Complication Research Papers Samples For Students

General information on the disease

Alzheimer's disease causes progressive cognitive degradation and it mainly occurs during the old and middle ages. According to the Alzheimer's Association (2013), it is the most common cause of dementia and it has adverse memory impairment results on the affected individuals. It is an irreversible brain disorder that gradually destroys thinking and memory skills, making it difficult for the affected to carry out simple tasks. This disease is currently ranked sixth among the top leading causes of death in the United States among old people after heart diseases and cancer. By 2012, more than five million in the US ...

Introduction

Lung cancer is a deadly form tumor that advances in the chest cavity. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths among both men and women in the United States. Due to the severity of respiratory complications posed by this medical complication, early diagnosis and treatment is essential. The discussion below is aimed to create enlightenment on the development and treatment of cancer. It also focuses on the current researches about this complication and outlines some of the proposed treatment approaches. For a fact, early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer is essential since lack thereof results in death.

Symptoms

...

Introduction

Color blindness, or commonly referred to as color deficiency occurs when someone is unable to distinguish between colors in a normal way. Precisely, one can see but cannot tell the difference between primary colors, red green and blue. The eye structure is composed of cones and rods. The latter perceives the light of high intensity while the former perceives low light levels. There are three types of cones that perceive the abovementioned primary colors. When one of the cone receptors is nonfunctional, detects an inappropriate color or is nonfunctional, the brain cannot determine the correct input from the eye ...

Abstract

Child birth complications are of various types and range from one woman to another. Childbirth complications include severe bleeding, kidney failure, stroke and heart attack. In most cases, these complications are experienced either during or soon after child birth. All women are deemed to be at a risk of experiencing child birth complications. Nonetheless, minority, black, and older women are deemed to have more exposure to child birth complications. Additionally, women who have various health conditions such as heart diseases are more likely to experience childbirth complications. As such, women who have medical conditions are normally advised to visit their ...

Introduction

Diabetes impacts the body’s capacity to secrete or utilize insulin, a hormone that regulates the level of sugars in the blood. Possible complications that occur due to diabetes include heart attack, cardiovascular disease, and kidneys failure. This research paper analyzes how diabetes impacts the human body.

Circulatory system

Diabetes contributes to the disposition of fats in the blood vessels over time. The fat deposits may inhibit blood circulation and result in hardening the blood vessels, a condition known as atherosclerosis. Baoge and Tao (2015) assert that atherosclerosis is a vital pathologic cause of cardiovascular disease. Also, inhibited blood circulation may ...

Abstract

Continuous exposure to a wide spectrum of natural light has constructive impacts to not only one’s health but also their moods. The production of hormones such as serotonin and melatonin based on the intensity of light has a large impact on the distribution of an individual’s emotions. This study seeks to validate the role of sunlight in the distribution of a person’s mood and whether a lack thereof has a negative impact on their emotional balance. The paper utilizes similar researches conducted on this issue to establish an argument about the constructive impacts of sunlight on ...

Crohn's Disease (CD): A Historical Background

Crohn’s disease is a persistent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may impact any part of the gastrointestinal path, however, normally impacts the ileum (Yamada, 2009). It usually occurs to individuals of age 21 or under (Wilson et al., 2010). The CD may affect the quality of life (Baumgart & Sandborn, 2007; Morrison et al., 2009). It may need surgery (Pihl-Lesnovska et al., 2010).
There is a steady global rise in the occurrence of Crohn’s Disease and it represents an increased hospitalization (Gibson, 2009; Morrison et al., 2009; Wilson et al., 2010). In 2009, the CD cases in Australia were ...

Abstract

There is an ever increasing number of hernia repair surgeries required likely due to decreasing levels of physical activity amongst young adults and concurrent muscle wastage in the abdomen. Time off from work, staffing issues at hospitals, and cost of hospital bed space are some of the issues associated with the high cost of open surgical methods. Wound infection, decreased mobility, and recurrence of the hernia are problems associated with all surgeries. The last thirty years has seen the advent of laparoscopy and minimally invasive techniques of surgical repair. These methods offer the promises of decreased surgical morbidity, less ...

Placenta Accreta

Introduction
During pregnancy, the placenta is normally supposed to attach on the surface of uterine wall. There are instances when the placenta attaches itself so deeply on the uterine. Placenta accreta is an abnormal attachment of the placental villi to the uterine in which the placenta is attached unusually deeply into the uterine wall. In placenta accreta, the placenta is attached directly on the myometrium unlike in other variant accounts when it gets attached into the myometrium (hence the name placenta increta) or goes through the myometrium (hence the name placenta percreta). Apparently placenta accreta is the most ...

Postpartum Hemorrhage

Introduction
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a significantly life-threatening complication that can occur after both vaginal and caesarean births (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). Simpson and Creehan (2008) define PPH as the amount of blood loss after vaginal birth, usually more than 500mL, or after a caesarean birth, normally more than 1000mL. However, the definition is arbitrary, attributed to the fact that loss of blood during birth is intuitive and widely inaccurate (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). In line with this, studies have suggested that health care providers consistently underestimate actual blood loss, thus, an objective definition of PPH would be any amount of bleeding ...

Alcohol is considered one of the deadly vices one can learn as a person enters his legal age of `18 or 21. It is also considered the deadliest drinks a person could ever consume as many have acquired health complications with too much drinking of the substance. Heart attacks, kidney and liver complications, and organ failure are the known complications due to alcohol. However, cases of teenage consumption of alcohol are slowly growing as alcohol is now easily purchased and obtained. Many have fell into the state of addiction and seek more alcohol drinks with higher alcohol percentage, putting them in ...

Problem Description

The case at hand points out that the risk for readmission and occurrence of preventable complications as high in the home care settings upon discharge from ambulatory surgery centers. This problem implies that upon discharge, the patient’s risk of complication was much higher than their counterparts in full-time clinical settings. In a bid to address this problem, it is vital to organize an effort to reduce chances of complication and readmission rates due to lack of poor service delivery in homecare settings.
The ambulatory surgery settings, otherwise named ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), represent a type of facilities that ...

Approximately 3 percent to 10 percent of pregnancies within studied populations are affected by gestational diabetes, a condition involving elevated blood sugar levels in women previously not diagnosed with diabetes (Metzger et al., 2007; Moore & et al, 2005; Schneider, 2014). Due to changes in diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of gestational diabetes may occur in as many as 20 percent of pregnancies (Kim, 2010).
Insulin receptors begin to dysfunction secondary to factors related to pregnancy and blood glucose levels rise. There are relatively few symptoms of gestational diabetes and screening of pregnant women is the most effective method of diagnosis. ...

Abstract

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic problem with major infections to lungs, pancres, intestine and liver. The main characteristic of the disease is abnormal transport of chloride, and sodium in the epithelium leading to thick secretions.
It usually results from mutation in the gene for a protein known as cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This is a hormone which is usually involved in various body excretion processes. The main method of transmission of the disease is through genes. However, research has proved that it can be still transferred among people with no DNA connection
The disease is ...

Abstract

Although various studies in genres of writing have not been considering Medical Case Reports, as a genre, there are emerging evidences that more and more healthcare organizations are adopting them as their preferred medical texts. Their abilities to present unique and rare conditions that concern an individual patient, in his/ her context, but at low costs, have seen them being considered as the most scientific texts of studies. Therefore, this study has carried out oral interviews to medical students and medical professionals, and analyzed various written medical case reports from two medical journals to reveal their features as a genre in ...

The musculoskeletal system is responsible for all body movements. The skeletal component of the muscular system provides a structural framework for the body, which protects the internal organs and provides the shape for the body. It acts as the storage for calcium and phosphorus and plays a part in mineral homeostasis(Davidson, 2002)

Functions of the skeletal system(Haywood, 2008)

The role of the skeletal system can be classified into five categories: protection, structural support, movement, mineral and chemical storage and blood cell production.
- Protection: The strong material that makes up bones protect the internal tissues and organs of the body like the brain, ears, eyes, spine, ...

MEDICAL CHECKUPS AT HOME.

There is undoubtedly an increasing demand and need to keep track of people’s state of health in real time and in a wide variety of environments. Traditionally, medical checkups involve trips to the doctor or physician which may be cumbersome and take a lot of time. The behavior of the patient may also change when around the doctor which may make it difficult for the doctor to accurately diagnose certain conditions. There is an increasing need to be able to monitor the medical condition of a patient in the natural environment of that particular patient. Thus, the concept of medical checkups ...

Introduction

Accounting for leases may be complicated by the proposed changes that by FASB and IASB. These two independent bodies aim at altering lease accounting in a view to improve the accounting treatment of leases. The two bodies, which are responsible for setting, accounting standards have the proposed changes in the exposure draft. However, the changes are poised to have certain complications as far as lease accounting is concerned. The complications are expected to impact the business world currently and in the future (Bosco, 2011).

Complication on renewal option

The proposed changes involve a subjective judgment on the lease term. The management must consider any potential ...

Introduction

The medical field of plastic surgery is growing in popularity among people. Statistics have shown that the rate of awareness and plastic surgeries that have conducted has actually doubled in size and number. It has been found that within 1996 and 2000, the number of cosmetics surgeries that have been conduction has doubled from about one million to three million in the United States (Loftus, Jean) while between the year 2000 and 2008, the rate as actually double again making the procedure one of the fastest medical procedures in the U.S (Loftus, Jean). The rate is being speculated to ...

1.0 Introduction
Serological blood grouping has been used successfully for decades to ensure safety in blood transfusion. However blood incompatibility continues to be a significant challenge in transfusion medicine reflecting the inherent limitations of the hemagglutination based serological blood typing. Some of the limitations of serological blood grouping include weak reactivity of some antibodies that are clinically significant; weak expression of some red cell antigens; the subjective nature of the available tests and lack of universal methods of detecting and identifying antibodies. In addition there are several issues related to the reagents used which include the wide variability of ...

Peripheral vascular disease is a term to describe the phenomenon of narrowed veins or arteries outside of those that supply the heart, brain, or lungs (Gardner, 2012). The most common form of peripheral vascular disease occurs in the legs and feet, and can be a side-effect of diabetes. The main symptoms of peripheral vascular disease are blue skin, the development of skin ulcers, cold skin, and poor growth of hair and nails in the affected area (Gardner, 2012). Although peripheral vascular disease is treatable, particularly if caught early, complications include infections and tissue death that can require amputation (Lockhart ...

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Heart is one of the most important part of the body. It performs many vital functions that are essential for life. Without the functioning of heart there is no life. Heart is also considered as the pumping organ of the body. The main function of heart is to pump the blood throughout the body ("The Heart (Human Anatomy): Picture, Definition, Location In The Body, And Heart Problems"). Inside the body blood is considered as the most important mean of transport of oxygen ...

Introduction and summary

Equal access to healthcare is essential to the sustainability of any nation. In fact, lack thereof compromises the survival rates of any population as it heightens the mortality rates. In the article, of disparities and diversity: Where are we? Gloria Sarto seeks to provide a rationale for the high levels of differences in the medical sector. She compares the minority population’s accessibility to healthcare facilities as opposed to the largely white community in the United States. Through this comparison, she establishes a credible argument on the need to eliminate health disparities among people around the globe. For instance, ...

Definition:

Ebola virus, well known for its hemorrhagic effects produced inside as well as outside of body. This virus progresses with bleeding, which leads to organ failure and if not treated properly can also cause death. ("Ebola virus and Marburg virus - Mayo Clinic", 2016). Ebola is also termed as Ebola Hemorrhagic fever because of its hemorrhagic property and it is also known to cause the death of 90% effected people ("Ebola Virus: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention", 2016). There are 5 strains of this virus and four of them are known to cause deadly symptoms like hemorrhage. Ebola have its ...

Introduction

Abortion is a sensitive aspect in the various dimensions of life, which include religious, cultural and political aspects. It is a concern that has led to public debate over the decades and an area of interest in the public health sector as evidenced by the World Health Organization. At least, a huge percentage of the world population come from countries where the practice is prohibited, and if permitted, it is on the grounds of saving a woman's life, such as in Kenya (Izugbara et al., 2015). However, despite the policies to manage the practice, it is important to appreciate ...

Immunizations in Children

According to World Health Organization (WHO), “Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine” (World Health Organization). This definition of WHO can be further elaborated by saying that the concept of immunization works by stimulation of the immune system. The immune system performs the function of protecting the body against disease causing agents.
In its healthy condition, the body’s immune system has the ability to recognize any invading microbe. The leucocytes identify the microbes and produce antibodies against them. These antibodies are capable ...

Introduction

Aphasia is a disorder that attacks the sensory system. The person is unable to use the oral, written, auditory comprehension adequately. The interpretation of objects, sounds and feeling is impaired. It is highly associated with diseases such as stroke which leads to paralysis of the brain and nervous system in general. It can also be caused by tumors or cancers that affect the brain as well as any vascular problems affecting the circulation supplying the brain tissues. The problem does not affect the intelligence of the person, but rather their synthesis and interpretation of the same information.

Are all types of speech difficulties aphasia?

All speech ...

Anti-social personality disorder is a chronic mental condition that affects the way the patient thinks, perceive situations, and relate with other people around. People ailing from this disorder have no feelings with regards to what is considered right and wrong. They often disregard the rights, feelings, and expectations of the people they interact with. It makes the patients malicious in that they tend to treat other people harshly without caring about the outcome of such unfair treatment. They are in conflicts with others since they try to manipulate and treat people with arrogance. The current paper seeks to describe ...

Absrtact

The paper presents the definition, risk factors, and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia. The people with hyperlipidemia, family history of diabetes, and higher body mass index are in the high risk group. The common complications of type 2 diabetes are neurologic, ophthalmologic, foot ulcer or amputation, renal hypertension, coronary artery and chronic kidneay diseases. The results of the numerous trials, cases, and researches are presented. The modern understanding of anti-diabetes therapy includes pharmacological treatment, correction of the diet (calories restriction and adequate sodium intake), minimization of sedentary ...

Cochlear implants are very instrumental in ear care. These developments are enabled by advances in technology; hence, allowing medics to offer the world of sound, music, and speech to people who would otherwise spend their entire or large part of their lives in soundless cocoons. As research indicates, the United States has had more than 30,000 cochlear implants on people across all age groups since 1999 (Ear Surgery Information Center, 2016). However, this eminent success in cochlear implant surgery has not really watered down the discourse surrounding the effects and implications of cochlear implants. Particularly, there has been ...

Introduction

On many occasions, elderly people are abused and exploited in multiple ways by the people they know. According to the American Psychological Association, over 4 million elderly people are victims of financial, psychological or physical neglect and abuse. It is estimated that about 95 percent of the abuse and neglect cases among the seniors in the United States are conducted in their residential homes and not at medical institutions. As people advance to their later ages, they become more physically weak and unable to stand up to exploitation or bullying. This is largely attributed to the fact that they ...

Joseph Conrad (his real name was Jozef Korzeniowski) is a classic of English literature of the twentieth century. He was born in the Russian Empire into a family of Polish patriots, who took part in anti-government protests. In 1874 he fled to Marseilles to become a cabin boy on a French merchant ship and three years later, while sailing in the Pacific Ocean, began to learn English. Over time, he became captain in the British passenger fleet. The marine experience gave Conrad the material for his literary works. After retiring, he devoted himself wholly to literature and in the mid-nineties began to publish ...

In most instances, people undergo mood swings or changes. In some occasion, one may feel frustrated and irritable; other occasions, one feels excited or happy. Nevertheless, people suffering from bipolar disorder undergo severe mood changes, which impair or affect their daily life as well as adversely influence their relationship with others. Because bipolar disorder, more often than not, is a chronic health complication, most persons suffering from bipolar need life-long therapy or treatment to maintain it in check. It is recommendable someone with bipolar disorder to see a psychiatrist frequently, because they can assess the symptoms, answer some troubling questions, as ...

Introduction

Rheumatic fever (RF), or acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is an autoimmune complication caused by the human-specific bacterial pathogen group A (B-hemolytic) streptococcus (GAS), Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pyogenes is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium that is coccoid or spherical in shape and usually occurs in pairs or chains. It produces hemolysin that forms a clear zone around the colonies when grown on blood agar. It has been designated as part of group A via Lancefield serotyping because it displays the carbohydrate antigen A on its cell wall. It is non acid-fast, non-spore forming, and may or may not have capsules. It has generally ...

Deep vein thrombosis is formation of thrombus in the deep vein of leg. Most commonly it occurs as a result of post surgical complication, any chronic and debilitating disease, immobility for a considerably long period of time, post partum complications, local injury. The thrombus may be loosely attached to the vein, which may lead to fatal consequences like pulmonary embolism due to dislodging of the emboli.

PREDISPOSING FACTORS

- Stasis
- Increased blood coagulability
- Injury to the vessel wall

SITES OF INVOLVEMENT

- Calf vein
- Femoral vein
- Ileofemoral vein
- Pelvic vein

PREVENTION

Before operation : a) Pre operative hospital ...

Introduction

Acute cholecystitis mainly occurs from the complications of the gallstones. Usually, it results from blockage of the cystic duct further resulting to the accumulation of bile into the gallbladder. This could often lead to an irritation and swelling. Patients with this complication usually undergo a medical procedure to remove the gallbladder. Post-operative care is always critical as these medical procedures to eliminate the gallbladder usually lead to abdominal pain and frequent re-hospitalization where adherence is poor or the post-operative procedure is not responsive (White, 2005).
Question: Among female Hispanic, age 20 and above, with acute cholecystitis, from surgical floor, ...

Diabetes Facts

What is diabetes? It is a chronic condition, characterized by excessive amounts of blood sugar or glucose. Its full name is diabetes mellitus, although for the remainder of this paper the commonly used name diabetes will be used. When there is too much glucose in the blood – a condition known as hyperglycemia – glucose finds its way into the urine, which gave rise to the term “sweet urine.” (Stöppler and Shiel (Ed.), 2012).
Glucose – in addition to being a simple sugar contained in various foods – is also a nutrient essential to the normal functioning of cells in the body. Carbohydrates in food ...

MANAGEMENT OF ASCITES IN MALE ADULT PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS

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ABSTRACT
Ascites, the most common liver cirrhosis complication, affected approximately 85% of liver cirrhosis patients in the United States in the last 10 years. The development of ascites signifies an important landmark in the disorder that is associated with a 50% mortality rate (Gines, Quintero, Arroyo, Teres et al, 1987). It also indicates a need for liver transplantation as a surgical treatment. In UK, the true incidence and prevalence of ascites may be unknown, but its mortality has rate has increased to 12.7/100000 from 6/100000 (Fisher, Hanson, Phillips et al 1993-2000).
The ...

Comparison between invasive & non-invasive ventilation in managing flail chest

Abstract
Background
Invasive ventilation has been beneficial with the provision of the airway defense for patients with respiratory complications and blunt injury such as the flail chest. It increases the airway defense and consequently minimizes the risk of reparatory related infections. Furthermore, invasive ventilation has the ability to allot the flow of lower tidal volumes. On the other hand, non-invasive ventilations involve the use of a ventilator support without the invasive artificial airway. This type of ventilation has been in a wide use and it has become popular within the previous two decades. The flexibility nature of the method ...

This paper tackles the mishaps that are witnessed with the flow of information about the genetics of families that are likely to develop into disorders or give rise to children with greater affinity of ailments. An explication into insurance requirements of individuals with these genes is also discussed, with emphasis on the fact that the companies involved cannot use genetically instigated discrimination to issue different rates of premiums to members since they do not have the natural capacity to determine their genetic configurations. A brief analysis into the society’s take on individuals with these genes is also undertaken.

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1.0 Pathogenesis and Risk factors
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a form of diabetes caused by destruction of pancreatic insulin producing cells; β-cells. This results in low or no insulin production resulting in increased blood as well as urine glucose levels. T1DM can be further subdivided into Type 1 A diabetes mellitus which is caused by autoimmune destruction of the β-cells and Type 1 B diabetes mellitus which arises from non-autoimmune destruction of the β-cells. The auto immune destruction of β-cells is carried out by auto reactive CD4+, CD8+ and macrophage upon infiltration of the islets. This process is ...

According to (How A Child Develops - Development Delay) development delays usually happens when a children does not accomplish certain development milestones. Development milestones are various changes in skills through which a child goes through in child development. These development milestones should be attained in predictable time intervals. Therefore at a certain period a child is supposed to have learnt a certain skill. For instance by the period of 9 to 15 months, a child is supposed to have learnt how to walk. If a child of an age of 20 months does not know how to walk, then we may conclude that, that child is ...