Doping Research Papers Samples For Students

Performance-enhancing drugs have long been an issue in professional sports. For as long as sporting events have existed, people have been trying to make themselves stronger, faster and better than their competition; this is the nature of competition and competitive events. However, the changing face of medical knowledge and technology has made a new type of performance enhancement possible: performance-enhancing drugs. These drugs can take many different forms, most of which are strictly controlled by the various governing bodies for each sport. In some countries, these drugs are not restricted, while in others, they are restricted entirely; for the sake ...

Introduction

Engineering has been hand in hand with sports, however, this relationship has been overlooked by many individuals including the engineers as well as athletes themselves, however; the last two decades have shown that people are beginning to recognize the critical role played by engineering in the enhancement of the performance of sportsmen and women (Czyzewski, 2011). Athletic possess a very technical side which has a strong relationship with engineering that is analyzed can reveal a lot of aspects that can be enhanced through engineering. Engineering has made it possible to analyze athletes using computers in order to determine their skills and athleticism using ...

Ethics and social responsibility in a leadership context specifically focusing on Australian anti doping authority investigation into drug use in the national rugby league and Australian football league

It was easier to gather information about ethics and social responsibility in sports because it falls in my area of specialization. In the research on ethics and social responsibilities in leadership context, various instruments of research were used to collect the relevant data. Because the research involved gathering of information from a large group of participants, secondary information was gathered from books, journals, newspapers and Australian Anti Doping Agency investigation (ASADA) publications. The ...

Introduction

Baseball used to be a very favourite pastime for the Americans, and although it has lost most part of its older prestige, it still remains a passion that crosses the borders of the US and spans generations. For that reason, one can still see talent scouts eagerly seeking for young boys that have a star, when playing baseball. At any sign of athletic promise, high-school boys are on their way to becoming stellar players with fat cheques and payoffs for their great athletic performance. To many, baseball is the benchmark of a purer world. But, wherever there is money and multi-million-dollar profit, there ...

Diamond has several applications: it is used for decoration, to manufacture high quality stereo equipment in addition to being included in cutting instruments. It is therefore important to determine the quality of the diamond. This can be done a simple, nondestructive method that is known as Raman spectroscopy. This method is used in the characterization of the morphology of the molecules of carbon materials. The bands that are detected on the Raman spectrum are dependent on the frequency of the vibrations which is attributed to the bonds within the molecule. This technique has several applications in diamond science: it is ...

Effect of ZnSe nanoparticles in the PEDOT: PSS photodiodes

Abstract
In this article we report the photovoltaic properties of devices made using a highly conducting polymer electrode, from poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) incorporated with ZnSe nanoparticles on ITO substrate as an anode and a Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) mixed with Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) in the ratio of 1:1 as the active layer. The device performance was compared with that of devices made with PEDOT-PSS without ZnSe nanoparticles on ITO substrates. The IV characteristics were studied and the surfaces of PEDOT:PSS with ZnSe were imaged using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It shows that the functions ...

History

Ergogenic aids are dated back to around 100 years ago. Warriors and athletes during the early period used food items like the lion’s heart and the deer liver to effect their speed, strength and bravery during games, battles and even hunting. Over the years Ergogenic aids have been widely used especially by amateur and professional athletes. Gaining a competitive advantage over one’s competitors is a known phenomenon in the sports world. Most athletes have been dropped out of important races due to ergogenic aids use in order to enhance their performance.
Ergogenic aids are substances or treatments that ...

Abstract

Forensic Science has long found important application in a criminal investigation, and its correct usage will enhance its effectiveness in crime detection. The use of forensic science in intelligence has allowed the possibility of crime scene reconstruction, identification of a suspect and the elements therein. Law enforcement has gone a notch higher in crime investigation in the sense that scouring for limited evidence at crime scenes has been made possible long after the perfect crime has taken place. The sole purpose of finding the obscure evidence is to have the criminals responsible brought to book and as a result, ...

In today’s society, athletes have been using different types of drugs to enhance their performance. But, the excessive use of drugs has a negative impact on the health and wellness of these athletes. For many athletes, to need to excel often outweighs the need to practice sound judgment in their fields. As such these athletes resort to the use of drugs as there is the strong belief that performance enhancing drugs have complete positive reactions on individual users. In recent years, the mass media has played a negative and a positive role in the way athletes perceive the use of drugs. The ...

Influence of Coffee on Exercise

Caffeine is a pharmacologically active substance that is consumed extensively around the world today. Various dietary sources of caffeine include coffee, tea, chocolate, carbonated drinks and energy beverages (Goldstein et al., “International society” 2010). Among these dietary sources, coffee is the most significant and widely consumed source of caffeine around the world in the present times. Statistics from North America and Europe show that around 90% of the adults consider themselves as regular coffee drinkers and their average caffeine intake adds up to approximately 200mg per day (Pesta et al., 2013).
Chemically, caffeine is 1, 3, 7,-trimethylxanthine i.e. ...

Introduction

Despite efforts of the federal government, schools, and parents in preventing the youth from engaging in vices, the youth still gravitates toward abusing substances such as alcohol, cigarette, and drugs due to the $25 billion worth of advertisements that are shown during the airing of movies and television programs. It seems that advertisers discovered that the media depiction of substance use would be more effective than traditional advertising. This is because in general, media contents are seen as positive; otherwise, they would not be released for public viewing. Moreover, media depictions would not induce criticisms as much as advertising ...

Impact of Management

Impact of Management

Introduction

The management of sports takes place through the establishment of sports departments. The sports departments represent either the region, specific sport or the entire nation. The departments manage sports like other business entities. The management of sports does not only entail the physical part involved in sports but also involves ensuring that the organizations and departments raise enough money to facilitate the running of sports events. It also entails ensuring that the sports facilities undergo good maintenance programs, which enables the games in sports to take place. Sports organizations and departments also have a task in ensuring ...

Psychology

Did you notice those big guys with very big muscles in wrestling, on the beach and at the gym? Have you ever wondered why that is a common physical characteristic of people that are involved in such sporting activities? Or have you thought such physical feature may either be from the normal hard working activities people get involved in at the gym? These are some of the few questions that usually come to our mind if we take a time out to explore how such physical features are being achieved by most sportsmen. The era of performance enhancement drugs (PED) has ...

People used to think that if they ate a certain animal, they would acquire some of the characteristics of the eaten animal. People now think that if they ingest certain chemicals that enhance the performance of a laboratory rat, they too would develop greater power.
Athletes, and others, are in constant search for the latest supplement— hopefully legal— that might enhance their performance and make them better athletes. But, for most supplements, the evidence is weak, or completely lacking. Nonetheless, there are a few dietary supplements, including caffeine and creatine, that have been shown to help.
A novel type of ...

Introduction

The Spitzer Space Telescope (Spitzer) is an infrared observatory gadget and program that was launched into the earth’s orbit on 25th August 2003 at 13:35:39 UTC-5 (Romana et al. 2). The telescope was a milestone in astronomy as it is specifically used to study the creation of the universe, creation and advancement of primordial galaxies, chemical evolution of galaxies, and origin of stars and planets (Romana et al. 2). The set up has an 85cm Ritchey-Chretien telescope that is cryogenically cooled and operating at temperatures that are as low as 5.5K. The CTA (Cryogenic Telescope Assembly) contains the CT ( ...