Hemoglobin Research Papers Samples For Students

Introduction

Sickle Cell Anemia or Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited blood ailment. Those suffering from Sickle Cell Disease have abnormal S/ sickle hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Hemoglobin is the protein in the blood that aids in carrying oxygen throughout the body. The ailment takes its appellation from the shape of the red blood cells of a person affected by Sickle Cell Disease, which have the shape of a sickle. They are stiff and adhesive rather than a disk like normal cells. The misshapen cells tend to get trapped in the small blood vessels hindering the movement of ...

Brittani Scott

Introduction
Sickle-cell disease is an illness that is multisystem, linked to episodes of progressive damage of organ and acute illness, and is among the most common dangerous monogenic disorders in the world (Weatherall, Hofman, Rodgers, Ruffin, & Hrynkow, 2005). The sickle-shape erythrocytes were initially described in the year 1910 by Herrick (Herrick, 1910) and understanding has slowly increased from that time. Together with his colleagues, Pauling (1949) keyed out electrophoretic abnormalities in sickle HbS and made up the word molecular disease in the year 1949. The genetics, as well as biophysics of hemoglobin behind the disease, have been widely ...

Introduction

Sickle Cell Disease is a common term in medical biology, and it refers to the description of red blood cell disorders having an inherited connotation. Individuals suffering from this disease are attributed to have abnormal hemoglobin, which is often referred to as hemoglobin s. This term is also called sickle, thus the name sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin is the red coloring in matter of the blood, and it carries various nutrients, which are either transported or inferred into the body system (Johnson, 2005). This disease thus, ruins the red blood cells making them incapable of carrying out their normal ...

Hemoglobinopathies: Analytic Diagnostic Techniques

Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemia’s are a kind of Genetic disorders caused mainly by a mutation or deletion of Globin genes in Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consist of α or β Amino acid chains. An alteration in α chain production leads to α Thalassemia and alteration in β chain causes β Thalassemia. Hemoglobinopathies on the other hand may be caused due to the structural abnormalities or alteration of amino acid sequences in the Globin genes. These are mainly hereditary and constitute to around 4 to 5% of the world population. (WHO Statistics, 2012) Each year around 250,000 to 300,000 new born children have either hemoglobinopathies or thalassemia. Both ...

Source

Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease is a life-long debilitating disease that affects nearly 100,000 Americans (Sickle Cell Disease). Sickle Cell Disease is most common among people of African, Caribbean, Indian, Mediterranean, Saudi Arabian and people of Central and South American descent. Many scientists attribute Sickle Cell Disease to being the result of an evolutionary response against malaria (University of Utah Health Sciences) The reason for this is because the majority of cases of Sickle Cell Disease are located in regions of Africa or exist in descendants of Africans who used to live in areas that had high levels of ...

Anemia

This is a condition that normally develops when blood lacks enough hemoglobin or red blood cells. Hemoglobin being part of the red blood cells is responsible for binding oxygen. When one has abnormal or too few red blood cells or the hemoglobin is low or abnormal, the cells in the body will lack enough oxygen (World Health Organization. 2015). Symptoms like fatigue occur in people with anemia because the body organs lack what they need to operate appropriately. Other possible symptoms are; feeling tired, a feeling of the heart racing, feel having short of breath, experiencing worse heart problems ...

1. What is Normal hematocrit ranges?

The normal hematocrit ranges are dependent on two things which are the age and sex of the individual. However, it is only dependent on sex after adolescence.
The normal hematocrit ranges are: 55%- 68% for Newborn babies, 47% - 65% for one week old babies, 37% - 49% for one month old babies, 30% - 36% for three month olds, 29% -41% for one year olds, 36% - 40% for 10 year olds, 42% - 54% for adult males, and 38% - 40% for adult women.

2. What is Occult blood?

An occult blood is defined as a negligible amount of blood present ...

Abstract 3

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Properties and Uses 4

Sources of CO Emission and Toxicokinetics 4

Exposure Limits for CO, Sampling and Analysis 6
Protocols for Industrial CO Sampling and Analysis 6
Carbon Monoxide in Substance Priority List (SPL) 7
CO Contaminated Superfund Site 8
Carbon Monoxide Explosion Case Study with Recommendations 8
References 10
Abstract
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas, which results from incomplete combustion of carbon containing fuels, and has several applications such as effective reducing agent and manufacture of various hydrocarbons. CO is a major indoor air pollutant, and is released when combustion is carried out in confined spaces such as mines ...

Abstract:

Diabetes is a significant problem in health care. The problem is growing significantly as worldwide populations are getting older and more obese due to a variety of reasons. The paper reviews current pathophysiological and treatment literature regarding the treatment of diabetes. It focuses primarily on gut hormones and the physiological effects they produce in the disease as well as on surgical methods of diabetes resolution that has varied pathophysiological bases. Novel ways of treatments do not always have fully elucidated rationales for how they work, as bariatric surgeries may have multiple effects on the pathophysiology of the disease and this must ...

Introduction

Many tests can be used in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, some of which can be done at home, while others can only be performed in clinics. These tests can be categorized into: blood tests (samples may be taken during fasting, or randomly); and glucose tolerance tests; and urine tests (Poretsky, 2010). The chief test used in diagnosis is the ‘fasting blood glucose test.’ In case the test results for this test are borderline, the glucose tolerance tests are used for confirmation.

Glycated Haemoglobin (A1C Test)

This test checks for the average levels of blood sugar within the last two to three months ...

The following questions pertain to:

George, S., & Thomas, S. (2010). Lived experience of diabetes among older, rural people. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(5), 1092-1100.

What is the purpose of this research?

What is the research question (or questions)? This may be implicit or explicit.
The research question was not specified. A likely research question can be stated as “What are the lived experiences and views of insulin-dependent diabetic rural older adults on diabetes self-management?
Did the authors describe the research design of this study? If so, give a description.

Describe the population (sample) for this study.

The sample was 10 female English-speaking, rural-based, insulin-dependent diabetic older adults between the ages of 65 and 85 years aged ...

We see these days restaurants like Chipotle and grocery stores claiming to serve non-genetically modified foods. Are we eating artificial food? Is that good for our bodies? Is that good for the food that is being modified? These questions raise awareness for people who are oblivious of what GMOs are and how they are affecting our daily lives. GMOs may be more common in our diets than we know. GMO stands for Genetically modified organism and is a term that stems from biotechnology. It is the alteration of the genetic code of an organism to either enhance its properties, ...

Abstract

Secondhand smoke contains many chemicals, including substances that can stimulate the development of cardiovascular diseases. Regular exposure to cigarette smoke put people at risk of developing various diseases including cardiovascular dysfunction. This is true even to non-smokers, due to the thousands of toxic chemicals found in tobacco smoke. Inhalation of these substances may lead to serious and life-threatening health concerns. Consequently, those who are exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher possibility of developing lung, nasal and other forms of cancer and heart diseases. The toxic substances upset the normal functioning of the heart and blood vessels which leads ...

2. How does exercise affect diabetes mellitus?
During exercise, the whole-body oxygen consumption usually increases 20-fold. However, greater increases have been reported in the working muscles (American Diabetes Association). Under such circumstances, the skeletal muscles increase the utilization of stored triglycerides and glycogen, as well as the free fatty acids. Consequently, exercise maintains appropriate glucose levels in order to preserve the function of the central nervous system. In patients with diabetes mellitus, therefore, exercise ameliorates insulin sensitivity and helps to lower the elevated levels of blood glucose to the normal range (American Diabetes Association).
3. How does ...

Smoke Inhalation

Smoke inhalational injury is the most prominent cause of death in patients involved in fire accidents. It has been said that prevalence of death due to inhalation of smoke and other noxious substances stands between 60 and 80% in the United States. (Lafferty, 2010). Smoke inhalational injury remains a serious threat to the health of victims of explosions, house fires and other forms of fire disaster. (Murakami & Traber, 2002)
In the Pathophysiology of acute and chronic Smoke Inhalational Injury, three mechanisms readily come into mind. They include thermal damage of the lung parenchyma, pulmonary irritation and asphyxiation. (Lafferty, 2010).
...

In Diabetic type II Patients, how does Self-Management Education Affect Overall Health Care Cost?

Introduction
Self-management education is a fundamental paradigm that helps a majority of diabetic patients from severe consequences associated with the disease. Since debates type 2 is one of the chronic diabetic conditions, proper DSME is an appealing solution that provides a firm foundation to diabetic patients towards an overall improvement of their health conditions and physical activities (Kumar, & Snooks, 2011). In addition, DSME has been shown to be an intervention that improves on the overall health outcome of these patients. DSME often involves processes that facilitates the knowledge, skills, and the ability that aid with the prerequisite techniques for ...

Debra Dutton

BIO 201
Pollution and the Human Body
The human body has an incredible defense and healing system. It uses the various senses like smell, sight and taste to filter the food, air and water as they get into the body. The skin safeguards the body tissues and internal organs from environmental hazards. The skin also senses the variations in environmental temperatures and acts as the body’s stimuli in controlling the body temperature. The brain and the nervous system are part of the complex response and flight mechanism that responds to emergencies and dangers. An army of ...

Introduction

In previous decades, epidemics were associated entirely with communicable diseases. However, a recent global phenomenon is the significant rise in incidence of chronic diseases linked to individual lifestyles. Unhealthy diet, inadequate physical activity, smoking, and alcohol intake all play a role in initiating the physiologic changes that lead to the development and progression of lifestyle-related conditions including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer (Strychar, Elisha & Schmitz, 2012). These are the top causes of death in populations as reported by many countries.
Because of the association with lifestyle factors, such illnesses are largely preventable but require complex management once acquired. ...

Regulation of body pH occurs either through pH regulation or pH compensation. Regulation occurs as a combined effort of buffer systems, and respiratory and renal systems. Normal metabolism produces acidic wastes, for example, carbonic and lactic acid. These products increase acidity of body fluids and cause a shift in body pH away from the normal alkaline nature. Buffers help to prevent the shift towards an acidosis, and hence maintain pH of the blood and the body. Buffers also facilitate maintenance of narrow pH ranges of body fluids. Maintenance of this narrow range is crucial since biochemical reactions are affected by concentration ...

Smoke inhalation injuries in fire victims

The clinical manifestations of acute and chronic smoke inhalation injuries are due to two processes; one, the direct effects the inhaled substances have on the respiratory system that is, pulmonary injuries and the systemic effects induced by the toxic gases such as cyanide and carbon monoxide absorbed. Pulmonary injuries can further be categorized into those affecting the upper airway and those below the level of the glottis. Smoke inhalation triggers a systemic inflammatory response. Diagnosis of smoke inhalation injuries is based on the presenting symptoms and a battery of diagnostic tests majorly blood gas analysis.

Body

Injuries of the upper airway occur ...

Introduction

Malaria is a key public health predicament and cause of much distress and untimely death in the poorer areas of tropical Africa, Asia and Latin America. In many endemic areas it is becoming increasingly complex to control because of the resistance of the parasite to anti- malarial drugs and the failure of vector control measures. Malaria is mainly caused by plasmodium species of the Coccidia family of Parasites. The most pathogenic species of the plasmodium species is plasmodium falciparum which is responsible for almost 90% of malarial infections in the world. The Coccidia are intracellular parasites that reproduce asexually by a ...