Informed Consent Research Papers Samples For Students

(Define the 4th, 5th, 6th ans 14th amendment of the united states constitution and cite at least one case as it relates to interview and interrogation. when you cite any case you need to give the details of the case or as much information that you feel is necessary for one to understand what occurred)

Introduction

In Tarasoff v. The Regents of the University of California [S.F. No. 23042, Supreme Court of California, July 1, 1976], a ‘wrongful death’ action was filed against the Regents of the University of California hospital psychotherapists and campus policemen. The victim’s parents testified that ...

One of the aspects that were of interest to me in this article was the strategies that are put to ensure that there are efforts made in acquiring informed consent from persons with intellectual disabilities. Through analyzing the article, I wanted to understand new ideas that could possibly improve the manner of conducting the research that involve persons with intellectual disabilities. Through proper analysis and examining the mythology used, I wanted to establish an effective strategy for ensuring informed consent among persons with intellectual in regard to their medical condition.

The study’s methodology entailed interviewing strategically selected candidates. ...

Proposal for a Course of Action

Introduction
The patient, described as a ninety year old, depressed professor, was selected for the long-term care assistance analysis is evaluated for palliative care in a hospice environment (Cohen, 2006, 235). Benefits identified in recommendation of a hospice care setting include: 1) patient request for placement outside of home; due to 2) and inability to maintain the property. The latter issue relates to both financial distress and to everyday upkeep. The patient suffers from age related fatigue and blindness, and requires pharmaceutical administration, daily.
Social factors considered in the recommendation were defined by the patient. The patient has no children, ...

Police Officers

Purpose of the proposed research
Like all professions, the profession of a police officer is also bound by ethics. In the course of their duty, police officers face several ethical dilemmas, where they are required to take decisions. They are faced with the needs of the law on one hand and ethical codes based on judgment of right and wrong, on the other hand. Situations and circumstances may be different case to case and the strict application of a law would be inappropriate in certain cases. Compared to most other professional ethics, the police ethics are relatively underdeveloped. Police officers ...

Introduction

Ethical matters in healthcare represent one of the major disciplines which revolve around making sure that healthcare policy-makers, personnel, lawyers, researchers and other internal and external stakeholders concerned with any healthcare element conduct their professional obligations in a manner that is ethically and morally acceptable. The consensus is almost impossible in the case of ethical concerns regardless of the efforts being put in place. There are different ethical principles which are recognized all over the healthcare world; some fundamental principles include, fair treatment of all health services beneficiaries, respect to human life, dignified treatment and support of patient’s ...

Abstract

This paper puts the legal and ethical issues of physician-assisted suicide in the context of the larger debate on privacy and the right to die, which can be divided into three constituent parts: (1) a patient’s constitutionally protected right to privacy in all matters involving end-of-life treatment decisions. So long as a patient has the mental capacity to make informed consent, the government does not have a legitimate interest to override end-of-life decisions. Critical to the analysis of a patient’s refusal of life-sustaining treatment is the burden of the state to prove a patient did not have ...

The word research can have many connotations and interpretations. Just reading a book, which states some facts, can be a kind of research also. It varies from subject to subject and is based on the objective of the researcher. In a broad sense any kind of work involved with collecting data or gathering information to gain more perspective on any given subject can be classified as research. When we focus only in the aspect of scientific research, Shuttleworth (2008) offers the definition of scientific research as, “ performing a methodical study in order to prove a hypothesis or answer a specific question” (para. 3). He further ...

Introduction:

A personal philosophy of ethical practice using core values and essential principles and practices for doctoral research in the field of education should encompass intent, practice and the final use of the materials. To conduct oneself ethically involves more than doing the right thing. Ethical conduct must include acting in the right spirit. Setting out with the right intent and obeying the rules is not sufficient, ethical conduct must also abiding respect and concern for other individuals.
Ethical conduct for doctoral research in the field of education is particularly sensitive and demanding. Unlike research undertaken for commercial purposes, ...

The Items that have shaped the Modern IRB Directives

The Items that have shaped the Modern IRB Directives

Introduction

IRB or Institutional Review Board is considered as the safeguarding body responsible in ensuring the ethical treatment of human subjects and or participants in a research (Blackburn.edu, n. d.). IRB implements policies and requirements needed in research studies that involve human subjects. Their review includes overseeing the welfare and rights of the involved subjects, the appropriate methods used and it informed consent were obtained and ensuring the right balance between the benefits of the investigation and potential risks. Despite the many scientific breakthroughs brought by research, ethical consideration still needs to ...

Abstract

There are various ethical issues that a counselor can encounter when conducting a group counseling session. Some of the issues are similar to those in the individual counseling, but there are others which are unique. There is an ethical issue of confidentiality where the therapist should not disclose any information about the group members. However, there are definite limits to confidentiality where the counselor can disclose the information. The counselor should uphold his/her professionalism in the session. They must have sufficient knowledge and information on the issues that the members are presenting. All the group members should have enough ...

Introduction

Background of the Study
Hospitality companies constantly require to ensure the satisfaction level of its employees. It is due to the fact that the companies are more effective when they take steps to satisfy their employees (Langton, Robbins & Judge, 2007). The satisfied employees are considered an effective labor force and they become the key asset for the company’s effectiveness (Tepper, Lockhart & Hoobler, 2001). Various authors have identified the organizational performance as well as the willingness of employees to have sound working conditions.
According to Jin-Zhao and Jing (2009) human resources are one of the key parts of the ...

1.0 Description of the article
The paper will review an article published in the emerging infectious diseases journal on “Reduced Efficacy of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITN) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) for Malaria Control in Pyrethroid Resistance Area, Benin”. The study compared the effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides used in ITN and IRS in two villages, Ladji and Malanville. In most of the malaria-endemic African countries, including Benin, ITN and IRS are the principal methods used in preventing malaria through vector control. In the two vector control methods, pyrethroid has been the preferred insecticides in the last decade due to ...

Introduction

When carrying out psychological tests, I-O practitioners are under obligation to observe the rights of their respondents or patients. The patients have rights such the right to informed consent, anonymity and privacy. These rights pertain to individual information revealed to a psychologist. Psychologists must always handle this information carefully because it is confidential.

Privacy refers to personal details that are sensitive. When psychologists interview and assess patients, they have access to this sensitive information. Since the patient has to reveal the sensitive information, there are rules that oblige a psychologist to keep this information private and confidential. If the psychologist reveals ...

A Police unit may be termed as a division of authority given the directive to put in force the laws of the land. Every rule or nation constantly relies on a police force to ensure peace and order within its borders. Most developed nations have numerous arms and agencies that have been created to be concerned with law enforcement. For instance, in the United States, these policing institutions are created and managed by several levels of the government, that is, federal, state and local level . Every police department operates under diverse jurisdiction and report to the respective management level. Federal law ...

Definition of scientific method

Bauer (1994) defines scientific method a systematic, controlled observation or experiment whose results leads to hypothesis, which can be valid or invalid through further work. In addition, the hypothesis results to the formulation of theories that may be reliable due to the critical approach that was used in the method. Information obtained from the scientific method can lead to classifying previously established data as false and open new avenues where further research is done.

Importance of Scientific Research

Through scientific research, new knowledge in various fields can be acquired. In addition, this knowledge can be used to establish standards of practice in the various ...

Ethical and Bioethical Issues in Nursing Practice

Dilemmas in ethics during practice and delivery of health care are a serious concern thus the many principles developed to address the situation. Principles such as informed consent, patient autonomy, and advance directives continue to influence and receive numerous attentions from professionals, ethicists, and the public who are the consumers. The principle of patient autonomy can be reconciled with reality of obtaining acceptance or consent on a clinical procedure or situation with deliberations. On the other hand, a Patient anticipates that a reasonable prognosis will be made. An ethical dilemma may be solved by applying the principle of patient autonomy where the patient ...

History

Researchers today have gone through a long process to be able to take their research study to human subjects. Minors, elderly and prisoners’ studies are governed by numerous regulations and protocols. Other human subjects who do not fall under these categories are also protected by the regular standards that researchers must adhere to; for instance, informed consent and confidentiality. This was not always the case though; the journey to developing the modern medical ethics people enjoy today took years of conducting painful and brutal experiments on human subjects. The history of medical ethics seems to harbor many unthinkable and ...

The Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS) was developed in 1948 by J. P. Guilford and W. S. Zimmerman for measuring normal personality development and temperament. The reason for developing personality trait measuring instruments in the field of psychology was the simplification of tests used to measure personality traits. Early tests usually focused on theories relevant to particular traits, which resulted in the creation of several hundred different tests, each measuring only one trait (McCrae & Costa Jr., 2012). Though many tests had good psychometric properties, there was no unified personality test, so the administration and interpretation of different test was disorganized ...

The health care practice has always been confronted by many ethical challenges owing to the diversity of the values of individuals within a pluralistic society characterized by different cultures. This brings about a moral conflict with respect to what should be done in various situations. It is due to this that guidelines have been formulated to deal with ethical issues in a manner that is universally acceptable. The context of clinical cases is quite complex as there are many variables involved and this makes the applicability of ethical principles situation dependent.

Ethical principles

In healthcare provision, there are four fundamental principles that have been ...

Research Objectives

Background
One of the major issues experienced by nurses is grief. This grief is experienced as nurses start caring for the patients and it is more when the patient dies. The extent to which the nurses experience this grief depends upon their bonding with the patients. Grief is one of the major problems affecting the lives of nurses and ultimately the quality of healthcare. Unfortunately, healthcare professionals and hospitals do not provide the nurses with the necessary support system to cope with the losses. This has a negative impact on the social life of the nurses. Also the quality ...

Meaningful research which can be applied in real life situations is based on ethical conduct of researchers. The researchers have a duty to protect the study participants and to maintain confidentiality. Considerations of ethical research include informed consent from the participants, privacy, confidentiality, anonymity, and beneficence (Fouka & Mantrozorou, 2011). This paper evaluates the case of Sarita Kudumula, 13, whose parents learned she was participating in a Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) vaccine clinical trial after she died.
HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that causes cervical cancer. Various vaccines have been developed against the virus and most are tested in India. Sarita ...

Research ethics involve guidelines on daily work, safeguarding the self-respect of subjects and the publication of research information. When nurses do take part in research, they have to deal with 3 value systems which include nursing, society and science (Fouka & Mantzorou, 2011). These value systems might conflict with the values of communities, societies and subjects, thus creating dilemmas and tensions in nursing. This paper examines a qualitative study and documents the ways in which the findings are useful in nursing practice. The paper also addresses the ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.
The research examined is ...

Introduction

Drug abuse (also called substance abuse) is generally a worldwide problem. National governments have launched various programs to attack this problem. However, no single program has evidenced its total eradication. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (2011), drug abuse and addiction create negative consequences for people and for the whole society. The total estimates of the overall costs of drug abuse in the United States alone exceed $600 billion every year. (Ibid.) This figure includes productivity, health and crime-related costs. It also includes an estimated US$181 billion for illicit drugs, $193 billion for tobacco, and $235 ...

Abstract

This research paper will discuss the different ethical issues within group therapy sessions. A therapist should bear particular ethical standards that are required in group therapy sessions. Importantly, counselors should uphold moral codes that guide the group agenda from the formation to the operational stages of the group. Also, this paper will analyze the distinct traits of individual and group counseling. Group counseling involves one counselor attending several clients simultaneously. On the other hand, individual counseling includes a one on one session between a client and therapist. In group counseling, the members may be shy to share their issues ...

Abstract

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Test is used by the psychologists to determine the extent of depression among the patients so that adequate interventions and treatments can be incorporated to hinder the extent of depression. There are certain errors that can effect the test specially when respondents fail to understand the questions and are under influence of drugs or alcohol, due to which their responses do not remain valid to draw conclusions. The errors during the manual calculation of scores can lead to false interpretation whereas the prevalence of construct validity is also required to incorporate the consistent level ...

Quantitative research article

Empirical research in bioethical journals. A quantitative analysis by Borry, P., Schotsmans, P., & Dierickx, K.

Background/Introduction

The background of the research was to analyze the nature and evolution of the published empirical research in the fields of bioethics and medical ethics (Borry et al., 2006). This was prompted by an intense debate about the relationship between the normative and empirical perceptions of bioethics. By that time, there were only two studies which had described the nature and evolution of published empirical research in the field of bioethics and ethics and this study paper had to carry more research on this ...

The study will aim to find answers to research questions which include:

Does there exist a difference in depression symptoms in men and women?
What factors contribute to this difference, for instance, social and economic factors?
Can the factors contributing to this difference be controlled?
The study will be based on the hypothesis, men are more prone to depression in comparison to women. The null hypothesis for the study is, there does not exist any relationship between depression symptoms and gender of people experiencing these symptoms (Gonzalez, 2016).
The study will randomly select participants of different ages with at least 40 participants being between the ages of 20 and 30 and ...

Introduction

Counseling can help people resolve issues in their lives in various ways. However, not all therapies or techniques of counseling will work for every individual. Therefore, it is essential for counselors to understand client needs in order to determine what technique will result in the most effective outcomes. Individual counseling and group counseling are the most popular and commonly used counseling techniques (Jacobs, Masson, Harvill & Schimmel, 2012). Individual counseling is a one-on-one therapy session in which a personalized approach is utilized in guiding and treating an individual. On the other hand, group counseling happens when a counselor works with ...

Campus Violence and Policies of Primary and Secondary Schools in Michigan

It is pertinent to note that violence has evolved from just targeting students. It could sometimes involve school staff and even the school administration. The issue of violence and disciplines are often addressed as a unit, but there should be different ways of dealing with both cases because more often than not, violence often overtakes disciplines issues and needs further investigations and probing (School Safety and Violence, 2016). Acts of violence are often common, and they could occur repeatedly. Despite the severity of violence, school administrators often ignore them, in some cases, it often goes unreported, hence, increasing the ...

Obtaining Patient’s Informed Consent

Most nurses are faced with a dilemma in nursing practice on whether to seek clients consent before administering for some medicine or nursing procedures. It is important for nurses to uphold patient consent and seek for their opinion before applying certain healthcare procedures and medications. The patient should be made aware of the choices that are possible and given a chance to choose what is best for them. The nurses should only withhold the principle of the patient consent when the client is incapacitated. Many occasions' nurses are faced with this dilemma of seeking the customer consent and sometimes ...

Introduction

Patients with advanced cancer most often experience excruciating pain as one of the symptoms of the deadly disease. This pain if unrelieved causes unnecessary anguish and suffering that happens to be exhausting to patients both physically and psychologically. Therefore, recommended treatments for such; assist in ensuring the comfort of the patients and allows them function normally. Various studies and several developed scales have been conducted to study pain management; unfortunately, they all fail in one way or another due to complications experienced in evaluating pain patients undergo. This is due to the variance in levels of pain experienced by ...

The Tuskegee Health Experiment: A Question of Bureaucratic Morality? Were there precise moral and ethical issues that the case presents? Are they dependent upon race, color economic status, and/or geographical location? Why or why not?
The government bears the responsibility for ensuring that all human rights are well protected. In relation to the Tuskegee experiment, both the government and health organizations are supposed to conduct researches that meet moral and ethical standards. There were cases of the people used in the experiment being exploited by the researchers. This is why the health organizations and the government wanted to ...

Almost every year, the Bureau of Justice Statistics conducts a survey whose aim is to understand the challenges that confronts female parolees from the perspective of parole officers, social workers, and correctional officers. In 2010, the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency documented that 111, 387 women had been incarcerated in different federal and state facilities (Sipes). In fact, in 2002 the number the number of women offenders under solitary confinement reaches approximately 691,301 (Daniels). While the number of women incarcerated has decreased significantly over the last decade, there are still quite a number of offenders that are still under ...

Introduction

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is from the papillomavirus family which infects the cells in the skin or the mucous membrane. HPV is a non-enveloped double stranded virus which carries its genetic code from early (E1-E7) and late (L1-L2) proteins. The early proteins promote viral replication while late proteins are responsible for structural support or capsids of proteins. Two viral oncogenes together with the non-structural early proteins (E6-E7) were associated to the transformation of the tumor from benign to malignant stage. The aforementioned proteins influence carcinogenesis by promoting both the retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 proteins. These proteins regulate cell growth and ...

INTRODUCTION

The Quick Response (QR) codes technology is attracting diverse applications in the medical field. According to SecTech, Ślęzak & FGIT (2009), introduction of any new technology is characterized with the opportunities and some drawbacks. This presents a controversy on whether we should adopt QR Codes technology in healthcare or not. It is apparent that if a technology presents more benefits than disadvantages, then its adoption is justified. Furthermore, Sewell & Thede (2013) endorses the significance of embracing modern technology by noting that technology defines the future of healthcare. In this context, the paper explores the subject of QR technology from diverse ...

Facilitator:

Introduction
Emergency management has customarily been considered as the duty of the government and other disaster management bodies. The society entirely believes that these institutions have a role to play during the disasters and in the aftermath. However, many people fail to visualize the effective ways that the victims can apply in saving their situation when faced by a disaster (Perry, 2003). Neglecting the significant role of victims during disasters is a misinformed perspective since effective incorporation of victims in emergency management can better the situation. The paper explores the idea of engaging victims in emergency management by focusing on the ...

1. Explain how nurses can be familiar with the nature and sources of genetic information so that they can assure privacy and confidentiality for their patients?
The detection of genetic disparities that play a role in disease offers information that is improving the understanding of disease biology, hence providing new and specialized therapies. Therefore, it is important for practicing nurses to be aware about genetic and genomic information. Through health promotion, provision of care and understanding patient, nursing brings a significant aspect of genomics. The practice of nursing is gradually inculcating genomic and genetics as part of its fundamental obligation ...

The United States constitution is very clear on gun ownership and control. The 2nd amendment protects citizens’ right to keep and bear arms. In addition, it gives militia the right to keep and bear arms as detailed in the constitution. This right to keep and bear guns has been infringed in a number of occasions. First, there have been massive shootings in schools. For instance, in 1997, a 16 year old Luke Woodham shot his girl friend, a close friend and 7 other students (Lott, para 9). In 1998, James Strand used his gun to kill one teacher, and wounded three people, ...

Drug Development Slides

What are some of the major responsibilities of the US Food and Drug Administration?
The FDA is responsible for protecting public security by ensuring all foods sold meet hygiene and safety standards.
How long does the drug patent usually last? Can you gain an extension?
The drug patent lasts for 17 years and one can get a patent if they apply.
What are the basic sections of a US IND?
- Toxicology and effectiveness during pre-clinic trials
- Clinical work that will be carried out in Phase 1 and 2
- Manufacturing and chemistry ...

According to Conover, Skloot, in her book, addresses the gigantic issues of medical experiments as to “who owns our bodies, the use and misuse of medical authority, the unhealed wounds of slavery” (qtd in Skloot 2). Skloot addresses story in the history of the United State’s medical field whose past is clouded by a dark history of human medical experimentations. The dark history in western medicine shows a record of horrifying events of medical experiment carried out on patients. Unfortunately, many of such experiments have been performed on children, impoverished people, and other marginalized vulnerable groups. As if that is ...

Risk Management in health Care Organizations

Introduction
Risk management refers to the process by which risk managers identify, assess, and prioritize different kinds of risks. After identifying the risk, the risk manager creates a plan to eliminate or minimize the impact these negative events. There are different types of strategies for risk management, depending on the kind of risk.
The health care industry today faces numerous risk issues that relate to reforms in the health care industry, the shift from compensation based on the service provided to compensation based on the outcome, industry consolidation, changes in the relationship between the payer and service provider, ...

Like any other discipline, ethical research for Criminal Justice or Security Management ensures the credibility and reliability of the activities involved in the process. Codes of Ethics ensure that the system is fair, legal, and protective of civil rights, especially of the more vulnerable subjects of research and investigation.
Considering the precariousness and hazards of the nature of this type of research, crucial areas of concern are contented by ethical principles as fundamental to the practice, as they are likely to be encountered most often. Paramount of these areas are the concerns of neutrality, integrity, confidentiality, and competence, ...

Stem cell research has been termed by several health practitioners and scholars as one of the greatest milestones in medical research. Stem cells can be defined as any cells that have the ability to divide and thus can be specialized into any of the different kinds of cells found in the body . Such specialization and growth of cells into any of the functional cells implies that physicians can use the technology to cure many cell-related diseases. For instance, stem cells can be used to replace damaged cells due to cancer. Other diseases may lead to the damaging and degradation ...