Pipeline Research Papers Samples For Students

What is it?

The Keystone Pipeline consists of a nearly 2,000-mile oil pipeline. Built in four phases, the last of which awaits presidential approval and perhaps, the most divisive, the Keystone XL built from Alberta, Canada to a hub in Nebraska, that would send the oil to be refined to the Gulf coast of Texas by Canadian company, TransCanada. The prized Alberta oil sands holds roughly 168 billion recoverable barrels of heavy crude called bitumen. This project would traverse across six states.

What are the PROS and CONS of the Keystone Pipeline?

In this paper, the pros and cons of the Keystone Pipeline would be analyzed, a topic that has become a divisive issue for ...

Introduction.

The cross-country pipelines, which cover most parts of US transverse through terrains of forests, crop fields, rivers, deserts, off shores, hills, and populated areas. Any malfunction of these pipelines implies a devastating effect on the environment. This means that designing the pipelines require skills, and a consideration of social and environmental aspect along with other technological alternatives. Environmentalists view pipelines as high risk potential sources of environmental degradation from oil spillages and raptures (Flora, 2005). Economists and policy makers, on the other hand, view them as the cheapest and safest means of fossil fuel delivery. This has posed a debate on environmental ...

INTRODUCTION

The northern gateway pipeline is a proposed twin pipeline project aimed at transporting crude oil and natural gas condensate between the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Alberta. This pipeline is postulated to be about 1177 kilometers in length. The company contracted to build this pipeline is Enbridge Company which is based in Canada. The western pipeline of the twin will be expected to transport crude oil from British Columbia to Alberta from refining while natural gas condensate will be transported in the eastern twin line to British Columbia to dilute the crude oil for transportation.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON CANADA THAT RELATES TO YOUR TOPIC:

In the past, Canada ...

The United States energy needs are higher than she can produce. Latin America is a region that includes the Caribbean. This region was a creation of the Latin European colonists. This term was coined by a French Geographer in the 19th century. It included about twenty three colonies such as Brazil, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Haiti among others. These nations were colonial territories of the France, Spain and Portugal. Their language is not English but Romance and the European languages dominate the region. Most of the people inhabiting the Latin American region are Roman Catholic followers.
Latin America started by the coming ...

Research Paper: Should New Pipelines be Built to Transport Alberta Oil?

The construction of new oil pipelines to transport Alberta oil received mixed reactions since its conception. There are those who believed that the new development would be of profound benefits to the Canadian economy and that of the entire world. Transporting oil beyond United States and Russia was a dream that this country wanted to come true. On the other hand, some of the Canadians, United States citizens and environmental activists strongly opposed this move on the basis that it posed more risks to the environment than the benefits. These contrasting positions sparked heated debates among various stakeholder and parties ...

I have reviewed your memo regarding our client Howdy Brewster which describes his business activities and the recent events which may impact his 2011 Federal Tax Return. Here is a review of the factual information about Brewster which pertains to the income tax questions. His business is an eight hundred fifty acre farm and dairy operation. About 150 Holstein milk cows are part of the dairy operation. Approximately 150 Black Angus steers are raised to sell. Brewster has one part-time employee. He employs his two teen-age sons for the daily farm work. The land has been in the family for ...

I have reviewed your memo regarding our client Howdy Brewster describing his business activities and the recent events which have occurred that could have an impact on his 2011 tax returns. His business is a farm and dairy operation on 850 acres of land. The land has been in the family for close to 125 years. There are three existing houses on his property.

Mr. Brewster recently signed a contract with Aztec Oil and Gas Pipeline to allow the company to lease a portion of his land in order to run a pipeline; Aztec will need access to maintain the pipeline over its ...

Introduction

Caspian pipeline is a group of people who have come into an agreement and pipeline that ships Caspian oil to Novorossiysk, which is the Marine lethal, which is found the Black Sea of Russia coast from Tengiz grounds. Additionally, it is utilized as the chief oil way for exportation from two Fields. It makes the sole pipeline for oil exportation in Russia despite the fact that it is not fully possessed by the Transneft as at the year 2009.

The Caspian Pipeline Consortium was initiated in the year 1992, and Eni has been part of it since its commencement. It ...

Fig 1: NDRC Techniques

Introduction

Non-Disruptive Road Crossings are manuals which outline unifying and standardizing measures of Road Engineering Practices. The significant objective of the project is to enhance the management, planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of all roads and related infrastructures to ensure a safe and uniform operational and structural capacity throughout the road network in Dubai. The complexity in road construction and to some point other engineering projects leaves very little to be argued about on their significance with respect to the influence they have on the environment. It is a fact that projects like roads, bridges, and dams ...

710 Expansion

Introduction

For over forty years the planning of extension of 710 state routes has been in the planning, the main aim was to ease traffic congestion and to facilitate air quality within the metropolitan area of Los Angeles County .The department of transportation in California and metropolitan transportation authority of the county of Los Angeles came up with proposal of a tunnel concept by extending the SR-710.With over 15.2 m in diameter and 17.7 km in length, the tunnel would stand to be among the world’s largest highway tunnels .This project has been challenged by a lot of opposition ...

Introduction

Russia is a huge producer of oil and gas. It is the second largest producer and exporter of oil, and the largest producer and exporter of natural gas (Winfrey, 2010). Its economy largely depends on its oil and gas reserves. The funds acquired from its oil and gas reserves have greatly contributed to the survival of its political system. Boix (2004) argues that there are no examples of a successful transition to democracy in a country in which the contribution of the oil in the country’s export income is more than one third, and it seems to be alarming situation for ...

Design principles

The ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machine which is the architecture that is used to build processors. One of the ARM architectures is ARMv6. The development of this architecture was due to the need to enhance the various constraints that have been of great concern for the development of the ARM architecture. The main issue of concern of the Next generation architectures has been the need to meet the needs of the market which keep on evolving. The different parameters like speed, performance, power, and cost should be the determining factors in the design and development of architectures. ARM ...

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Introduction

The Children's Defense Fund (CDF) is a child support organization which started functioning in 1973. It is chartered for other than money-making activities. CDF has made relentless contributions in child advocacy for more than four decades in order to make sure that every child has a level playing field. It supports and promotes policies and programs for the uplifting of children who belong to poor background and/or have experienced abusive behaviors. Thus, The Children’s Defense Fund makes the accessibility to health care, excellent schooling and an ethical and spiritual base certain for all children. CDF does so ...

INTRODUCTION

In order to understand the term ‘talent management’, it is crucial to understand the term talent. Since the term ‘talent’ has no particular definition, it is said to be a combination of skills, knowledge, values and abilities possessed by people. Talent has been defined as individuals having the ability and skills to influence the overall performance and change the organization image and performance level (Pageup People, 2008).
For an organization to have an effective workforce, it must manage its workforce and allow them to enhance their potential. Thus, the concept of talent management came into existence. Talent management is ...

Introduction

The nationwide pipeline system in the USA has been constructed to transport the natural gas, oil, and refined petroleum products. This constitutes about 71% of the refined products and oils are being transported with about 100% natural gas of the consumption in the USA. The three sectors that are involved in the transportation of these energy products are; operators of the gas transmission pipelines, operators of hazardous liquids in the pipeline and the distributors of gas utilities. An approximate of 299,000 miles and 171,000 miles are offshore gas transmission and liquid onshore pipelines respectively. This operates in ...

A purchasing officer has many duties to perform on a daily basis. The responsibility of a purchasing officer is in high regard because of the process and responsibilities that are required. The officer has authority over the ordering and maintain the merchandise supply. Decisions of the purchasing officer are required when handling various ordering and financing of merchandise. This position is important for any company, and this individual should be trustworthy, and loyal. Should purchasing officers have legal authority? In regards to the duties required for a purchasing officer what types of legal authority is present, and should this ...

Natural gas represents a gases mixture that can be found in the ground and is created by the way of organic substances decomposition of anaerobic character. Typically, this type of gas is a mix of gaseous hydrocarbons, such as butane, ethane, methane, propane, etc., which is found in the earth's crust. It is broadly utilized as a fuel of very economical kind for various power plants in the glass and cement industry, nonferrous and ferrous metallurgy, building materials production and for household needs. It is also used as raw component for various organic compounds.
This type of gas is a mineral deposit ...

Introduction

Emission of the toxic substance by industries is common all over the world. Toxic substances are emitted daily by industries and anthropogenic activities. Toxic substances are categorized into three categories namely organic, inorganic and metallic compounds. Examples of organic, inorganic and metallic compounds are methane, sulfate and mercury respectively. There have been reports of these substances having negative effects on the environment. Substances like methane are responsible for increased atmospheric temperature. Sulfates affect soil. Sulfates combine with atmospheric water to form acid water. Acid water has a negative effect of soil and microorganism living in it. Mercury, on the other ...

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Introduction
In the 21st century, two facts will pose significant threats to the global economy. One, the demand for energy across the globe will grow by at least 50 percent by 2030, and the use of non-renewable energy sources will continue to be the main source of energy, supplying 86 percent of global demand. Alberta, Canada is in a prime position to capture a major part of the global energy demand market. Located in the western part of Canada, Alberta is second only to Saudi Arabia in identified energy reserves among the global market players.
Majority ...

Management

Introduction
The oil and gas sector of the United States of America supplies around 65 percent of U.S. energy. This sector includes petroleum refining and gas and oil extraction industry. Globally, the United States of America accounts for more than 500,000 producing wells for petroleum and has around 4000 natural gas and oil platforms. It is the third largest producer of petroleum in the world. In total, this country has around 144 refineries which produce crude oil of more than 17 million barrels daily (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).
There have been several factors like alternative fuels, ...

Introduction

This research paper examines and discusses three aspects of juvenile crime. The first is the association between child abuse/neglect and juvenile delinquency and possible remedies. The second is how to deal with the growing social problem of juvenile gangs in the U.S., and third and final aspect is that of the link between low educational achievement and delinquency and the possible changes that could help overcome that problem.

The Research

The Link Between Child Abuse and Juvenile Crime. According to Widom (2002), the link between juvenile delinquency and violent behaviour has been increasingly recognized in the last two or three decades. ...

Introduction

Conventional energy sources are commonly non-renewable energy sources these sources are used since long time. Conventional energy sources are used in such extensively way that known reserves are reduced by a great extent. Now it has become more difficult to exploit and discover new deposits of conventional energy sources . It is known that petroleum deposits of our country would be exhausted in few decades while the coal reserves will last for hundred years. The petroleum, natural gas and coal are known conventional energy sources. These three sources account almost 80 percent of total energy sources.

Global energy demand is projected ...

Research

As the first step to gain insight to the attitude of the company towards gender awareness, a content analysis was carried out on what information was available in the media regarding Oracle Corp and gender awareness.

Method

Analysis
A 2014 survey of top companies conducted by Calvert Investments found that Oracle Corp had one of the most developed diversity programs in place . The company scored a 90 out of possible 100 points which indicated that their diversity program had strong performance metrics and they were proactively working towards a fully inclusive workplace. The survey assessed the companies on several criteria. ...

Succession plans are necessary in every organization no matter how convincing the organization’s future appears. A succession plan enables a company plan for uncertainties such as disaster, illness or a vacancy as well as planning for leadership. It gives employees the opportunity to share their views and reinforce the relations existing within departments. Succession planning involves assessing and determining internal employees that are suitable to fill up each significant position within the organization and the decision to groom them for such interesting roles through developing their skills as well as abilities (Charan, Drotter, James, 2001). To come up ...

Introduction

History of Enron is a story that started very well. It was a real business with a tremendous reputation. It had created a market for trading. The best people worked there. Enron Corporation was a giant of American energy industry. Prior to its bankruptcy December 2, 2001, Enron had about 22 000 employees and was one of the world’s important manufacturer of electricity, natural gas, communications, and the owner of the pulp and paper companies, with revenues of nearly $101 billion in 2000. In general, who does not hear about Enron? It is the most scandalous president deception with huge number of shareholders ...

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Enron was believed to be one of the leading, innovative corporations of the world. The company that received the “America’s Most Innovative Company” award for six years in a row by Fortune magazine saw a sudden fall in 2001 and shocked the entire industry. The fall of the giant corporation did not only affect the industry but also shattered the dreams of the employees and stockholders of the company who had been bedazzled by the great profits.
The factors behind the fall of this huge corporations were never identified before ...

AMR Corporation

- AMR Corporation is a conglomerate airline company incorporated in Delaware, October 1982. AMR’s principal subsidiary is American Airlines, founded in 1934.
- The name of AMR’s external auditing firm was Ernst & Young LLP, Dallas Texas office.
- The main reason for the bankruptcy filing was to restructure the debt and costs that had become a competitive disadvantage to AMR. Labor costs, volatile fuel prices, and economic uncertainty were the main drivers in this cost disadvantage. Furthermore, AMR’s competitors had previously filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in order to accomplish the same goals through restructuring.
...

Military reluctance towards the report implementation

Military branches have shown reluctance due the feasibility of the report DSB proposed for implementations. The report is very illustrative on the solutions but there are the loopholes the report possesses. Historically the military have trained for the incidents where there is an immediate response to the crisis at hand. The implementation of the report means new methods of the tackling shortages of energy supplies among others. Most of the military equipment is old. The systems that were made earlier are old but still used in the running of the business of the military.
The military is overwhelmed ...

The Los Angeles Independent Media Center a non-commercial local unit of the Independent Media Center or Indy media which is a collective network of journalists aimed at reporting on different socio-political issues. The website of the Los Angeles Independent Media Center features and shares left wing issues on the web to spread awareness of the events. They have a wide-ranging left wing issues segmented into different categories from anti-war to immigration and animals rights. Some of the left-wing issues covered in the website includes the following:
i) One of the most debatable issues today is the consumption of genetically modified foods which ...

Research paper

Education institution
Which of the components of the petroleum energy sector: refineries or transportation is more vulnerable? Do you think refineries is and why?
In the question, regarding the petroleum infrastructure, refineries is definitely a more vulnerable component, than the transportation pipelines, thus more valuable. When talking about the possible threats these two segments might face, we can start with a simple power or natural gas shortage, and end with a natural cataclysm or a terrorist attack, which can physically damage or even demolish the plant or a pipeline itself. But there is one big difference between the consequences of such possible ...

The answer for question one is not entirely right. The sector of distribution has been given to be the most vulnerable sector of the petroleum industry. Terrorism and natural disasters have been highlighted as the major threats to distribution. Terrorist attacks can however be made even on refineries. Natural disasters would also interfere adversely with refinery plants and the process of exploration. From my point of view, it is the refinery sector that is most vulnerable. A single terrorist strike in a refinery would cause a big crisis compared to distribution that can be substituted by other channels. The use of ...

Nuclear Power Potential in the Caspian Sea Region

Nuclear power seems to be a viable and economic option (Anker et al., 2010) for the countries around the Caspian Sea Region to take advantage of. There are a lot of reasons actually why that is so and two of the most common reasons are nuclear power’s clean nature with no greenhouse gas emissions and it being a reliable source of energy compared to energy generated from combusted fossil fuels.
Aside from this, there are still other undiscovered and uncovered benefits of Nuclear Power. However, there are dangers in using this promising technology. At present, it is not really recommended ...

Introduction

Computer technology has displayed immense growth rate. These include processor developments alongside memories. Indeed, it is the technology improvements that have kick started the computer industry Mid 1980s and early 1990s, saw new great performance RISC microprocessors appearing, which was rather influenced by CPU models similar to discrete RISC like the IBM801. RISC microprocessors were first used in special purpose computers and UNIX workstations, though it gained acceptance in other areas. HP unveiled its first system containing a PA-RISC CPU.MIPS computers unveiled the first commercial RISC microprocessor design which was 32-bit R2000.
Storage of big programs in memory became a ...