Arthritis Research Papers Samples For Students

Arthritis

Definition
Arthritis is the inflammation of one or more joints in a human being (Breedveld, & Combe, 2011). This results with the stiffness of the joints and constant pain. The condition is known to worsen with the age of the individual. There are two most common types of arthritis and these are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis is caused by the wear and tear of the joint of the individuals on a normal scenario. Rheumatoid arthritis on the other hand is an autoimmune disorder. There are also various types of arthritis and these include those caused by uric acid crystals, ...

Coping with depression connected to rheumatoid arthritis

What is depression?
Depression is essentially feeling ‘down’. It is a severe mood state that may affect the general state of mind. This usually comes about as a result of encountering a stressful condition or failing to meet one’s expectations in life as expected of them by the society or just at an individual level. Chronic lifestyle illnesses have been largely associated with such cases of anxiety and depression and so patients with rheumatic arthritis have been faced with the same condition. The nature of the disease incapacitates the patients and makes them fully dependant on others. This can be ...

LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

INTRODUCTION
SLE and Multiple Sclerosis both being autoimmune conditions, still show lot of diversities in their clinical manifestations. SLE is now also termed as Connective Tissue Disease to avoid confusion with other related diseases. Whereas Multiple Sclerosis is more of an inflammatory disease affecting the Central Nervous System.
*Prevalence of SLE : 30 in 100000 in Caucasians to 200/100000 in Afro-Carribeans
*Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis: 120 in 100000 (in UK)
*Gender Distribution : Both the diseases are commoner in women than in men

ETIOLOGY OF THE DISEASES

Predisposing factors of SLE:
- Genetic predisposition
- Cigarette smoking
...

- Situation Acceptance
Injuries and accidents among the old have been increasing in the current decade (Curie, 2008). The main cause has been associated with dementia and arthritis which leads to weakening of old people’s joint.
- Arthritis
The question on whether arthritis is a big menace to old people has been ringing minds of technologists and scientist because they have been thinking of how they can improve lives of old people especially when they climb staircases. Arthritis is a dangerous disease that has affected lives of many old people in almost all parts of the world ( ...

Paracetamol is the most widely used over the counter pain reliever (analgesic) and fever reducer (antipyretic) in the world. It is considered a mild pain killers and most use it as a pain reliever for headaches and other relatively mild pains. I have personally used paracetamol in various instances of headaches and a fever and have experience with the drug. I only use it to treat the mentioned conditions.

In the ancient medieval are, antipyretic agents were sourced from the barks of trees in the white willow. In the 1880s, the cinchona tree that was also a source of antipyretics, and around that ...

INTRODUCTION

In the modern era there are a plethora of diseases, conditions and disorders that can affect individual’s health, well-being and quality of life for people all across the world. Whether it is from cancer to infections or from diabetes to HIV there is always the possibility of contracting or developing disease. However, not all diseases are contracted or developed due to an external influence, there are some that originate from the inside; such conditions are generally referred to as an autoimmune disease. This means that the problem involves an individual’s own immune system, perceives their own body ...

Introduction

This research paper compares and contrasts the views of professionals with respect to fibromyalgia; whether it is of psychological or physical nature / origin. Having conducted the following research and studied the views of others, especially those who we would all hope should know – the medical professionals, the view of this researcher is that fibromyalgia is more psychological in nature, even though that opinion is changed considerably from the view that was almost universally held in less enlightened times, when referring to a condition as having psychological causes was interpreted as implying the person was suffering from a mental illness, which ...

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), otherwise known as lupus, is an autoimmune disease caused by varying and often unknown sources. There are different types of lupus, with SLE being the most common. Other types include lupus nephritis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, drug-induced lupus, and neonatal lupus. SLE can affect different organ systems including the skin, kidneys, liver, blood cells and brain. There is no direct known cause for this disease, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of factors such as certain medications, hormones, genetics and the environment. There are currently few treatments available for this disease and ...

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Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a muscular disorder characterized by pain, sleep disturbance, and fatigue. In case of pain, certain “tender points” can develop in the body, which are highly sensitive to any kind of pressure. This disorder is most commonly found in women as compared to men. Patients of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune disorders have more chances of developing the disorder. It is often difficult to diagnose as the symptoms are vague and generalized. Although, exact cause of the disorder is not clear, increased sensitivity to the signaling of central nervous system, genetic factors, and psychiatric aspects ...

Introduction

Rheumatic fever (RF), or acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is an autoimmune complication caused by the human-specific bacterial pathogen group A (B-hemolytic) streptococcus (GAS), Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pyogenes is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium that is coccoid or spherical in shape and usually occurs in pairs or chains. It produces hemolysin that forms a clear zone around the colonies when grown on blood agar. It has been designated as part of group A via Lancefield serotyping because it displays the carbohydrate antigen A on its cell wall. It is non acid-fast, non-spore forming, and may or may not have capsules. It has generally ...

Alternative medicine is the term given for medicinal products or services that are not a part of a standard medical care. It means nonstandard treatments that can be used along with the standard treatment. Some examples of alternative medicine are herbal medicines, acupuncture, chiropractic medicine, energy therapies, magnetic field therapy, hypnosis, Reiki, Ayurveda, Chinese Medicine, Traditional Medicine, and healing touch therapies (National Institute of Health, n.d.). These have been around for many years, but in literature, there is a support as well as controversy surrounding it. In some cases, there has been considerable research done while in some other cases, there has ...

Osteoarthritis is a common disease affecting many across the world, especially, the elderly (65 years and above).It is usually caused by the wearing out of the cartilage located on the bone ends (Hochberg et al., 2012). The disease is usually associated with mild symptoms in its benign stages and with time, progress to severe levels which are characterized by debilitating symptoms such as pain within the affected joints, stiffness, tenderness, grating sensation and bone spurs (Loeser et al., 2012).
Osteoarthritis has got no cure but symptoms can be managed through lifestyle modification and use of pharmacological approaches (Berenbaum, ...

UniversityRheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease more common in women than men. It is an inflammatory disorder of the joints especially in the hands and legs which becomes chronic over time. The joints become tender and cause inflammation that could lead to serious disability which might also lead to death in some cases (Aletaha et al, 2010).

Etiology of Rheumatoid arthritis

The etiology of the disease has not been clearly understood so far. RA condition manifests itself when the components of the autoimmune system losses control and attack specific tissues in the body as they fail to distinguish between the tissues in ...

DIATHERMY

Introduction
In this paper we will discuss about a treatment method for the patients of knee pain and other osteological disabilities. We will look into the basic principle on which it works, the diseases or pains that can be treated with the help of this particular therapy and the scopes of the procedure in the long run. We will also take a look into the literary works performed by various researchers in this regard. Many research workers have performed different researches to ascertain the effectiveness of the treatment procedure. We will analyze the success and applicability of this method ...

INTRODUCTION

Soft drink is also popularly known as soda, soda pop and pop. They are usually non-alcoholic but contain carbonated gases. Regular soft drinks contain fructose and diet soft drinks contain aspartame instead of fructose. Aspartame is 160 times sweeter than sugar. Fructose has been associated with high visceral fat accumulation in mice, which ultimately results in obesity. Obesity does not just mean being overweight, but also means the person is at risk of hypertension, heart problems, high blood pressure, fatty liver syndrome and is at risk of developing diabetes. Studies show soda drinks corrode the calcium out of the ...

A Good Man is Hard to Find

Among American writers of the twentieth century, Flannery O’Connor holds a special place and has solid reputation as a representative of the unique American fiction subgenre – southern gothic. Despite being rather short, most of her stories convey important moral, cultural and philosophical messages while her peculiar techniques and choices reflect her own background.
Indeed, Flannery O’Connor is among the writers whose literary legacy is closely intertwined with her biography, her family background, beliefs, experiences and challenges she was burdened with in the course of her rather brief life. The complex set of environmental factors which shaped her ...

Fitness is a term with many definitions all of which are interrelating. One of the definitions I that it is the state of being well, with the ability to take part in physical exercises and have low risk of problems relating to health. Another definition is the characteristics people get or achieve and are in relation to taking part in physical activities. Fitness is important for human health as it increases body’s efficiency as well as effectiveness and it is through enough rest, good exercise and proper nutrition which result to quality life.
Physical fitness through exercises improves ...

Healthy eating and proper nutrition are tasks becoming more and more difficult in Western culture’s fast-food based environment. Obesity in the American public is a growing issue that over the last two decades have turned into nothing short of a global epidemic. Research nutritionists agree that the root cause of American obesity is caused by over consumption of sugar, fat and salt. Sugar and its counterparts of high fructose syrup and corn syrup are the worst perpetrators of this issue and the root causes of the obesity epidemic. Globalization of economies has led to a reduction in the diversity of foods ...

Crohn’s disease overview

Crohn’s disease (also called ileitis or enteritis) is a chronic, relapsing–remitting, non-infectious form of bowel disorder that mainly causes inflammation of the digestive tract, and is the general term for diseases that cause swelling in the intestines.
This term has replaced older terms that include regional or terminal ileitis and granulomatous colitis; it doesn’t just imply any cause, site, or pathological response. The terminal ileum and the right colon are two sites that are most vulnerable, a close to this pathological disability can negatively influence multiple parts of the body, but this negative effect is connected with ...

Affiliated University

Families come in different forms in modern times. The conventional definition of a family has evolved from the conventional relation by blood to accommodate diverse relationships. Such relationships include blended families, single parent families, and even same gender families. Some people also consider exchange students and even friends who move in with them as part of the family. All these diverse relationships mean that every family faces a unique set of challenges. However, community nursing provides an advantage to the health worker who faces those diverse challenges.
The family in question was a single parent family. The family only ...

Osteomyelitis is a serious bone infection, occurring rarely, that metastasizes to the bone through the bloodstream. Additionally, surgery or open fracture can also cause the bone infection. Normally, bones do have enough resistance power to evade the infection, but the introduction of microorganisms hematogenously from surrounding structures or direct immunization concerning a surgery can trigger the disease. The persistence of infection for a long time span is referred to as chronic osteomyelitis.
Studies over the years have put forward some important factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. These include immunity level of the host, type and location of ...

Introduction

Mary Flannery O’Conner was an American fiction writer, novelist, and famous essayist born on 25 March 1925 in Georgia, USA and was the only child of Edward F. O’Connor and Regina Cline (Desmond, pp. 97-111). With her abilities and skills to write well and impressive, she proved herself as an amazing religious believer whose body of fiction stories presented her souls’ struggle towards religious knowledge. The 20th century witnesses her as the best storywriter for short stories who would mainly focus upon themes of religion and the life of Southern. A range of reviews and commentaries with ...

The musculoskeletal system is responsible for all body movements. The skeletal component of the muscular system provides a structural framework for the body, which protects the internal organs and provides the shape for the body. It acts as the storage for calcium and phosphorus and plays a part in mineral homeostasis(Davidson, 2002)

Functions of the skeletal system(Haywood, 2008)

The role of the skeletal system can be classified into five categories: protection, structural support, movement, mineral and chemical storage and blood cell production.
- Protection: The strong material that makes up bones protect the internal tissues and organs of the body like the brain, ears, eyes, spine, ...

Retirement

Elizabeth knows that she has had a retirement like the one she dreamed of, but much of that is due to the careful planning and saving that she and her husband did while they were working. Instead of living beyond their means, or up to their means, they put money away throughout their working years, no matter how difficult it seemed at the time. Instead, by living a lifestyle that also enabled them to save money for their retirement has made their golden years much more enjoyable. Now, they see some of their friends that made very different decisions years ago ...

Flannery O`Connor is one of the America`s greatest writers who was honored and at some point feared by other people. Being a very strong believer of Roman Catholic, she stood strong and protected that spiritual family in whatever it came. She was a devout believer whose writing skills helped in presenting what was majorly known as soul`s struggle in which she termed as the “The stinking shadow of Jesus.” This powerful writer who has shaken the world in her power of writing was born in March 25th 1925, her mother is Regina Cline and the father is Edward O`Connor. ...

The contribution of African Americans in the medical industry dates back to a very recent past. This was greatly contributed by the fact that most slaves from Africa did not have a chance to receive formal education and the laws that were set aside contributed to their low literacy levels. Their limited education shut their efforts down and the jobs they were supposed to engage in were limited by their low education. This is why they did not contribute much to the society of medicine in the past.
Even with the lesser chances to having a formal education, they never lost ...

Introduction

Nutritional needs changes throughout a person’s life that if not properly assessed may lead to malnutrition. Malnutrition is the state of the body lacking important nutrients or having excess or imbalance of energy. According to studies, 16% of people over 65 years and 2% of people over 85 years are malnourished. Studies also show that approximately two-thirds of people occupying hospital beds are above the age of 65 years (Ahmed & Haboubi, 2010). Malnutrition is associated with a number of health outcomes such as poor wound healing, slow recovery from surgery, higher hospital readmissions, and deaths. Malnutrition is high ...

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Heart is one of the most important part of the body. It performs many vital functions that are essential for life. Without the functioning of heart there is no life. Heart is also considered as the pumping organ of the body. The main function of heart is to pump the blood throughout the body ("The Heart (Human Anatomy): Picture, Definition, Location In The Body, And Heart Problems"). Inside the body blood is considered as the most important mean of transport of oxygen ...

Abstract

The health issues affecting older people have over the years faced constant ignorance in the society. It has become essential to include the elderly patients in the national policy issue because of their increased numbers in the population. The primary objective of such a move is to provide better health care and high quality of life for older adults and their respective families. Health care systems, health care providers, policy makers and health care organizations have to dedicate their efforts on sensitization of acute and chronic medical issues affecting older and improvising measures that can help protect the elderly ...

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Introduction:

Occupational therapy is for mentally, physically or cognitively disordered people whose daily living is assessed in order to improve their lifestyles and ease of living. Chronic pains are responsible for the derailment of several individuals and families because the affected person becomes disabled to carry out his or her own tasks and hence the dependability wastes time and money of the caregivers. The real problem in the case of chronic pains is that the affected people lose control over their activities but through occupational therapy, this control can be increased or even restored (AOTA, 2016). However, occupational ...

Introduction

The research is typically based on the research questions. Punch (1998) identifies the main reasons for setting a research question. The research questions help to organize and direct a study, and keep the researcher focused; they set the boundaries and framework for the project, and designate the data necessary for the project.
The research has to provide the reliable results and conclusions, irrespective of the area. Therefore, scientific and social research have to be based on the real-life data and the appropriate data processing methods. The data should be obtained using the procedure of statistical sampling and tested for ...

You will not get wrinkles if you regularly do yoga exercises. This statement or useful advice you may have heard from many yogis or your yoga instructor. In fact, this statement is true as yoga increases the stretching ability of your muscles and your body becomes more elastic and beautiful, as well. Yoga is the only exercise that not only shapes up your body, but also cures many diseases.
In yoga, you will find many “asana or yoga poses” that stimulate our internal organs,and they perform their function in much better way. Like “tritone asana” that stimulate ...

Immunology Disorders

The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from various parasites, bacteria, virus etc. that try to destabilize the homeostasis. Naturally, the immune system is considered one of the most important mechanisms that help us recuperate from diseases. When the immune system malfunctions and starts destroying self-cells, it leads to certain disorders. In other circumstances, the immune system may be suppressed and fail to kill disease causing cells. Here we will discuss a few disorders of the immune system.

HYPERSENSITIVITY TYPE I

Allergy or hypersensitivity type I is also known as allergic reaction or intolerance, in this scenario the immune system creates a ...

In summer 2014, New York became the 23d state to legalize medical usage of marijuana. The State Assembly issued the Compassionate Care Act on June, the 20th. This research paper addresses pros and cons of legalization of marijuana for medical purposes in New York City not touching the controversial issue of legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes.
Marijuana has been used for medical purposes for ages. Medical marijuana refers to the extraction from the plants named Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica (Whitehall, 2014.). Those plants contain over sixty various chemicals, including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the primary psychoactive ingredient) and ...

Cinnamon as a food substance is a spice that is obtained from the wild trees that belong from the Cinnamomum, which is found in the Caribbean regions, South Asia and South China. Over the recent years, there has been the emergence of two main types of cinnamon. Firstly, there has been the Cinnamomum aromaticum that is common in the Southern China and the surrounding parts and Cinnamomum Verum which is common in the Western parts of Europe. It is worth to record and note that cinnamon has been in existence and has been consumed for the last two thousand years. A ...

Introduction

Neutrophils are produced from hematopoietic cells. Before these hematopoietic cells mature into fully functional neutrophils and enter the blood stream, they migrate through three cellular compartments, namely, the mitotic compartment, post-mitotic compartment and the storage compartment. Neutropenia is a condition characterized by decrease in the neutrophil count. Neutrophils are essential for fighting infections in the body. Common causes of neutropenia are chemotherapy, autoimmune disorders, drug reactions and genetic reasons. Absolute blood neutrophil count (ANC) in mild neutropenia is between 1.0 and 1.5 109/L. In severe neutropenia, the ANC is less than 0.5 109/L. Neutropenia can either be inherited or acquired. ( ...

INTRODUCTION

Fast food is the term given to food, which is prepared and served quickly. This trend first popularized in the 1950s in United States. Any meal, which takes less time for preparation and sold in restaurants or chain outlets, is referred to as fast food. They are packed and catered to consumers in carton boxes and plastic containers, which are comfortable for take-away orders.
Obesity can be explained as a medical state in which, fat accumulates in the body to an extent that it may have adverse effects on health and leads to reduced life expectancy. It can be ...

Introduction

The term migraine refers to a chronic neurological disorder characterized by persistent moderate to severe headaches that are usually linked to various autonomic nervous system symptoms. A typical case of migraine presents itself as a pulsating headache that affects only one side of the head for a period of two to seventy two hours. Within this period, the patient displays symptoms such as photophobia, vomiting, nausea and phonophobia. There are four documented sequential phases of a migraine i.e. the prodrome phase (1), aura phase (2), headache/ pain phase (3) and prodrome phase (4).
Analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are normally administered ...

Medical experts claim that obesity-related deaths are preventable and curable. According to the Institute of Medicine, statistics show that "nearly 69% of adults in the United States and 32% of children are either overweight or obese" (Gaines, 2012, p. 178). The alarming truth coincides with the fact that cCurrently, only the state of Colorado has an "obesity rate of less than 20%, 12 states have an obesity rate greater than 30%, and 38 states have an obesity rate greater than 25%" (Gaines, 2012, p.178). Moreover, despite the country's push to decrease the obesity rate in each state to only ...

Outline
Thesis: Conversably, chocolate is good for human health as it improves cardiovascular healthiness,
heart functioning, prevents cancer, as well as brain stimulant.

Arguably, human health is the most important issues in the globe today. Therefore, people in the world would like to know entirely everything that can be good for their health. In this case, chocolate is very good for human health. Chocolate is a substance prepared from the seeds originated from a plant known as cacao. Several products of chocolate are accessible on various markets. Undeniably, the products range from cocoa, which is powdered to white chocolate. ...

Introduction

As people grow older there are certain biological and cognitive changes that take place in the body. The human body experiences decreased capabilities in its respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, neural and urinary functions. Due to the adverse challenges that the elderly face in their later life, it would be great for the various scientists and experts to come together and research more on the theories of aging or the causes of aging. They can come up with more treatments that will increase the immunity system of the old people. This way the older people are able to live their last ...

Introduction

Good nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining good health as well as in the prevention and management of various diseases. In order to maintain healthy organs and strong bones, and to produce hormones necessary for the proper functioning of organs, the body needs carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fats. In consequence of dietary changes, both first world and third world countries are increasingly being affected by chronic diseases. In reality, diet-related chronic ailments such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and arthritis are the most common cause of death in the world today[ CITATION Pec03 \l 1033 ]. In this paper, ...