Fossil Research Papers Samples For Students

A Fossil fuel power station is a plant location where fossil fuels are burned producing electricity. Such fossil fuels include petroleum, natural gas, and coal. There are power plants which are designed for continuous operations for large scale purposes called central station fossil fuel power plants. Fossil fuel plants in many countries are used in the provision of electricity. They have machines for conversion of heat energy from combustion of fossil fuels into mechanical energy that operates an electrical generator producing electric currents (Camus et al. 154).
The Samso Island is planning to exhaust the application of fossil fuels ...

Introduction

There has been a growing need worldwide for alternative energy solutions to that of the traditional fossil fuel and mined coal. The need for sustainable renewable power sources can be attributed to the growing concern over the state of the area in which we live. Global warming is fast becoming the modern time's biggest threat to human life. Solar energy is one of the best answers to the energy problem that the world is currently facing. Solar power harnesses the energy from the ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun and converts it into electric energy. The determinants of the ...

Energy is one of the most important components of our day to day activities. Gasoline, diesel, kerosene, propane and other products are extracted from fossil fuels through a number of systematic processes and are used to drive automobiles, aircrafts, ships and trains. Despite their importance, these fuels lead to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and results in global warming, which has been on a steady rise for quite some time. A few Economic Crises have occurred in the recent past due to depletion of oil reserves. The latest brands of hybrid and electric cars are the ...

Did Human Bipedalism Evolve from a Knuckle-walking Ape Ancestor
Did Human Bipedalism Evolve from a Knuckle-walking Ape Ancestor

Introduction

The narratives of human evolution are one of the oft-told scientific stories whenever the topic of the origin of man crops up. However, this topic is also one of the thorniest and most highly contentious. There are major disagreements in the manner in which man first came to be, and every interpretation of almost every new find on the matter will be sure to find opposition among scholars on the field (Harcourt-Smith & Aiello, 2004). While there are numerous causes of disputes ...

Energy has played an important role in building the world economy today. From enabling man to perform daily activities to enhancing the functioning of many industries, it is sensible to state that energy is of great importance to the world. Due to its importance, fossil fuels such as coal have thus been burnt down to create energy. However, different negative effects are associated with burning such fuels to the environment. For instance, global warming gasses are emitted thus, causing global warming as a result of carbon monoxide, which is emitted while burning coal. Despite their disparities, both developed and ...

Introduction

Certain factors such as the need to conserve environmental purity as well as the increasing pressure on fossil fuels have prompted the increased use of alternative sources of fuel, renewable energy to be precise. Renewable energy has been cited as not only cheap to exploit but also the most environmentally friendly sources of energy due to the reduced instances of environmental pollution associated with such energy (Pasqualetti 204). Solar energy, for instance, has been largely exploited globally due to its free availability, especially along the tropics where it is abundant throughout the year.
Despite the increased preference of solar ...

Is Climate Change Caused by Human Action

Introduction
Are humans responsible for climate change? While it is evident that climate change is a result of different factors which when combined produce a hazardous effect, human action is considered to be the main cause of global warming. Numerous studies show that various human activities produce gas that traps heat which results in most of the increase in globally averaged temperatures. Clearly, atmospheric warming and cooling did not begin with people. It used to occur long before the rise of humankind through natural activities, such as volcanic eruptions, changes in the sun’s intensity and the already existing ...

Oil and natural gas are the two primary types of fossil fuels that the world relies on for energy and also for various other products. Crude oil and gas are mined beneath the earth’s surface where they formed a long time ago. The products origin can be traced back to the remains of animals and plants that existed millions of years ago as marine life. The living materials die and sink to the sea floor where they pile on top of each other. The successful conversion of the remains into oil or gas is only possible if the ...

The city of Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates, has long been revered as a beautiful and wealthy city. The tourist attraction boasts of “lush tropical landscapes implanted in its desert” and supports a local population of over 2.5 million people. In the center of its native climate, this developed city has come with some serious consequences and it is through development deficits, coupled with improper planning, that we see the most remarkable impact that this powerhouse has on the environment, society, and the world at large.

Context

Dubai is a city that seems to have it all in terms ...

Introduction

Concerns with avoiding the adverse consequences of Global Warming and the effects of Climate Change has increased significantly over the past decades (Deutch et al.). The leading economies such as the United States are still reluctant to adopt comprehensive climate change policies despite pledging to do so. Nor has there been an agreement with the emerging rapidly-growing economies such as India, South Korea, China, Indonesia, and Mexico on the mechanisms to adopt Greenhouse Gas (GHGs) emission constraints (US Energy Information Administration [EIA]). With Global emissions of GHGs projected to continue to increase, there is the added urgency to not ...

Global warming is the excess greenhouse effect caused by various factors that rise earth’s temperature beyond an optimum level, causing adverse impacts to the biosphere. Earth’s temperature is determined by the amount of solar radiation received from sun, radiation reflected or absorbed by various gases in the atmosphere as well as various surface features such as snow, water bodies, built environment etc. (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). Natural as well as anthropogenic factors contribute to global warming and associated climate change.

Natural Vs. Anthropogenic Causes of Climate Change

Global surface temperature increases occur due to natural causes such as sunspots and Milankovitch cycles. Milankovitch ...

Introduction

In a physical system, energy is very important as it is the ability of that system to do work. Work, on the other hand, can be defined as the force acting through a given distance. Energy is always equivalent to the ability to pull or push against basic forces of nature like force of gravity.1

Energy is the main driving force behind manufacturing processes. Lack of energy can cause many manufacturing processes to get stalled. Therefore the price of energy has a direct impact on the final cost of the manufactured goods.
Energy is very essential to the economic and social ...

Abstract

The concentration of carbon dioxide has been abnormally increasing over the years. In the year 2016, its concentration exceeded the limitations, and has been considered as a dangerous situation. As a response to the increasing carbon dioxide content in the Earth’s atmosphere, different processes are being suggested in order to lower the concentration. Carbon Capture and Storage, or CCS, is one of these processes. Generally, there are three different phases of this process: the pre-combustion, the oxyfuel, and the post-combustion. These three phases have different processes in which the carbon dioxide content is being separated from the other ...

In order to reduce the United States’ dependence on fossil-fuel energy resources, alternate sources of renewable must be investigated in order to reduce the country’s emission of greenhouse gas emissions which contribute to global warming. At the recent COP21 Climate Summit in Paris, the United States committed to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 26-28 percent below its 2005 level. This includes reductions in methane, carbon dioxide, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride and nitrous oxide, all of which contribute to global warming . In order to achieve these targets, the United States will need to employ alternative sources ...

Human life and survival are connected with the environment. With the changes in the environment, human surroundings appear to undergo an adjustment or modification to continue the life. More probably, some climatic changes tend to interfere with the human life from several corners. These could be lethal or life threatening. For example, climate change might modify the occasional examples and plenitude of irritations and illnesses; in turn, this may influence the use of pesticides, herbicides and fungicides. Reactions will vary in the middle of harvests and between geological areas. There are studies that use of these pesticides within the ...

In today’s world, climate change is one of the most critical and daunting issues that humanity is faced with. It has emerged, both as a major scientific and a global public policy issue. There is broad consensus among the scientists of the world that accumulated carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas and is released as a result of burning of carbon that is stored in fossil fuels, is causing a rise in the average surface temperatures around the world. Other greenhouse gases such as water vapor, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), nitrous oxide and methane, which are emitted ...

Introduction

Even though the concept of evolution is a typical narrative, it remains one of the most highly contentious of the topics. Major disagreements persist in the field, particularly when the evolutionary origin and physical modification of primates are the subject matter of discussion. Because of these differences, lots of significant finds in the field have attracted considerable amounts of opposition from experts depending on the species, or the side angle of evolution one recognizes (Ravosa and Dagosto). Disputes often center around locomotion and posture – whether a particular species was fully upright or could walk bipedally, brain size (intelligence), sexuality ...

Saudi Arabia is the world's largest exporter or crude oil, with the country exporting 68% the product to the Asian market. The nation enjoys a market share of 40%, enabling the government to fund a significant proportion of the budget from oil revenue. Consequently, Saudi Arabia was able to accumulate vast financial reserves in the years preceding the current low oil-prices when the price per barrel stood at $120 (Baumeister, & Kilian, 2016). However, the state of affairs has changed in the last couple of years following the drastic decline in oil prices. As a result, the country has experienced ...

Introduction

In spite of the contribution of urbanization to the economic growth in Zhejiang, its adverse effects far much outweigh the positives since sustainability of the ecosystem and the society is at stake. Environmental concerns, particularly air pollution, are real threats to the ecosystem since they lead to increased atmospheric temperatures which in turn result in climate changes. Urbanization contributes to pollution through higher energy consumption and motorization that have resulted in higher volumes of greenhouse gasses emitted in the air. The shrinking of natural resources is another consequence of urbanization where there is the rampant destruction of natural habitats, ...

Introduction

Much recent publicity surrounding climate change has focused mostly on global warming, but little direct correlation has been given in the media with regard to the impacts that environmental pollution has on climate change, and also on human health. Although studies of pollution and the environment have been carried out since the time of the Industrial Revolution, it only relatively recently that attempts to measure environmental on a global scale have been undertaken. Environmental pollution is a major cause of global concern, not only for the effects that it has on the physical environments, but also for its potential ...

Scientists, the world over, have a common belief that over 90% of earth’s species have become extinct over the last three billion years that the planet has supported life . It is estimated that there have been at least five mass extinctions spread over millions of years at a time. The latest known mass extinction was towards the end of the Cretaceous period. It is most likely so well known because, the event which occurred over 65 million years ago, caused the end of the dinosaurs. Although in terms of the scale it was smaller than the previous four, ...

Environmental crisis in China is one of the biggest challenges for the country. There are many environmental problems, but I think that the most serious one is pollution. As China is the largest source in the world of carbon emissions, the air quality in many cities is far below international health standards (Xu, Eleanour 1). It grows every year, threating the health of Chinese.
Since China’s great industrializing, the problem has been developing in a drastic way. It is caused by a big amount of factories, exhausted fumes and smoking (Lallanilla, Marc 1). Beijing, where an extensive network ...

Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops and raising livestock (National Geographic Society). It is one of the earliest occupations known to man and is till today, the most common occupation throughout the world. The importance of agriculture led early man to form permanent settlements and he was able to thus provide surplus food and livestock which soon became a prime mode of trade and transaction. The field of agriculture is a very vast one. It caters to food requirements of the entire world population. Innovative technology and development in the field of biotechnology ...

Motivation for the Study

Many automobile manufacturers in car producing countries are taking an interest in the renewable fuels as an alternative energy source for vehicles. This is due to the challenges caused by the difference in demand and supply of conventional energy sources like fossil fuels and the environmental degradation associated with them (Liu, 2015). Renewable fuels are more efficient than the current fuels used to power vehicles and their use will significantly reduce the fuel costs incurred by consumers. Renewable energy sources cause minimal environmental pollution, and its utilization will reduce the world’s pollution levels. The use of renewable fuels ...

Introduction

Air pollution is defined as the introduction of biological molecules, particulates, and other harmful substances into the air in sufficient quantities such that they cause damage to the health of living organisms including human beings, plants, and animals and may sometimes cause death. These pollutants may also cause harm to property resulting in corrosion of buildings and causing them to crumble or destroy the environment by introducing foul odors and reducing visibility.
Two different types of air pollution exist: natural or artificial, depending on the causative factors. Air pollutants are also classified into primary and secondary sources. Primary sources ...

Introduction

According to the scientists, the earth is estimated to be about 4.55 billion years in age. This estimation is based on different assumptions and evidence carried out from specific parts of the earth. The scientists used three methods to come up with the actual age of the Earth. This paper will highlight how scientists established the actual age of the earth and all the assumptions that were made.

Methods Used to Estimate the Actual Age of the Earth

Radiometric Dating Method
The scientists also used the knowledge of half-life and the decaying element concentration to estimate the age of the sampled rocks, which translate to the age of the ...

Abu Dhabi and most of the United Arab of Emirates (UAE) are situated in the near coastal areas in the Middle Eastern region. Many infrastractures are strategically built within the area and most of the economy of the country are based on the different activities of the establishments built there (Dougherty 14). Unfortunately, the coastal areas are one of the most affected regions in the current phenomenon of climate change. This is because climate change brought about several adverse effects in the coastal regions, particularly in the rise of sea water level and temperature, as well as the constantly ...

Introduction

Alternative energy is a general term that is used to refer to any source of energy that is serviceable and is intended to be used as a substitute for other fuel sources without undergoing any undesired consequences. Hydrogen is therefore ideal alternative fuel energy for Army after Next (AAN) platforms. However, considering the current technology, use of Hydrogen as a form of alternative energy, has two setbacks that hinder its use as substitute energy. One of the setbacks is that, Liquid Hydrogen which is the ideal form of hydrogen needs four times storage space of convectional petroleum –based fuels. The other ...