situation but some people fear it to a very large degree; hence, being a victim of the social anxiety disorder. Individuals may be so frightened of facing these new situations that they may do ...

Introduction

The CNS is a connection of nerves which executes control over the mind and most of the body functions. It is made up of two parts which are the brain and a spinal cord. The brain forms the core of our thoughts by interpreting what lies within our external environment. Majority of the movements made by the body originate from the brain. It coordinates those movements and ensures that they are well executed to enable human beings to carry out their daily duties. Information which originates from body organs like the eyes, nose and the ears is interpreted by the brain ...

Is ‘Play’ on Its Way Out?

Is ‘Play’ on Its Way Out?

Introduction

The paper addresses two questions in service of the overall query, “Is ‘play’ on its way out?” The two questions are:
- Do children play less than they used to?
- Why should we be concerned?

Do Children Play Less Than They Used To?
Two research efforts have concluded that children do indeed play less than they used to. Hofferth and Sandberg (cited by Gray, 2011) compared 6 to 8 year old children in 1997 with children of the same age in 1981 and found a substantial decrease in time spent ...

Introduction

Obsessive compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder of the brain and behavior which causes severe anxiety and involves both obsessions and compulsions which may interfere with the normal activities of a person. People with OCD fall into different categories. They maybe washers, checkers, doubters and sinners, counters and arrangers and hoarders. According to Robinson et al. (2014), washers are those who are afraid of contamination while checkers are those who repeatedly check things associated with danger like gas stoves. Doubters and sinners are those who think that they will be punished if they do not do things right. Counters and ...

Anxiety is among the most hectic psychological disorders facing human life. Psychologists have shown interest in the study of anxiety disorders. The motive is to gather as much information as possible so as to assist individuals deal with the problem (Hina et al., 2010). As a result, different kinds of anxiety disorders have been identified. They include; specific phobia, panic, obsessive/compulsive and traumatic stress disorder. It has been established that these anxiety disorders have destroyed the paths of lives of many people. It has led some to take inappropriate life decisions that have obstacles in their entire life span. Therefore, ...

Coping with depression connected to rheumatoid arthritis

What is depression?
Depression is essentially feeling ‘down’. It is a severe mood state that may affect the general state of mind. This usually comes about as a result of encountering a stressful condition or failing to meet one’s expectations in life as expected of them by the society or just at an individual level. Chronic lifestyle illnesses have been largely associated with such cases of anxiety and depression and so patients with rheumatic arthritis have been faced with the same condition. The nature of the disease incapacitates the patients and makes them fully dependant on others. This can be ...

LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

INTRODUCTION
SLE and Multiple Sclerosis both being autoimmune conditions, still show lot of diversities in their clinical manifestations. SLE is now also termed as Connective Tissue Disease to avoid confusion with other related diseases. Whereas Multiple Sclerosis is more of an inflammatory disease affecting the Central Nervous System.
*Prevalence of SLE : 30 in 100000 in Caucasians to 200/100000 in Afro-Carribeans
*Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis: 120 in 100000 (in UK)
*Gender Distribution : Both the diseases are commoner in women than in men

ETIOLOGY OF THE DISEASES

Predisposing factors of SLE:
- Genetic predisposition
- Cigarette smoking
...

Psychology

Abstract
Selective mutism affect many children and can get worst if it is left mis-diagnozed. It is important for parents to know the signs and act early to prevent their child from suffering from this disorder later on in their life. The early diagnosis of the disorder is important, so too is the treatment options that are available for the child. If it is caught early on in the child’s life, it is easier for them to be treated and enabled to live a normal life. If it is not treated, the child may become an adult who ...

Article 1: Patterns of Anxiety in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilatory Support

This research study was done by Chlan and Savik, (2011) in an attempt to explore on the anxiety patterns in the ICU patients using mechanical ventilation support. The research employed descriptive statistics for ordinal and interval data that were presented as medians with ranges and provided the skewed data distributions. The categorical data was analyzed and presented as frequencies. The initial analysis graphed the anxiety trajectories for every participant to discern the pattern changes. The mixed model effects were then employed in the analysis since they accommodate non-homogeneous and correlated residuals that were expected in the repeated measures. The ...

Mental disorders presently affect a large proportion of world population. The World Health Organization (2012)conducted a status survey, which found that a significant chunk of the world population suffers from various degrees of a wide assemblage of mental disorders. According to the World Health Organization Report (2012), over 350 million people suffer from depression all over the world. In a conflict between, Nature vs. Nurture, scientific community stands divided on the contribution of genetics on Psychiatric disorders and illness. However through this essay, I will put forward arguments based on scientific findings that showcase the contribution of genetics on mental disorders.
Unlike ...

Blood Pressure, Hypertension and the Nervous System

Cardiovascular activities within the human body are generally facilitated by the regulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic afferent and efferent nerve fibers. Blood pressure is the relationship between the vascular resistance and the amount of blood that the heart pumps per minute (i.e. cardiac output). Cardiac output is affected by the following factors: end-diastolic volume, cardiac muscle contraction, and heart rate. While the sympathetic nervous system controls the blood volume and the tone of venous smooth muscle (determinants of end-diastolic volume) alone, the myocardial contraction and heart rate is controlled by both sympathetic and parasympathetic regions of the autonomic ...

Anxiety disorders are undoubtedly among the most common types of emotional disorders affecting a very large portion of the world’s population. These disorders are different from the everyday normal feelings of nervousness. They are dangerous and can worsen with time. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) falls in this category. GAD takes worrying to a whole new level. Individuals afflicted with this condition undergo exaggerated and excessive worry and tension. They always expect the worst possible outcome despite there being no evidence for their concern. GAD affects individuals of all ages, but those who are at most risk are in the ages ...

Abstract

The research deals with the problem of phobias, the types of this irrational behavior, the history of research as well as the key founders and co-researchers who contributed significantly to studying this psychotic disorder. It was also studied whether phobias have relationship with age and gender of those being prone to the disorder. The questions of reasons, symptoms and treatment were given a particular focus in the concluding part of the project. The question of whether phobias are acquired in the course of life or transmitted genetically was scrutinized based on the opinions of world’s finest psychology experts, professors ...

Impact of Noise Pollution on Mental Health

Introduction
Noise is increasingly becoming a major threat to both human and animal life. In last few decades, noise pollution has increased considerably in every urban area with an ever-increasing population and heavy load of traffic on roads. Since noise is not a palpable matter one can see, taste or smell, over the years noise pollution has received very limited attention compared to other types of pollution like air or water pollution. Due to the increasing urbanization and industrial growth, environmental noise caused by transportation systems and machines, aircraft, motor vehicles, trains, loud music and constant hubbub of city life ...

In recent years the perception of the effects of marijuana both positive and negative have been increasingly discussed in the public arena. Many people contest that there are no negative consequences of marijuana use. The fact of the matter is that in order to consider something as having negative consequences, it does not need to directly cause death from an overdose. There are many other avenues, some more direct than others that a drug can cause negative consequences to the user directly in addition to collaterally in the case of family, friends and others in society. It has been proven ...

Introduction

Behavioral health, also referred to as mental health, is the way that a person thinks, and their emotional reaction to situations. Behavioral health also includes the different methods of promoting wellbeing, and the prevention of mental illnesses. According to Holmes (2014), behavioral health is much more than the absence of mental illness. It includes a person’s ability to enjoy life that is determined by their psychological resilience, and their ability to balance their life. It also includes a person’s flexibility to new ideas and their level of self actualization. Examples of behavioral disorders include Anxiety, Depression, Attention Deficit Disorder, Post ...

On the website of the International OCD Foundation, they experts define Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) as “a disorder of the brain and behavior” (International OCD Foundation 2014). People who suffer from OCD have a lot of anxiety because their OCD causes them to have “obsessions and compulsions” that are time-consuming and are obstacles to normal living (International OCD Foundation 2014). An example of OCD is an obsession about germs. If a person is so afraid of germs that they cannot even handle the trash, then they have trouble functioning like a normal person and having normal relationships. In the book Loving Someone with ...

Introduction

Adolescence is one of the stages in life that poses several challenges to the youth. In this transition stage from childhood to adulthood, the youth usually experience new encounters in their lives, which they had never experienced before. In some youths, these experiences have positive impacts on their behavior and character. On the other hand, other youths might experience demeaning effects of the impacts of adolescent experiences. Sports are one of the activities, which engage the youth. Research indicates that, most of the adolescents engaged in sporting activities stay away from other peer related influences such as drug abuse, ...

Slide 2: Introduction

- Social anxiety or social phobia is one of the most common types of mental disorders.
- It is classified as the third most prevalent psychological disorder in USA, next to depression and alcoholism.
- About 7% of the population in USA is plagued by some form of social phobia.

Slide 3: Overview of Social Anxiety Disorder

What is social anxiety?
- Irrational persistent fear of being judged negatively by others
- Self-consciousness while doing common things in front of others.
- Characterized by increased palpitations, feelings of self-doubt, low self-esteem, embarrassment and inferiority complex.

Types of social anxiety

- Generalized
- Non-generalized

Slide 4: Types of Social Anxiety

Generalized
...

Section I:Introductory Overview

A. Background and History of PTSD
Many research findings found out that anxiety disorder known as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a ubiquitous neuropsychological phenomenon. It happens to almost any individuals, no matter what their age, gender, ethnicities, etc. Being associated with serious traumatic events, it has many characteristic symptoms, such as survivor guilt, lack of involvement with reality, recurrent images and thoughts, numbing and reliving the trauma in dreams. People undergo the reliving of traumatic events via recurrent nightmares or similar threatening scenarios (National Institute of Health, 2014). Individuals with the disorder have excessive distressing feelings triggered by ...

- Design
In contemporary global society, social media is a fundamental element that has influenced individual’s lives. Social media has become a multidimensional syndrome that has cause negative impacts on the cognitive and behavioral symptoms. This study focuses on the influence of social media for anxiety. The study sought to investigate the impacts and relationship of social media with the society through conducting quantitative researches. Survey close-ended questionnaires have been used to determine the cognitive impacts of the social media on the society. Furthermore, this study determines negative outcomes of the social media examine social interaction and the problematic ...

Test Anxiety

Introduction
Test anxiety is often regarded as a unique construct of anxiety. It takes place when individuals find themselves in situations that require evaluation, especially in the formal testing environments found in the education system. Individuals who exhibit test anxiety at high levels often experience a disruption of their mental processes, especially when they have to engage their minds in evaluating tasks that are demanding in nature. According to Wachelka & Katz (1999), formal academic assessment work can be very demanding to the mind. The stressing of the human mind can lead to emotional instability. As a result, test anxiety can also ...

- Introduction
Dementia is not a particular type of disease rather it is caused by multiple symptoms render the person to even carry out normal daily activities like Talking, dressing, walking etc. Brain function is lowered, affecting decision making, learning, memory and language. It can be mistaken with normal memory loss and deterioration of the normal brain activity with age. Dementia mostly occurs after the age of 60 and complexes increase not treated in earlier stages.
- Body
- Organ System: The Central Nervous System
The central nervous system plays an important role in bodily function ...

Introduction

In thinking about death one is likely to come up with two inescapably true and mutually excluding conclusions: certainty and unknowing (Orbach, 1999, p.9). On the one hand, each of us seems to be convinced that death is inevitable and inescapable, while, on the other hand, nobody of the living is able to confidently predict the time of his/her death and provide a clear vision of what is going to happen to what can be called a soul after the body is dead. Since ages lots of people have been dreaming to invent a way to either escape or at least postpone ...

Laughter and mediation can be an effective care giving and self-care tool. The mind, the heart and the whole body all benefit from its regular exercise. Gelotology which is the physiological study of laughter depicts that laughing is more than just the movement and voice of a person. Seemingly, laughter requires coordination of various muscles in the body. When all these muscles coordinate, laughter increases heart rate, blood pressure and changes breathing. As a reaction to particular stimuli, laughter serves as an emotional balancing mechanism that enables people clarify their intentions while providing expressive context of conversation. Studies show that laughter ...

Introduction

Social Phobia also known as social anxiety disorder is an issue that is increasingly common among the males of young age who are experiencing and taking various new steps of life and making great efforts to develop good image, their own recognition and worth in the world. As they grow, passing each year of their age they encounter various different issues that affect their personalities directly or indirectly. Social phobia or social anxiety disorder is one of such issues that can affect upon them very negatively and drastically as it relates to avoiding social gathering, lacking confidence, having fears, ...

Introduction

Mathematics is one of the most important inventions of man, not to forget that it has existed since ancient civilizations emerged. One needs to count each day, recognize numbers, add, subtract, analyze and conclude from the world around every day. Almost everything that happens around in the world has a mathematical explanation. But mathematics is also a student’s nightmare. Mathematics forms the core subject in all curriculums world-wide. However, many do not understand mathematics even when they live with it every day. Mathematics is not a natural phenomenon and people learn it as they grow through their life. But not everyone ...

Behavior Therapy

Behavior therapy is the use of learning procedures to eliminate maladaptive behaviors such as schizophrenia, phobias, and anxiety (Myers, 2010, p. 652; Passer & Smith, 2010, p. 592). Behavior therapy is based on the thinking that observable behavior is the problem, rather than a symptom of some invisible, underlying issue (Passer & Smith, 2010, p. 592). Behavior therapy helps people to unlearn some behaviors such as fear of public speaking or anxiety. It can also help in arresting other conditions such as autism.
The major approaches used in behavior therapy are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is a type of ...

Introduction

Complementary medicine is a group of therapies or diagnostic approaches that are outside the institutions of the conventional healthcare. There have been several names given to this group of therapies. These include alternative and integrative medicine. It can also be refer to as the group of therapies or treatment a patient use in addition to the doctor’s standard care.
In recent times, there has been an issue with stress and this has been affecting the health status of people. In a bid to manage the stress, some of the approaches used involved the complementary medicine. These techniques help reduce the ...

Introduction

Lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD refers to a semisynthetic psychedelic drug belonging to the ergoline family. The drug is well known for the psychological effect. These psychological effects include altered thinking, synesthesia, closed- and open-eye visuals, a changed sense of spiritual experiences, as well as time. The drug is used as a recreational drug, an entheogen, or as a psychedelic therapy agent. LSD is not known to cause addiction or damage to the brain and has a very low toxicity when compared to the dose administered (Lüscher and Ungless).

History

The first synthesis of LSD was conducted in 1938 by a Swiss chemist known as ...

Article Critique: Anxiety

Article Critique
The paper is titled “Comparison of anxiety Assessments between Clinicians and Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Cardiac Critical Care Units”. As the title depicts, the paper is trying to examine if there is any difference between the assessment of anxiety by patients and clinicians after an episode of myocardial infarction.
1.Is there a clear statement of a problem? In the abstract that was written about the paper, the research problem was stated as Anxiety being a significant factor in the recovery of patients that have just suffered a myocardial infarction. However, in the body of the paper, this ...

SOC313: Social Implications of Medical Issues

Introduction
Hypertension contributes to a number of diseases. As per studies about 26% people of the world totaling about 1 billion in number are afflicted with hypertension (Kearney et. al). Since a large segment of the world population is expected to grow older by 2025, hypertension is likely to increase in the world within next 15 years. In the US, currently a recorded number of 73 million people are suffering from hypertension. Hypertension is regarded as the silent killer because people suffering from it do not show any external symptoms. Hypertension hardens arteries resulting in the higher risk for cardiovascular diseases, ...

PICOT QUESTION

PICO question is defined as a method or technique of formulating researchable questions, which guides nurses and clinical researchers in coming up with evidence based research nursing practices (Matzo & Sherman, 2010). The PICO question formulation allows for establishment of evidenced based and current researchable questions that comes up with effective disease diagnosis and treatment protocols. The research question format consists of “P”, which describes the Patient or the Problem being investigated, “I” represents the clinical Interventions, “C” which represents comparison of known interventions with non known Intervention, and “O” which represents nursing or clinical Outcomes (Polit &Hungler, 2005).
The ...

Exam Anxiety.sav- Interpretation:

The first table presented a matrix of correlations coefficients for Exam performance, Exam anxiety and Time spent revising. It was found that performance in exam was negatively linked to exam anxiety; the Pearson Correlation was r = −.441. P value was less than 0.05 so this relation is significant. It was also found that exam performance was significantly positively correlated to time spent revising; r = 0.3967 and p < 0.001. Lastly, exam anxiety appears to be significantly negatively linked to time spent revising (r = -0.709, p= 0.000). The above Descriptive table presented the mean and standard deviation of all the four variables for ...

Introduction

The global burden of psychiatric disorders is high and the etiology of these diseases varies between and within individuals. Current studies are focusing on genetic factors associated with each class of disorders. Other studies take a psychological approach to the management of psychiatric disorders.

Article Summaries

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders affecting up to 13.3% of the population in the U.S. Anxiety disorders have been associated with decreased productivity, increased morbidity and mortality rates, and increased growth of alcohol and drug abuse (Bystritsky et al., 2013). Studies have found an extensive presence of comorbidities in patients presenting with symptoms ...

Abstract

There have been several instances where a drug has been developed for medicinal purposes but has eventually become more popular as an intoxicant. Ecstasy and Molly are two of the most prominent MDMAs today. While they differ in the manner in which they are consumed as well as the intensity of their reaction, the impact they have on the mind and health of a human being is mostly the same. This paper addresses the characteristics of each and traces its impact.
Addiction and intoxication by several substances have been used as a common way to find bliss and pleasure since the ...

INTRODUCTION

Depression and depression are examples of mental disorders that are usually common in women. Women usually find it difficult to balance between home duties and work. They are conditions common in developing countries where women earn low income, are exposed to health risks, and undergo domestic violence. Through advancement in technology, there are new diagnostic tools that are used to screen the population and detect those experiencing the common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress in the community.
Research has shown that anxiety and stress relate in so many ways and they have been proved to ...

Anxiety disorders are conditions that are characterized by pathological anxiety that has not been caused by physical illness and is not associated with substance use besides not being part of a psychotic illness (Starcevic, 2004, p. 1). The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), anxiety disorders comprise of a group of diagnostic entities. They include panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia), agoraphobia without history of panic disorder, acute stress disorder, specific phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety (social phobia), posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorder due to a general medical condition, substance-induced anxiety disorder, general anxiety disorder and ...

In medical terminology, the term “addiction” is used to refer to the state in which the body becomes physiologically dependent on a substance and the mind becomes psychologically dependent on a substance, such drug substances. Removal of these drug substances usually causes withdrawal symptoms in people who are dependent on them. Addiction on drug substances can be both physiological and psychological, and despite the distinction between these two forms of addiction, they tend to overlap.
Physiological dependence on a drug substance refers to the state in which someone becomes so dependent on the substance that characteristic withdrawal symptoms begin to appear ...

Abstract

The hippocampus is a part of the limbic system found in the temporal lobe. Hippocampal neurogenesis, the ability of the hippocampus to generate/produce new neurons all through to adulthood, has been linked to emotion moderation, spatial navigation, learning, memory, and cognitive function. These functions are usually impaired in depression and anxiety and hence the speculations that hippocampal neurogenesis plays a critical role in the etiology, pathophysiology and even the treatment depression and anxiety. The hippocampal neurogenesis hypothesis attempts to explain the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in the development of depression and anxiety based on findings from various studies. Findings that neurogenesis ...

According to psychology, memory refers to the process of encoding, storing and retrieving information. Through encoding, information emanating from the outer world reaches our senses in chemical and physical stimuli forms. Firstly, the information is changed so that it undergoes encoding. It is then stored. The last stage involves the stored information retrieval. However, some attempts to retrieve information are effortless owing to the information type. There are three types of memory i.e. sensory memory, long-term memory and short-term memory.
In sensory memory, individuals retain sensory information impressions on the ceasing of the original stimulus. In an organism’ ...

Introduction

Children require a lot of attention from their caregivers during their early stages of development. The lack of suck attention leads to certain detrimental effects on the development of the child. Attachment disorder is among the disorders that children develop when they are brought up by individuals who do not care about them. According to Pearce, the formal diagnostic terms for attachment disorder as “Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Childhood (RAD)’ (31). However, this depends upon the diagnostic conventions in the child’s country of origin i.e. the country of the child’s birth. This paper explores different aspects ...

Introduction

The co-occurrence of substance abuse and mental disorders is a common and growing problem among Americans that should be given attention as it impairs the life of those affected. One of these is the co-occurrence of substance abuse disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. In this regard, this paper provides an overview of this co-occurring disease in terms of its criteria for diagnosis, its incidence, causes, treatment, and the considerations for assessment.

DSM-IV Criteria for Generalized Anxiety

“Generalized anxiety disorder is a chronic and impairing disorder, independent of its substantial comorbidity with other mental disorders” (Andrews et al., 2010, p. 134). According to DSM- IV (Andrews et ...

Anxiety disorder describes serious psychological problems characterized by excessive worry, anxiety and nervous thoughts or expectations. This condition comprises a variety of clinical conditions of phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder (Shear et al., 2007). All human beings have flight responses required to react when one senses danger. However when anxiety becomes excessive and uncontrollable leading to emotional distress and disruption in everyday activities we consider it to be an anxiety disorder. Recent studies have identified anxiety disorders as a significant mental illness among both adults and children. National institute of mental health (NIMH) claims that nearly 18% of ...

Introduction

The Computer Anxiety Scale, popularly known as SCALE is a psychological test. It is used by industrial and organizational psychologists to assess and measure the levels of anxiety as a result of using computers. The test can also be used to measure anxiety in people who do not interact directly with computers but spend a lot of time in computer environments. The test was designed and authored by E. R. Oetting. It was published in 1983 by the Rocky Mountain Institute of behavior Science. The publisher’s postal address is Box 1066, Fort Collins and the postal code is 80522. The publisher’ ...

Test Development, Part One

Test Development, Part One
Test Plan for Measuring Knowledge of validity and Reliability
Test format: multiple choice test
Test Length: 20 items (30 Minutes)

Test Universe: This test is designed to measure the knowledge the participant possesses in reliability and validity of testing.
KNOWLEDGE OF TERMS AND CONCEPTS
TYPES OF RELIABILITY
Test-retest method

Internal consistency method

Scorer reliability method

Subtotal: 15%
RELIABILITY COEFFICIENTS

Cohen’s kappa

Correlations in two test administrations

Standard error of measurement

Confidence interval

Subtotal: 25%
EVIDENCE OF VALIDITY
Test content

Response process

Internal structure

Relations to ...

Psychodynamic Theorists

In Psychology, the term psychodynamics refers to the study of forces which influence human behavior. The term, psychodynamics, owes alot to several aspects of the works and research carried out by Sigmund Freud. Freud argued that the mind is divided into two parts (the conscious and the unconscious). The conscious mind controlling the mental processes that we think of rationally while the unconscious mind holds memories, thoughts and feelings outside conscious awareness (Gelfand & Kerr, 1992).
This view led to a debate about whether an individual has control over behavior (freewill), or whether behavior is determined by forces which ...

Complete NANDA based Nursing care plan for a client with congestive heart failure due to Chronic Renal Failure:

Chronic renal failure is defined as a progressive failure in function of the kidney. The kidneys in this case attempt to reiterate for renal damage through excessive restraining of blood levels (hyperfiltration) in the remaining nephrons that are functional. This goes on to filter different units, which consist of a corresponding tubule and glomerulus). In the long term, hyperfiltration induces further functional loss. The three main symptoms of heart failure (congestive) include exercise intolerance. This is a situation where an individual is unable to cope up with exercise as well as mild physical exertion, which they were able to do previously. It ...

Alcohol Addiction

Alcohol depresses the central nervous system thus making an individual dependent on it to perform normally. It is considered to be amongst the easiest solutions towards redeeming oneself from stress and depression. Alcohol abuse is subject to a person’s lifestyle family history, social environment, and emotional health of the person. It is essential to realize that genetic connections are amongst the leading causes to distinct alcoholism. However, other factors such as stress and depression play a key role in the development of alcohol dependence. Although alcoholism and alcohol abuse has been rated the same, it is worth noting that alcoholism ...

It is recognized that whatever in unwanted is negative and so when stress becomes an extreme, unreasonable worry of daily circumstances, then it turns into a limiting problem. In this short article you will some of the points regarding stress disorder is being described.

When the severeness of the pressure reaches to inexorable extents, people get emotionally disrupted and be taken in by serious pressure disorder. Stress disorders have influenced almost one out of each and every two individuals in the world triggering them to be crammed with fear and concern. It is a situation in which individuals experience restless and ...

Introduction

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder also known as OCD is used to refer to a condition of compulsive actions and/or obsessive thoughts in a person that last for about a fortnight and are also associated with increased anxiety. The obsessive thoughts characteristic of OCD patients are in most cases distressing and take on forms such as images, ideas and urges (Measday 1). It is important to note that despite the distressful and unpleasant nature of the thoughts they are always considered as belonging to the patient. Psychologists point out that in initial stages of OCD, patients try to disown the obsessive thought; however this ...

The physical and mental effects of alcohol

Introduction
There are three main theories when it comes to the development of addiction. These are the disease/genetic theory, environmental and the academic theory. This is a research on the effect that alcohol has on the body and brain leading to addiction.

The physical and mental effects of psychoactive drugs

Alcohol like other psychoactive drugs affects the brain mostly. It interferes with the transmission of impulses in the brain and the central nervous system. Alcohol is able to penetrate the protective wall of the capillaries that surround the nerve cells of the central nervous system. The brain and the protective wall are fatty alcohol is fat soluble ...

Stress and Stress Management

Abstract
Stress has become a major era that is affecting our everyday life. This situation comes about normally when the body is rising to a challenge or facing some difficulties. In this paper we intend to look at the bad and good stress and analyze them critically. The paper also intends to look at the evolution of stress and how it has affected people since its discovery. This will help the readers to get a clear concept of what stress is, what causes it and how we can prevent and reduce the stress. The paper will also analyze on the various ...

Abstract

Anxiety in modern day has become an issue that seems apparently common among individuals. It has also been noted that there is an increasing tendency of some individuals and groups being / or feeling more prone to anxiety than others. While the topic has raised heated debate among psychiatrists and psychologists alike, there seems to be an inclination from various professionals towards specific areas of anxiety. Dealing with anxiety as a topic is an issue that causes one to be conscious of an individual’s feeling of anxiety. For this reason, it is paramount to take a closer look at prevailing ...

Worried-well patients

Introduction
‘Worried-well’ patients are those are anxious about their physical wellbeing and would be in health centers seeking medical advices or treatments for ailments that cannot be diagnosed. These patients are said to be suffering from hypochondriasis, which is described as a psychological condition of excessive worry about having a serious illness (Reilly & Markenson, 2011). The unbearable condition is attributed by an incorrect acuity of the human body’s condition despite the deficiency of a genuine medical condition. Worried-well patients can thus be categorized as hypochondriacs. They are distressed about any somatic signs they detect no matter their minority. Their conviction ...

Overcoming Anxiety

Anxiety is an everyday thing that almost everyone undergoes the difference only being in their severity. Anxiety, which mainly affects adults like me, can be loosely defined as a state of worrying over a particular thing, situation or event; a stressor. Anxiety is usually characterized by uneasiness, fear or worry. When these characteristics extend over time and intensity, the individual may suffer from anxiety disorder (Davison, 2008). While anxiety is considered a normal part of life; age, occupation and environmental factors are some of the predisposing factors to people suffering from anxiety and worse still, anxiety disorder. Adults are more prone to suffer ...

INTRODUCTION

Vaso vagal episode is also known as the vaso vagal response. In other terms it can also mean vaso vagal attack or even neurocardiogenic syncope. Basically it is a depression that occurs in the vagus nerve that would lead to a situation that is called syncope or can we call it fainting? For this reason it is also known as the vasovagal syncope. However, there are different types of the vasovagal syncope and are generally known by the name vasovagal syncope as the umbrella name. In these vaso vagal episodes, there common thing that ties them together is the central tenet ...

Abstract

Since ancient times, music has been used by humans in different ways, including therapeutically. Today, music is being used to reduce stress, enhance health, and distract the patient from bad symptoms. Despite the fact that different people prefer different music, music is known to cause a direct effect via autonomous nervous system. In addition music is known to cause an indirect effect through modifying caregiver.

Music has proven to be very effective in improving mood for both surgical and medical patient as well as patients undergoing particular procedures or those in intensive care unit and also aid in anxiety reduction. ...