Patriot Research Papers Samples For Students

Introduction

The USA Patriot Act was put into effect to allow the United States to be more efficient when it comes to stopping and preventing terrorism. The Patriot Act was signed into law on October 26, 2001 by President Bush. This act was put into place shortly after the September 11 attacks to strengthen our country’s security. It allowed law enforcement greater freedom when it comes to conducting investigations on terrorism. The Patriot Act changed the way and increased the freedom of the government when conducting terrorist investigations. It allows the government to investigate into individuals without their knowledge, ...

Introduction

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, sometimes known as FISA, is a federal law enacted in the United States, designed to allow surveillance of individuals who are perceived to be a threat to the United States (Breglio, 2003). First enacted in 1978, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act was originally intended for use during the Cold War. Because that particular war depended so much on intelligence regarding what foreign nations were doing and how they were planning on using the information they obtained about the United States to undermine her security, the government felt the need to enact a piece of legislation that allowed ...

The United States (U.S.) was attacked on 9/11 in such a way that even surpasses the attack on Pearl Harbor. At least during WWII the country knew who its enemies were. However, although the terrorist group(s) that attacked and caused the collapse of the Twin Towers are known, they are hidden. That leaves the U.S. Government scrambling to find these concealed enemies that are either still on U.S. soil or planning more attacks from abroad.
It will be necessary to look at the ethical dilemmas involved with the USA PATRIOT Act (“Epic.org”, n.d.), in regards to authorization of ...

Short after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, at the urgings of the Bush administration, Congress passed the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (Patriot Act). The Patriot Act was notable not only for the haste in which it was drafted and enacted but also the comprehensive changes that it made to American criminal procedure, national security and information privacy laws. Originally, many of the provisions of the Patriot Act were set to “sunset” or automatically end if Congress did not reauthorize them. Congress however has consistently ...

The Patriot Act was introduced as a way of fighting the war on terrorism and making America a safer place in which to live. Title IV of the Act concerns reducing the risk of terrorism by tightening up border control and immigration laws. Some people argue that these laws are an infringement of the rights of US citizens, that the Act was passed rashly, and that it should be revoked. However, although the Act was introduced rapidly, it was in response to the serious terrorist attacks of 9/11. America needs to be as certain as possible that nothing like 9/11 will ...

Introduction3

Thesis statement4
The Patriot Act..4

The Homeland Security Act6

Patriot act, Homeland act and Privacy..9
Conclusions and recommendations..10

Works cited .12

Introduction
Homeland security is a basic right that should be provided by the government to its citizens. This has led to enactment of several clauses in the constitution all aiming at enhancing security of each and every person. Also, from the bills of rights provided to the citizens by the constitution, every citizen is entitled to basic and proper security as a right. This is what has led to enactment of constitutional rights on homeland security.
After September 11 attack on the US ...

Toward a Happy Medium: Maintaining Balance Between America’s Right to Liberty and Need for Security Through the Fourth Amendment

Abstract

The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution is near the heart of the American model of civil liberty. In no other amendment do the notions of liberty and security rest at such delicate legal counterpoints. Maintaining balance between the two is a constant challenge. Decisions in landmark cases in the last half of the 20th century helped to affirm important Fourth Amendment principles and protections concerning search and seizure, drug testing and probable cause. But in the post-9/11 world, Americans’ right to ...

The paper will focus on examining the tools that are enacted in the United States to help fight against organized crime and terrorism in which diplomacy, criminal law, financial control, military force and intelligences are all critical components that need to work correlated and coordinated. The thesis of this paper is that in every counterterrorism toll beside the advantages there are many disadvantages and controversy present. The important documents accepted in the recent time regarding the counterterrorism will be examined with the main focus on the Patriot Act. The negative and positive sides of the use of wiretapping, metadata, ...

Arunabha Banerjee

Senior Associate, Corporate & Compliance Solutions, Thomson Reuters
Abstract
The enactment of the USA-Patriot Act in the wake of the 9/11 incident has caused much furor. However, we cannot afford to be short sighted in our analysis by focusing excessively on the threats posed to the individual liberties and notions of privacy. In spite of the aggressive intrusions in various aspects, the law also comes with adequate safeguards and rests on a solid foundation of accountability. If the administration remains careful regarding certain aspects of the implementation process, this piece of legislation can become an effective tool in combating ...

Abstract

This paper will discuss the emergence of national security policies and laws in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Prior to these attacks, there was relatively little coordination between different government agencies and branches with regards to counterterrorism. But the 9/11 attacks led to significant changes. All three government branches are highly involved in national security measures and interests. Congress responded by passing very important statutes to augment the government’s authority to conduct and investigate terrorist threats and apprehend suspects. These statutes reflect the practical difficulties of apprehending and prosecuting terrorists. Terrorism is unique in that if ...

Introduction

The National Security Agency (NSA) is the largest intelligence agency of USA that gathers information to detect any potential threat to USA. Recently in 2013, it created a lot of buzz when Edward Snowden, a former NSA contractor, revealed to the media about the clandestine surveillance programs of the NSA (NCPA 2014). According to the documents leaked by Snowden, the NSA spies on over a billion of people worldwide by intercepting their calls. Not only that, the NSA has access to the phone records of all the American citizens for the purpose of mass surveillance. It was also revealed that PRISM, the ...

Understanding that ethics is extremely vital in public safety is something that many are not aware of or don not recognizing the significance. Ethics in public safety should be considered deeply especially when organizations are planning operation. However, some think that some polices that are recognized in the public safety sector, promotes and permits unprincipled behavior; for instance the USA Patriot Act. This act was approved by Congress as a reply to the terrible terrorist attack that took place on September 11, 2001. Research shows that this act permits federal officials bigger authority in intercepting and tracking communications, both for ...

For the past two decades, terrorism has proved to be the biggest threat to peace and security across the world and since the 9/11 attacks on the US soil, America and other countries have stepped up their anti-terrorist measures to prevent any future terrorist attacks. The government agencies tasked with these anti-terrorist measures claim that the techniques they use to collect data such as wiretapping and metadata collection help them pinpoint terrorists and their plans before an attack is planned and thus prevent them from happening. However since the Snowden leaks, these techniques have come under tremendous scrutiny. Internet ...

PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act of 2011 allows for roving wiretaps similar to the ECPA, effectively enabling spies to intercept a suspect’s electronic and wire communications associated to suspect conduct under the PATRIOT Act 2000, regardless of their location. This helps track suspects who move from phone booth, handset or computer to computer multiple times in order to foil tacking efforts. Roving wiretapping necessitates interception of email communications (without naming the communications carrier and other third parties involved in the tap). Section 209 allows stored voice mail to be treated as data as defined under section 2703 as against intercepts ...

Around the world, the United States Army is one of the strongest war forces. They face many instances of war because many countries see the United States as the “world power” in the economical and political arena. As such, the country needed to create an army that would stand up to any other country in time of war. The United States faced threats from all over the world because of their role as a member of the United Nations group of allies. From as early as 1917, the United States improved on their weaponry and formed one of the most ...

Government Survaillance is unconstitutional and should not be conducted. It deprives citizens their right of liberty. Peolpe’s privacy should not be sacrificed for the sake of security.
Security concerns have often been used to justify a breach of citizens’ privacy. Law enforcement groups have created different measures such as the use of surveillance cameras including in many public places to monitor the activities of unsuspecting citizens. In the surveillance process, the agencies involved use high-tech machines. These devices are controlled from a private area and are mostly invisible to the public (Norris, 2010). The tools are made in ...

Criminal Infrastructure and Key Resources

Homeland Security: Criminal Infrastructure and Key Resources
The national program has policies to unify infrastructure through enhanced protection under the National CIKR (Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources). The main purpose of the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) is to protect the United States against any possible attempts by terrorists trying to cause damage to National CIKR. Three legislative orders were created, which were the Patriot Act of 2001, the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and the 9/11 Commission Recommendations Implementtion Act of 2007. The goal was to make the United States a safer, more secure and more resilient country ( ...

Abstract

One of the issues that have garnered massive media attention is terrorism. Terrorists have attacked various places causing massive loss of human life and property. The September 11 attack on America signalled to its administration that it had to re-examine its security policies. It believed that the attack was instigated by its ignominy to control the security situation in within its jurisdiction and undoubtedly the citizens’ overprotection by the constitution. The government made a decision to severely scrutinize the citizens. The previous privacy that the 4th constitutional amendment granted the Americans was later disregarded and president bush took it to ...

Ever since the coordinated attacks of the September 11, 2001, America has been put through an enormous number of changes. The man who is primarily believed to have caused the September 11, 2001 attack is believed to be Osama Bin Laden. He is considered by the American government to be the mastermind of the attacks that brought down the Twin Towers in the city of New York. Some of the changes that can be identified are related to the security. Furthermore, intelligence reports that have been carried out by the American security forces indicate that Osama Bin Laden is ...

Abstract

The presidency of George.W. Bush has been one of the most criticized and controversial of all American presidencies. Although he is known widely for his misadventures in the war against terror, Bush enacted some important domestic and international policies that has had wide reaching impacts on the foreign policy and the economy of the country. An assessment of his policies on war, education, healthcare, immigration and humanitarian efforts portray of picture of a president who took tough decisions during difficult times. Some of his decisions were criticized heavily and led to a dip in his popularity ratings and some are still ...

Abstract

The project deals with changes in the federal law enforcement since 9/11 attacks. The opening paragraphs induct into the political microclimate of the early 2000s and the rationales behind the 2001 terrorist attacks. Further sections give insight into improvements and changes made by the Department of Justice, one of principal law enforcement agencies, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, its subordinate agency, and police. The paper reflects the opinion of prominent security experts, accomplished writers, and governmental officials.
Keywords: security, counterterrorism, attack, law, enforcement, bureau, police, justice
Being a big geopolitical player that it is, the USA has its ...

Political Science

An in Depth view of the Department of Homeland Security
History of the Department of Homeland Security
The Department of Homeland Security was brought about by the tragedy of the September 21 terrorist attack of the Al-Qaeda group. It was during this time the two airplanes purposely targeted to cause destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington D.C. This event was regarded as the worst act of terrorism in America after the loss of 3,000 innocent lives. It was during this difficult time that the world grieved for America ...

The term representation is used to refer to the construction of meaning through various symbols and images (Sisler, 2008). Cultures, races, and religions are represented in different forms of media around the world, but in most scenarios these representations are filled with stereotypes making western cultural ideologies and beliefs as better or ideal compared to other forms of cultural ideologies. The portrayal of Arab- Muslim Americans or Muslims in general, within the media of the United States focuses on the idea of agenda setting and the dominant ideology which frames the perceptions of mainstream America (Gerhauser, 2014).
The United ...

Since September 11, 2001 and the beginning of the War on Terror, the United States has become heavily focused on combating terrorism, both at home and abroad (Greenwald). However, unfortunately for the American people, combating terror has come to be largely synonymous with collecting intelligence on the American people. Never has this become so apparent as it was after Edward Snowden, who worked for a contractor with the United States government, downloaded 1.5 million files from his employer and turned these files over to the American media.
The resulting firestorm changed almost everything. Snowden is now in exile, condemned ...

I. Introduction
Ever since National Security Agency (NSA) contractor Edward Snowden leaked a cache of documents detailing the NSA’s comprehensive electronic reconnaissance program in June 2013, mass electronic surveillance and the ability of the government to intercept and access communication around the world have been of the hottest public policy topics in the nation. The focus of the debate centers on the tension between privacy and security. On the one hand, privacy advocates argue that while the Founding Fathers had not explicitly stated that Americans had a “right to be left alone,” various rights at common law and provisions ...

The history of racism and discrimination is a common occurrence in various parts of the globe since the early civilizations. Many people were persecuted because of their religion, race, belief, and sometimes, because of their skin color. Westerners had developed this thinking when the colonialization period took place, and as they navigated towards the east. Each country has its own history of racial discrimination and even though it is deemed as an act against human rights, there are still racist thinking amongst people especially if certain events that has been perpetuated by a specific race or group. These days, people who ...

Introduction

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) is an Act of Congress passed in 1978 and signed by the then President Jimmy Carter. The Act stipulates the procedures to be followed when obtaining intelligence from foreign powers and agents of foreign powers both physically and electronically. The Act has been amended severally. In 2001, it was amended to involve groups and terrorist organizations not supported by foreign governments in an Act called the USA PATRIOT Act. A further amendment was done in 2007 to overhaul most of the provisions, in the Act called Protect America Act. A final amendment was ...

Introduction

This paper covers the Saratoga campaign of the Revolutionary War. The paper describes the tactics, leaders, battles, as wells the consequences of the battle. Saratoga campaign of the revolutionary war occurred in 1777. It was as a result of the British high command attempting to gain the military control of the Hudson River.
The river valley was located in North America. The British were aiming to conquer the Americans and expand their personal interests. For example, gaining economic power and showing other nations the strength of their military. The period was marked by the American Revolutionary War (Corbett 38). ...

Since the adoption of the Patriot Act 2 on October 2001, strict measures such as the detention of foreigners suspected of a security breach, electronic surveillance of individuals through databases, authentication identities through biometrics, technologization border controls, among others, are presented in political discourse of the USA. The US security and media are the latest techniques in the fight against terrorism. Most Americans feel that these measures are contemporary to the fight against terrorism. In fact, this impression is the product of the effects of language games made by the administration and the media as the rhetoric and imagery ...

Since September 11, 2001 and the beginning of the War on Terror, the United States has become heavily focused on combating terrorism, both at home and abroad (Greenwald). However, unfortunately for the American people, combating terror has come to be largely synonymous with collecting intelligence on the American people. Never has this become so apparent as it was after Edward Snowden, who worked for a contractor with the United States government, downloaded 1.5 million files from his employer and turned these files over to the American media.
The resulting firestorm changed almost everything. Snowden is now in exile, condemned ...

Abstract

The term, Racial profiling, is usually practiced by law enforcement agencies in order to target people of particular race for investigation and enforcement in a disproportionate manner. Individuals as well as some particular groups are targeted by the law enforcement agencies in such practices and they are subjected to various unjustifiable sufferings. This paper intends to discuss different aspects of racial profiling, role of TSA, Police and other enforcement agencies, along with discussing the impact of racial profiling on Muslims, Arabs, Hispanics, and other American minorities after 9/11. The paper presents a detailed background of ethical profiling, why and when it ...

TITTLE

On September 11, 2001, nineteen captors stole control of four passenger jets passing from U.S. airports. Two planes crashed the two towers of the World Trade Center in New York, the third plane crashed on the Pentagon, and with the fourth plane, US had successful recourse and crashed in an unfilled land. Overall, approximately 3,000 people passed, and the fault was directly engaged with the Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda.
("American Muslims Since 9/11 | Wilson Center." xx-xx)
This paper will try to explain what the consequences on the life of Muslim society in US had this attack, ...

Writers Name

Born on the 14th day in the month of January 1741 in Norwich Benedict Arnold legacy has run for centuries. Generations after a generation, his life history continues to be taught and passed. Born to a successful businessman, Arnold was expected to be learned son just like the other children from rich families. However, the life of Arnold took another turn when his father got into alcoholism after two of his children succumbed to yellow fever. This got the family into a deeper financial problem which saw Arnold drop out of school.
Arnold’s life took another turn after these episodes ...

- Introduction
The 9/11 terrorist attacks by the al-Qaida on American soil brought out the weakness of the Government’s fight against terrorism and resulted in a shift, in the major paradigm shift in the counterterrorism tactics and policies. Initially America had played a very passive role in the war against terrorism because the government never thought that terrorism would affect America (Adams, Nordhaus and Shellenberger). In other words, America, being a super power, felt indisposed and safe from any terrorism. “In the wake of the 9/11 attacks, President George W. Bush declared a global war on terror and initiated a series of ...

Discrimination may have several definitions. The idea that different persons receive different treatment from the society or its agents explains the existence of discrimination. However, the concept of discrimination is quite multifaceted. The basis under which an individual is discriminated upon may range from gender, race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, age and in some cases political affiliation. It is the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 that shifted the concept of discrimination based on race and religion. Racial and religious profiling has since taken center stage in the defining 21st century discrimination . The act of terrorism on the September 11th, ...