Cloning Research Papers Samples For Students

In 1997, the public have been shocked about the announcement of the successful mammal cloning. Dolly, the sheep, is the first to be cloned by Ian Wilmut and his co-workers by the process of transferring nuclear genome (Brock 1). There are issues that arise from the public about the morality and ethics of the research method and objective. They are afraid of what should the next thing that could happen after this technological advancement. On the other side, the scientific world have been fascinated and rejoiced about the announcement of Wilmut. There are many scientists that are excited of ...

With the development of modern technologies, the humanity faced a new challenge: how to make life better without destroying the core values of the society? Some inventions and innovations bring undisputable benefits for the world community, however, some require careful investigation and worldwide debates. Human cloning, or reproductive cloning, is one of such arguable topics. Although no human being has been cloned so far, the scientific potential is approaching this goal by quick steps. The humanity will have to make a difficult choice: either to approve, or reject human cloning as such. The essay will argue that human cloning should be ...

Cloning could be the answer to the pain and suffering of many people around the globe. Human cloning is the asexual reproduction or replication of a human being at any stage of development. It can also be defined as the formation of an identical genetic copy of a human being. Cloning itself is not new as it dates back to the 1970s, where frogs and toads were experimented on. It is principally divided into two types, that is, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning is whereby there is a creation of a child, whereas therapeutic cloning is the creation of stem cells ...

Science has advanced so much that scientists are now bring extinct animals back to life- they call it de-extinction . De-extinction is done by two methods- cloning and selective breeding. Cloning is a process in which the DNA of an organism that is desired to be cloned is taken out and infused in the cell of another existing organism belonging to the same class. When fertilization takes place in the existing organism, it is able to produce an off-spring that looks exactly like the organism which was desired to be cloned. Selective breeding is the method in which DNA from teeth ...

Cloning has been a subject of great speculation for decades now, with the major breakthrough coming in 1997 after scientist successfully cloned the first mammal, the Dolly sheep. It refers to the process used in the creation of an exact genetic copy of a cell, organism or tissue of an organism. The material, which is genetically a copy of the original cell or tissue, is called a clone. The types of cloning are divided into three; 1) gene cloning in which copies of genes of cell or its DNA are made; 2) reproductive cloning in which a copy of a whole organism is made, and ...

The advancement of technology has precipitated a revolution in scientific understanding over the last several decades. Advancements in research tools has led to new insights into every facet of scientific discovery within the realms of chemistry, physics, and biology and all the sub-disciplines forming their constitution. Increased discovery has brought with it opportunities for cross discipline cooperation which has resulted in the formation of new disciplines and has galvanized scientists to press the boundaries of research and application as has never been seen in human history. One such field testing those limits is genetics. Today’s geneticists have expanded beyond ...

Amro Abd-Al-Fattah Amara, ‘Pharmaceutical and industrial protein engineering: Where are we?’ Pakistan, Journal of pharmaceuticals, 26.1, (2013): 217-232. Print.
The huge information amount and the considerable number of scientists and their endeavors, funds, laboratories, human capacity, and companies together with other factors contribute in the success of the incredible novel branch of genetic engineering known as protein engineering. This entails modification of protein functions/structure or protein construction from scratch. The engineered proteins normally have novel criteria. Engineering proteins can be mediated on the protein or genes level. Protein engineering has found its way in various crucial sectors, ...

Science furthering the lifespan of the human race has been at the core of scientific research since the dawn of time, organ donor-ship, organ transplants, advances in medical technology, like in vitro fertilisation and cloning, what seemed like science fiction to people of the past are now commonplace, everyday affairs for those living today.
Yesterday’s science fiction becomes tomorrow’s science fact. What if we could genetically alter babies to be immune to all diseases, what if we could breed them to be super intelligient, physically strong or talented?
What if people could choose the traits of ...

Cloning

1.0 Historical Background
During mammalian reproduction, the sperm fuses with the egg. During this process, both the egg and the sperm contribute half of the genetic material resulting into a genetically unique individual. On the other hand, cloning involves the development of an organism or cell that has identical genetic materials to the parent. Thus cloning can be defined as producing a copy of DNA, cell or organism asexually. This definition is not a clear reflection of what people considers cloning to be thus raising perennial and heated debate on the ethics and morals of cloning. However, it worth noting that ...

Cloning and the issues associated with it, like the advantages and disadvantages as well as the ethical and scientific validity of human cloning has been one of the most discussed topics of the last millennia. It is still haunting both who are with the cloning and who are against it. But before choosing your side, check out the curious acts about cloning.

The word ‘cloning’ means copying any organism to the exact genotypic and phenotypic form of it, having the exact characteristic features of the parent organism. The world took notice of this process after the successful creation of a ...

Cloning has been a particularly intriguing experiment over the years, involving acutely essential milestones and crucial researches. Many hypotheses have been generated; some accepted and others refuted. On 5 July 1996, a domestic ewe, Dolly was born by lan Wilmut and his colleagues. Dolly was the first animal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell (McLaren, 1775). Initially, people, inclusive of scientist, did not believe that somatic cell from an adult individual, could be used to generate a new individual through cloning. However, with the emergence of Dolly, the ideology was disapproved, and, it was with clear conscious that genes could ...

Introduction

The cloning is one of the contemporary controversial topics. The development in this area has been made through the history and there are various positive and also negative effects connected with it. Public opinion is not crystallized on the cloning topic where some are in favor and others against. The paper will provide information that cloning can have both negative and positive impacts, and that the knowledge in the public about the issue is insufficient which results in negative attitudes towards it. The thesis of the paper is that despite its therapeutic uses, cloning for the purpose of reproduction ...

The science of human cloning is one of the most fascinating entities of the 21st-century biology. The announcement of a cloned sheep ignited an international debate in the late 1990s; two and half decades later, the debate is still very much alive (Li 1-2). The researchers at the Roslin Institute, Scotland, announced that they had fruitfully cloned an adult mammal (Caplan 1-3). The procedure used in cloning is called somatic cell nuclear transfer. It involves the transfer of the genetic code from the cell of an adult organism into an enucleated organism egg. Over the years, the science of ...

Science has permeated several aspects of people’s lives. Every little thing uses one scientific principle or the other. Therefore, science does not exist in a vacuum. This paper focuses on Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology as one area of science. Apart from exploring how DNA got discovered and how this technology can be applied in the real world, the paper also focuses on the influence philosophy has had on the contextual development of DNA technology. It will be worth noting that DNA technology is quickly taking center stage in various aspects of our lives. As with other modern advances, DNA ...

Introduction

The debate on the legality of using animals in research has continued to rage for many years now. A section of animal rights campaigners have argued that the use of animals in scholarly research contravenes the natural laws that guarantee the protection of the rights of animals. On the other hand, it is clear that the use of animals in research has yielded several positives that have seen the improvement of the lives of both people and animals in the world today. In this context, the current paper holds that the use of animals in research should be viewed ...

Abstract

Stem cells research and particularly stem cell research is an area that has continually stirred up moral, spiritual and cultural dilemmas. Several arguments have been advanced both for and against stem cell research even as advances that are being made in the field of stem cell research continually evolve making it closer to becoming a widely practiced scientific application. Stem cells are widely studied because of their inherent ability to be renewed and regenerated in addition to their ability to adapt to different environments. Some of the benefits of stem cell research are: stem cells can be used in the ...

Stem cell research has been termed by several health practitioners and scholars as one of the greatest milestones in medical research. Stem cells can be defined as any cells that have the ability to divide and thus can be specialized into any of the different kinds of cells found in the body . Such specialization and growth of cells into any of the functional cells implies that physicians can use the technology to cure many cell-related diseases. For instance, stem cells can be used to replace damaged cells due to cancer. Other diseases may lead to the damaging and degradation ...

(Study Programme)

Abstract

Virtual machines technology is the latest technology for resource allocation in any company’s computing environment. One major benefit of virtual machine environments is the capabilities to support different operating systems on a physical computing system’s hardware and gracefully accommodate system upgrades and migrations depending on the company needs. With optimum allocation of computing resources in a computing environment, there is the need for companies to implement virtual machine technology in their computing systems. This paper explores the benefits and challenges of virtual machine technology implementation in an enterprise including the services offered by such implementation. It also ...

(Author)

Use of Restriction Enzymes in Pharmaceuticals
Restriction enzyme, which is also referred to as restriction endonuclease, is a class of enzyme that is helpful in cutting DNA at restriction sites. Restriction sites are particular recognition nucleotide sequences on double stranded DNA having the length of 4-5 base pairs. Restriction enzymes are also known deoxyribonucleases (DNases). Presently, there are four different types of restriction enzymes:
- Type I enzymes that are “classical” in nature, e.g. EcoKI, EcoBI, and EcoR124;
- Type II enzymes that are “orthodox” in nature, e.g. EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRV;
- Type III enzymes ...

Part 1 Video Critique

The video chosen for the critique is a video showing the discovery of wooly mammoth carcass in Siberia by scientists (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GQKWQ1t9r0). The wooly mammoth was a big, shaggy and tusked elephant like animal that lived in the ice age period. The animal belongs to the mammoth species which is the common name for the elephant genus Mammuthus which is now extinct. A catastrophic weather event, climate change, disease and human activities may have wiped out these huge shaggy beasts. They lived in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America during the ice age period. The last mammoths may have lived around 1700 ...

Ethics of Stem Cell Research

Stem cells are central to newly developed therapies for curing degenerative diseases in humans. This is attributed to a very attractive feature of stem cells: their ability to produce a wide variety of other types of cells. Starting from stem cells, it is possible therefore to produce blood, brain, liver, muscle or essentially any type of specialized cell in a process called differentiation. Accordingly, with these therapies is now possible to aspire to find solutions to conditions that require organ or tissue replacement with a reduced rejection probability or even immune response (Juengst E). Patients with conditions like cirrhosis, muscle paralysis, corneal deterioration, ...

Introduction

Throughout history, eugenics has been enshrouded in controversy. As an applied science that started out as a biosocial movement, eugenics advocates for the improvement of the genetic composition of the human population, though the concept can also be applied to other populations. As a social philosophy, eugenics advocates for the improvement of the human hereditary characteristics by promoting higher procreation of more desired traits and people and reducing the procreation of people with less desired traits. Eugenics gained its greatest popularity in early 20th century. However, it was still being practiced in the late decades of the 19th century. In the ...

Abstract:

Medicine and science had always maintained a steady flow of debates by the beginning of the 20th century with the ongoing increase of diseases, and virus mutations keeping up with the modern technology. Medicines had to be updated regularly to ensure that mutations would not influence a person’s sickness and overall health. It is common to see various medical procedures claiming that they can cure a disease or complication without the need to pay medicines regularly. One of these offerings is known as stem cell treatment, which uses stem cells to repair damage tissues or cure diseases. While the preliminary studies ...

Identity Theft

(Name of author)

Introduction

Identity theft is a type of scam where malicious attackers steal financial and personal information of their victims, assuming their identity and using it to hide from law enforcement and perform illegal financial activities. Identity theft was the most reported crime by consumers to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). In 2014, over 12 million cases of identity theft cases were reported in the United Sates, costing the victims over $16 billion . Although this was a decrease from the previous year and issues of identity theft have been on declining since then, citizens are still advised to ...

Abstract

The current antiretroviral drugs have been efficient in the management of HIV by suppressing the virus's replication. It has, therefore, helped in changing this virus from a deathly disease to a chronic infection. The utilization of extremely active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) calls for a lifetime prescription to prevent viral rebound by reducing the viral load to undetectable low levels. This high maintenance of treatment and the various side effects of the drugs and non-HIV related morbidity have led to the need for a better form of therapy. There has been an extensive study on stem cell manipulation done to develop gene therapy ...

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, first published in 1818, has come to have a profound effect on literature, on science and on popular culture. Shelley’s story of an over-ambitious scientist who dreams of discovering the secret of creating life and does so, but with disastrous and fatal consequences is, we might say, well-known, but little-read. Zwinkler (24) writes with wry amusement about an informal survey he conducted among his own sophomores: most of them knew the novel from hearsay and thought that ‘Frankenstein’ was the name of the monster! The students’ visual image of the monster was based on Boris ...

Introduction

I remain fascinated with the idea of when the first recorded law of capital punishment exists in history and why some Western countries still impose this legal answer to the evil people do unto one another in the 21st century. This academic investigation provides an excellent opportunity for pursuing and answering my inquiry of the first recorded historical documentation of capital punishment as a legal finding for a person found guilty of a crime and exploring the arguments why, in particular the United States – a great Western democracy continues imposing this form of punishment in some of the 50 states.

Source

Randa-King authors and ...

Introduction

Computer forensics describes that part of forensic science that is involved in providing legal evidence obtained from computers and other digital storage devices. It helps in the thorough examination of digital devices in order to determine, preserve, recover and present actual information. The main procedures applied in this field require principles of recovering data in digital media where investigation is carried out to curb crimes that emerge or are conducted in computers. Over the years the use of computers has extensively enhanced the development of computer crimes hackers have engaged in activities that deprive companies and individuals off their ...

Persuasion is an important goal of public discourse and it can be achieved in many ways. However, since ancient times, politicians, salesmen, and public figures, often resort to invalid argument or fallacies to persuade people to accept that what they express is true. This can be made intentionally or not, but the arguments made this way are wrong nonetheless. This work analyzes three arguments taken from different internet sources, to spot fallacies committed identifying the premises used and the conclusions they arrive to. This way, one can find out what the argument is trying to prove and why its ...

References: (p 338-358)

Summary: Henrietta Lacks, known by scientists as Hela was a poor southern tobacco farmer. The cells from this farmer were taken without her knowledge and became the most essential tool in medicine. These were the first ‘immortal’ cells known in mankind and are still alive today though Henrietta has been dead for more than 60 years. These cells have been very important in developing vaccine for polio and have also led to fertilization, cloning and gene mapping which have been bought and sold by billions. All this happens while Henrietta is buried in an unmarked grave her family did not ...

Besides the benefits from the research in stem cells, the research has proven to be one of the most controversial issues in the modern world. The prime concern is deciding whether its continuity is right or wrong. Many are arguing the issue of morality which involves the use of human embryos, genetic engineering, cloning and the biological impacts resulting from the research. It has spanned a strong debate in regard to its credibility in regard to ethical concerns primarily about creation, destruction and also the use of embryos. It does not stop there because of other issues raised about the species ...