Soil Research Papers Samples For Students

Introduction

Water pollution is a term that refers to the contamination of water in water bodies. These water bodies include the oceans, lakes, rivers, aquifers, and groundwater. Ideally, water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged in a direct or indirect way into the water bodies without appropriate measures of treatment to eradicate them (Goel 14). Some of these pollutants are categorized as chemicals, as well as, other foreign substances that are deemed to be detrimental to the general plant, animal and human health. Precisely, some of these substances include fertilizers, pesticides that are evolved from the runoffs in the agricultural field and ...

Administrative Expenses:

Administrative expenses accounts for one of the maximum share in total expense of the Airport. By the end of 2013, the actual administrative expenses were $73950. The list of expenses that are part of Administrative Expenses are:
Referring to Phase I, assuming inflation growth of 1.15 per year, the total administrative expense by the end of Phase I were $549658. Similarly, during Phase II and final Phase, the administrative expenses amounted to $610035 and $677044, respectively.
Overall, all the projections were carried out assuming an inflation rate of 1.15%.

Liability Insurance Expenses:

The total liability insurance expense of the company ...

Cultural syncretism occurred in some societies, in the course of history. The introduction of new cultures in some societies would change the shape of the societies in a number of ways. Western Europe became the power house as it used to dominate the other countries and nations around the world. European domination in Africa and Americas was well received, and did not face the resistance met in India and China. The success of the Europeans in Africa and Americas could not be replicated in China and India.
In Africa and the America, there were various tribes with divergent views; ...

Abstract

The present paper examined water quality and contamination. The three experiments were conducted to find the effects of different pollutants on groundwater, processes of water treatment, and quality of bottled water. The contamination of groundwater was observed to evaluate the result of vitiating environment that has to be protected to ensure a safe future for the progeny. Water treatment processes have to be effective as well as economical, so that people in general worldwide can be benefitted. Treatment method like filtration has researched out for the benefit of people at large. Bottled water was analyzed considering safe for drinking. The ...

Global scenario and California

Global scenario and California
Water is a precious nonrenewable resource. It is limited in quantity and serves the entire humanity, and all living beings on earth. A man can survive without water for only three days. Many problems on earth are attributed to increasing population and water scarcity is one of them. The exponential growth of the human population not only endangers other living things on earth but also deprives them of essential requirements like clean water, clean air, and a safe habitat to live. Water as a resource is under threat because it is contaminated, misused, wasted, and lost in ...

Water is a precious resource. A man may survive not more than three days without water. All living beings, vegetation, and humans thrive in places where there is abundance of water. Until recently, people assumed that water had been an unending resource. In the present time water shortages, frequent droughts, global climatic changes forcing irregular seasons and rains are forcing us to reconsider our misnomers about water. In developing nations, the daily water requirement of the poor are not met while in developed nations water shortages are hindering industrial activities and farmlands. This paper tries to look at the water ...

Natural gas represents a gases mixture that can be found in the ground and is created by the way of organic substances decomposition of anaerobic character. Typically, this type of gas is a mix of gaseous hydrocarbons, such as butane, ethane, methane, propane, etc., which is found in the earth's crust. It is broadly utilized as a fuel of very economical kind for various power plants in the glass and cement industry, nonferrous and ferrous metallurgy, building materials production and for household needs. It is also used as raw component for various organic compounds.
This type of gas is a mineral deposit ...

Soils are an effective medium of treatment for septic system effluent because they contain complex biological communities. A tablespoon of soil may contain over a million of microscopic organisms including protozoa, molds, fungi, bacteria and other creatures. The microorganisms and bacteria in the soil purify the water before it reaches the underground water. The septic effluent must pass through the soil gradually enough to provide adequate contact with microorganisms. One of the major components in wastewater effluent is nitrogen which exists in different forms. These forms include nitrates (NO3), ammonia (NH3), and nitrites (NO2). Nitrates are essential plant nutrients, but ...

Landfill mining and excavation is a process involving processing and excavation of previously landfilled solid wastes. Processing involves a cycle of mechanical processing operations that are premeditated to recover recyclable materials, landfill space, soil and a combustible fraction. Equipment used in landfill mining and excavation are screens, excavators, and conveyors. Therefore, landfill mining uses conventional soil excavating and processing techniques. The process used by landfill has six phases; excavate and separate landfill material into the soil, combustible and residual materials, recyclables, remove and disposal of wastes, remediate soil, refill to bring the intended site to reline or grade, and monitor after completion ...

Dust Bowl in the Great Plains

ABSTRACT
The nineteen thirties was the time of great tragedy and crisis in America. Together with the recession that hit its economic fields, an ecological and agricultural problem came next as drought brought the Dust Bowl. It was caused by environmental changes and man-made land degradation. The effects of the Dust Bowl added to the recession and downfall of the American economy, but have resulted to the development of technologies that helped agriculture. It was a remarkable moment for the west as it moulded what it is and where it is in the map of the world today.

INTRODUCTION

The ...

Why is the H1 bus speed 31.25kbps, not something different, suitable for closed loop digital

control?
The H1 bus speed is not suitable for automated machinery control and is good for closed loop control within the automation process. In automation process cycle is working with a period of 0.25 to 1.0 seconds and only 50 transactions are available. Unscheduled messages have more transactions then a single bus segment. Bus speed of 31.25kbps was chosen as a binary fraction with 1MHz oscillated crystal with the division of 32.

Is the digital signal susceptible to noise? If so, how can it be reduced?

Digital signal is suitable for noise, but not that hard as an analogue signal.
The fieldbus pair uses twisted cable that are balanced above the ground. They are ...

Abstract

Aviation is a crucial component of any nation’s economy. It provides transportation and movement of goods and people from all over world, for business, imports, exports, and tourism. However, these economic benefits must be weighed against the local and global environmental impacts of this industry. There has been a remarkable effect on the global carbon emissions, and this trend is feared to multiply as more people travel by air in the modern world. The U.S. transportation system alleges that there has been an increase of up to six-fold in the aircraft mobility for the last 35 years.

Introduction

Air and noise ...

Cranes have contributed to the rise of civilization for many years in the construction industry. The ancient Greeks invented the first crane sometime in the sixth century as a tool to lift massive loads. According to Chiu (42), such evidence that points to the use of cranes by the Greeks can be found on distinct holes that are visible on stones, which indicate the use of a form of lifting mechanism. Back in those days, the basic features of the crane included an elongated wooden beam, which was attached to a rotating base and a rope attached around a drum that was driven by a ...

Introduction

The original goal of this report is to provide essential reasons about why such business might have necessitated in our area and how people can have varieties of fresh produce without any seasonal barriers. Populations of these cities are growing day by day, and most of the lands are going under housing projects, so the farming lands undergo destruction for housings. Hydroponics is the solution. It can benefit us with so many other factors such as, no need for workers, no need for lands, no needs for large investments and (etc.) (Guffey& Loewy, 310).

Land and water are becoming ...

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The location of Puerco River is in northwestern part of New Mexico and northeastern Arizona. It runs through the Painted Dessert. It use up an area of roughly 2,654 square miles and its length is 167 miles. Its average release is less than 70 cubic feet per second in usual years since its drainage basin is very dry. The river runs through the country of Bernalilio, Cibola, McKinley, Rio Arriba, Sandoval, Socorro and Valencia. The quality of water of Puerco River has been a worry within and outside New Mexico. For ...

The physical environment involves all things that make up the area. This includes the mountains, rivers, forests and all other natural components in the environment. The area of South and East Asia is one consisting some of the most remarkable physical features in the world (Shaw, 1). South and East Asia can be classified into three main regions; the highlands, which include the mountains such as the Himalayas, the plateaus and the basins formed by the rivers such as the Ganges river (Hobbs, 266).
The physical environment of South and East Asia is one that has undergone the ...

The age of the earth is something that a lot of scientists, particularly geologists, archaeologists, and paleontologists, have continuously theorized. According to a recent geologic time scale, the earth is estimated to be around four point fifty four billion years old `. There are numerous theories that are currently being studied as to what is the most accurate means of knowing the chronological age of the earth. It is also important to mention that because of the number of theories surrounding the true age of the earth, literatures have been filled with different values. For the purpose of uniformity, however, the rough ...

Mining and exploration of natural gases has increased in the recent years. This can be partly attributed to modern science and technology that has helped researchers and scientists develop new ways to conduct mining in areas that were otherwise considered inaccessible. As a result, pollution of natural resources by the mining industry has increased sharply. However, government efforts to protect its citizens from these dangerous environmental hazards have lagged behind resulting in a population that is open to dangerous diseases caused by pollution.
Hydraulic fracturing is a process used widely and extensively in the mining of natural gases. First, hundreds of ...

Water Supplies in Sun Valley, AZ

Sun Valley is located in Arizona. It is situated along interstate 40. It is 31.56 square miles. Sun Valley has different water supply options. Some of these options are groundwater, surface water and reclaimed water. Groundwater is water found beneath the ground. They are usually in rocks and pores of the soil. Sun Valley is supplied by Arizona’s water supply. Groundwaters that supply Sun Valley are aquifers and wells. Main aquifers in Arizona are stream alluvial and basins fill. Ground water can also be sourced from sedimentary rock. Basin Fills are of three type’s namely carefree formation, ...

Cinnamon as a food substance is a spice that is obtained from the wild trees that belong from the Cinnamomum, which is found in the Caribbean regions, South Asia and South China. Over the recent years, there has been the emergence of two main types of cinnamon. Firstly, there has been the Cinnamomum aromaticum that is common in the Southern China and the surrounding parts and Cinnamomum Verum which is common in the Western parts of Europe. It is worth to record and note that cinnamon has been in existence and has been consumed for the last two thousand years. A ...

In the Moreland School District community Gardening Program, there are various activities that the program seeks to achieve. The group mainly comprise of people who love and appreciates gardening. Their main aim is to provide a natural environment for both social and recreational opportunities. In addition, the programme seeks to produce inexpensive foods. The program is open for all people above the age of eighteen within the Moreland district. Outsiders are not allowed. People living in the same address may each have a personal plot that is rented at a fee ($ 125 per annum).
The program adheres to strict organic farming ...

Introduction

Tall buildings have held the fascination of human beings for a long time now. As the fight for space increases and the land available for urban consumptions keeps decreasing the tall buildings have become a reality everywhere in the world. Tall building hold a sway over the human minds and higher the buildings go the feeling of being in the sky increases. There is now an attempt to build the world’s tallest tower of 1 km in height is being made. The building when completed will be called the Kingdom Towers and is being constructed in Saudi Arabia. The construction is ...

TEMPRANILLO

Tempranillo is one of the grape varieties grown in various regions of the world for making wine. The grape species mature much earlier than the red grapes in Spain. Originally, Tempranillo was dry grown (Intrigliolo D. and Castel J, 2008). However, irrigation has increased drastically in Spain for the past few decades. Tempranillo was grown in Liberia in ancient times; when Phoenicians settled in Liberia.
There are several regions in the world that grow Tempranillo. The main ones include Spain and Portugal. However, it is also grown is some parts of USA and Australia. These regions have different ...

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8-October-2014

- Soil Nature
The nature of soil in 1000 Davis Ferry Road, Bowling Green, KY USA is further fully described in the first section of this paper. The typical soil in the farm is Baxter soil that is typical to this area of work. The surface layer of the farm soil upto about 8 inches on the surface is brown, gravely, silt loam soil. The further subsoil between 8 inches to about 15 inches is ...

The National Park is located in the Montezuma County of Colorado in the United States. This park is the largest and elemental archaeological preserve in the country. It was developed in 1906 by the then president to preserve the existent cliff dwellings. These cliff dwellings are among the park’s most and best preserved attractions. The park occupies around 81.4 square miles close to the Four Corners and has numerous ruins of villages and homes built by the Anasazi people, also known as the Ancient Pueblo people. The park features more than 600 cliff dwellings and has more than ...

Factories have always been seen as emitters of enormous smokes, which makes factories as major contributors of air pollution. But, aside from the air pollution, factories have been contributing to land pollution, as well as water pollution. These pollutions were mainly because of the emissions of harmful gases, mixing of toxic and hazardous chemicals on natural water resources, direct contact of harmful chemicals and wastes to surface soils (Peterson, para. 1). Moreover, although different factories produce different waste products, still, the environment is always at risk.
One of the most familiar effects of factories is how it contributes ...

Summary of the geotechnical and structural problems of the I-495 Bridge

The I-495 Bridge in Wilmington, Delaware experienced geotechnical and structural problems leading to its closure. According to structural engineers, the closure of the bridge was following an external force that caused the four pillars of the bridge to tilt. The 11-mile long bypass through the bridge remains closed for an unknown time. The tilting pillars were because of a shifting force on the earth surface, but the engineers had not yet identified the source. Engineers and workers are using shovels, and high-powered sensors to discover the main cause of the shifts on the ground (Nann, and Jeff 1).
After ...

Stand Your Ground Law, Racial Disparity, and Homicide Rates

There are racial inconsistencies all through the criminal equity framework. From a stop and search, to vehicle looks at activity stops, to sentencing and the requisition of capital punishment, African Americans excessively are reached by the criminal equity framework in bunch ways. Outstandingly, discovering a racial difference is not synonymous with discovering racial disparity. African Americans are more prone to live in thick, devastated spots, and neediness and isolation are unmistakably joined to criminal rate and predominance. Recognizing racial enmity inside racial incongruities is exceedingly troublesome with existing datasets that do exclude such key measures as setting and connection. Then again, ...

Developing nations are dependent on chemical pesticides to preserve their natural resources and to prevent insects from destroying valuable food crops. Each nation has to produce enough food to feed their population and also to rely on export that provide them with much need cash to sustain their economy. Some of these larger nations also are being depended on to provide other countries with food and sadly some are unable to keep up with such demands. The burden of providing enough food has become increasingly difficult for these nations over the past years because farmers who used to plant ...

Part I

The various foodstuffs, liquids and other substances that were tested for their basicity or acidity include; lemon juice, sprite, milk, green tea and shampoo. The shampoo liquid changed the blue litmus paper pink while the red litmus paper remained red. This indicated that shampoo is a weak acid. The lemon juice turned the blue litmus paper red while the red litmus remained red. Therefore, lemon juice is a strong acid and that is why it tests sour. In addition, sprite made the blue litmus paper turn pink while the red litmus paper remained red. On the other hand, the green tea was ...

Nursing: Class discussion.

A nurse’s duties are based on principles established centuries ago and thus are guided by a strict code of ethics. This limits the decisions available to a nurse as a health practitioner when in the line of duty and to some extent when even off duty as the Hippocratic Oath doesn’t specify that a nurse or any other medical practitioner must be in his or her line of duty so as to deliver the necessary responsibility. This has several implications on the decision options available to a nurse with regards to, or due to constraints imposed by, ethical and legal liability and ...

Geog 315: Assignment 2 Literature review

Introduction
The Tohoku magnitude-9 earthquake occurred on March 11th 2011. Its epicenter was on the undersea floor of the Pacific Ocean, about 45 miles (72 kilometers) east of Tohoku in northeastern Japan, and at a depth of about 20 miles (32 km). The cause was the sudden movement at the junction of two tectonic plates – the Eurasian Plate rising over the Pacific Plate. The tremors lasted about six minutes, and caused a huge and devastating tsunami. Huge waves reached Japan’s coastline less than an hour after the earthquake itself, and in some locations travelled inland as far as six ...

Introduction

The Polio virus was first identified by Landsteiner and Popper in the year 1908 as an etiological agent for poliomyelitis. The polio virus was the first virus to be grown in cultured cells which was in itself a great breakthrough leading to (1) development of a killed virus and a live attenuated vaccine; (2) physical and chemical characterization of the virion along with its assembly intermediates, and (3) the characterization of the virus life cycle within the infected cell . Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious disease which may be caused through a virus through the invasion of the nervous system. It is often spread through ...

Environmental concerns are always addressed in stable nations like the United States, but in countries with socio-economic and political problems such as Egypt, the government never takes care of the environmental issues. Water pollution in Egypt is one of the most threatening environmental concerns of the country. Water pollution affects the people’s healthy living standards as it reduces their ability to obtain and use water. Egypt is listed among the ten countries that are threatened by water crisis by 2025 due to the rapidly increasing rate of pollution in the water of the Nile River . About 97% of ...

Introduction

Spoilers may be defined as control surfaces that may be raised or lowered to interrupt the smooth airflow over the airfoil. This causes the separation of flow behind the spoiler. Flow separation causes a reduction in the lift of the airfoil, increasing its drag. When applied properly, these effects may be useful and may improve the flying qualities and controllability of the airplane (Mohammad, Ferdous, and Ome 1). Spoilers area hinged; plate-like structures installed to flush with the upper surface of an aircraft wing. The spoilers are hinged at one end to allow for a pivoted movement. When in action, spoilers ...

The incidences of landslides and earthquake in the areas around Washington Bay Area have been on the rise due to the nature of the rocks that make up the structures around these places. The torrential rains and the earthquakes have instilled fear among the residents from the regions within and around the weak fault line areas. It has, therefore, taken the interest of the risk analysts to create awareness on the looming risks that the residents around this place may encounter. Despite the fact that national standards for tracking landslide hazards are non-existent, ABAG has generated local maps that ...

The following is a green ordinance for Cloak City. The city shall be one of the Greenest cities in the world and shall be a global leader in the development of green cities across the world. The city has a population of about 80,000 people and is in its inception stage with plenty of ground to set up new infrastructure for the Central Business District. Other amenities such as office blocks, entertainment areas, administrative offices and all other city infrastructure including the residential buildings to be set up in the outskirts of the city, shall all adhere to several green performance ...

FedEx Corporation is a logistics provider, handling over millions of goods annually. It is one of the distinguished logistics company, with locations in most parts of the globe. The company rides on a culture of innovation and strategy aimed at fulfilling the needs of people. It is well established with a market share in ground services. Market share is a share of the market that particular brand controls (Cooper & Nakanishi, 1988). The market share has made the company record an impressive financial growth and rating due to an increase in ground services (FedEx profit Rises on Demand for Ground Shipments, 2014). This is ...

Being a concerned individual to our Mother Earth, one thing that I found to be the most interesting topic is about deforestation. Deforestation is one of the major impacts on the water cycle in local and global climates change. The long-term or permanent loss of forest covers when trees are removed to clear land for another use. The removal of trees in an area affects the weather in another area; if trees are cut down, less water evaporates in the atmosphere and less rain, as well. The functions of the trees are to absorb carbon emissions and greenhouse gases. It ...

Cheng, C., & Hoekstra, M. (2012). Does Strengthening Self-Defense Law Deter Crime or Escalate Violence? Evidence from Expansions to Castle Doctrine . Journal of Human Resources , 1-43.
The findings published in the journal indicate that the adoption of the stand your ground laws increases the crime rate. The study found that there was a 7-9% increase in manslaughter rates and that adoption of the laws increased justifiable homicide by 17-50%.
Jansen, S., & Nugent-Borakove, M. E. (2007). Expansions to the Castle Doctrine: Implications for Policy and Practice. National District Attorneys Association Symposium (pp. 1-24). National District Attorneys Association.

- Concerns have ...

- Section about Background

History of site use

Drivers discarded squanders created at the Depot in trenches, tidal ponds, landfills or other holding vessels from the 1940s through the late 1970s. A large portion of the waste originated from the SIA. In 1989, EPA recorded the SIA on the NPL. A 1990 Federal Facilities Agreement incorporated the Army's RCRA and Superfund program necessities for the whole Depot.

Map/ aerial photo

The 15,200-section of land establishment has a base in the Calhoun County, Alabama. It is 10 miles west of the renowned Anniston. It is worth noting that the northern side of this given Depot stems out ...

Origins of the vine and grape

The barbera grapes are anciently and traditionally grown in central Piemonte, Italy. Barbera grapes are supposed to have ancient origin like many other grapes. It is, however, found to be documented since 17th century. In an official document, in 1798, the wine was cited by Count Giuseppe Nuvolone-Pergamo of Scandaluzzo, deputy director of the Società Agraria di Torino (Agrarian Society of Turin) (Barbera Wine, n.d.). There are documents in the city hall of Nizza Monferrato that also mentions about the growing of this variety of grapes in 16th century (Sonkin, n.d.).
Barbera is a dark-skinned grape. The red grape ...

1. Introduction
The geothermal is the type of ground energy, which is used to produce heat by using the earth’s geothermal heat. This type of energy is being drilled in the particular place on the earth. The geothermal heating is the direct type of geothermal energy. Humans have some advantages on the Geothermal heating. 28GW of the geothermal energy is currently presented in our earth. The thermal efficiency is high because no energy originates from the heat retained within the earth from the original formation of the earth. The high temperature energy Is used to originate from ...

[university name]

ABSTRACT

Studying of the outer space is called space science. The space exploration is the discovery and exploration of the outer space. The study of space is mainly done by the astronomers, later it was made as one of the divisions of space science. The astronomers explore the outer space with the help of the telescope. The physical explorations are conducted by the unmanned robotic probes and human space flight. In early centuries, the space race occurred between the Soviet Union and the United States of America during the period of cold war. The abstract of this research ...

Fig 1: NDRC Techniques

Introduction

Non-Disruptive Road Crossings are manuals which outline unifying and standardizing measures of Road Engineering Practices. The significant objective of the project is to enhance the management, planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of all roads and related infrastructures to ensure a safe and uniform operational and structural capacity throughout the road network in Dubai. The complexity in road construction and to some point other engineering projects leaves very little to be argued about on their significance with respect to the influence they have on the environment. It is a fact that projects like roads, bridges, and dams ...

Introduction

Many are often amazed at the term hydraulic Fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is a technique that involves typical mixing of water with chemicals and sand, under high pressure. The mixture is injected into wellbore to create small fractures where fluids such as petroleum, gas, brine water and uranium-bearing solution might migrate to the well. It is at this point that some have voiced their concern on the possible pollution of ground water due to the injection of these chemicals to the ground (Spellman 45). However, others have also supported the process so strongly citing that the amount of chemicals released in ...

Abstract

This paper presents various aspects associated with chocolate. The paper provides information on how chocolate has evolved over a period of time after its invention. Paper presents; how cocoa cultivated around the world, what are favorable climate conditions for cocoa production, what type of soil is essential for cocoa production and what varieties of cocoa trees are available across the world. The paper further elaborate upon ecological, social and economical factors associated with chocolate.

Chocolate is processed sweet food product that is produced by using seeds of Theorbroma cocoa plant. Chocolate is now liked by majority of the people across ...

Introduction

Avocados are perennial crops, which have a single seed. They originated from Mexico and Central America. Essentially, they are flowering plants, and belong to the family ‘Lauraceae’. Avocados are commercially valuable crops cultivated in tropical and Mediterranean climates. The fruit is spherical in shape. According to FAO estimates, avocado production in the year 2010 was 37.3 million metric tons and Mexico is the leading producer of avocado with 1.1 million metric tons (Whiley 9). It has been established that the best avocados grow in tropical regions such as Africa. It is vital to study the farming system used in the ...

In some situations, it is crystal clear that force used against a malicious criminal is in self-defense and necessary to prevent serious injury or death, but in other cases, there is significant gray area in the space where self-defense and excessive, or aggressive, force meet. In this murky space where self-defense and aggression meet are “Stand Your Ground” laws. As the recent George Zimmerman-Trayvon Martin incident and subsequent trial has proven, Stand Your Ground” laws can ignite passionate debate about gun control, the right to defend property and self, race and other factors.
Most self-defense laws in the United ...

Introduction

An isotope can be defined as a variant of the same element that has the same atomic number but different mass number.These variants must be of the same elements. That is the have the same number of protons but different number of neutron. Isotopsy is existence of an element in more than one form having the same atomic number but has a different mass number.

Stable and unstable nucleus

A stable nuclear is the one whose the number of proton and neutron in an elements are equal or are nearly equal hence the element nuclear does not disintergrate.The nuclears is not as heavy as in ...

Deforestation is defined as the act of chopping down trees as well as clearing forests without planting others in their place (Debra 1). People cut down trees for different reasons. The increase in population worldwide has escalated cutting down of trees due to the increase in the demand for land for people to build houses to live in and also to obtain land for farming of both subsistence and cash crops, both by individuals and governments. People, particularly those living in rural areas where they cannot access electricity as well as gas, resort to cutting down trees for firewood, ...

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to conduct a research about the artificial methods of storing water in California while considering all the financial characteristics. This research will include two artificial (Manmade) methods of storing water in the state of California which will include; surface water such as Cisterns, Dams and aqueduct. Underground water will include pipelines, aquifers, canals and reservoirs.

Introduction

California’s water management system is arguably among the most innovative and complex artificial methods of storing water in the world. In California, colossal amounts of water are confined, stored, and then delivered through manmade features to serve ...

Hydraulic fracturing or fracking is a technique that involves typical mixing of water with chemicals and sand, under high pressure. The mixture is injected into wellbore to create small fractures where fluids such as petroleum, gas, brine water and uranium-bearing solution might migrate to the well. The hydraulic pressure is removed from such well and small proppant grains are used in holding the fractures open when the rock achieves equilibrium. This technique is common in wells for tight gas, shale gas, coal seam gas and tight oil. Such well stimulation is carried out once in the well’s life time ...

Abstract

This paper is on impact of population demographics in United States and other developed countries. We will discuss the impact of population demographics on business firms. Also, how fertility rate affects business firm in United States and other developed countries.

What are the implications of the changing population demographics for business firms?

Developed countries are facing declining Birth rates leading to reducing average family size. With presence of greater number of non-workers (aged) in society the contribution to economy is reducing. Aged people consume more and generate less, thus leading to reduced demographic dividend. Implications of changing population demographics on business firms:
- Continuous growth in International trade with major ...

Engineering

Abstract
Continuous Flight Augers (CFA) require special expertise to construct but done properly they are economical and very successful for areas with inconsistent load carrying capacities. Examples include using CFA pilings for guard rails, highway reinforcement, highway junction improvements and buildings. The CFA pilings are similar to driven and bored piles but offer different advantages when working in good to marginal soils and in projects where the load capacity needs vary. An auger with a hollow tube is used to bore the hole and then when the auger tip reaches the final depth concrete is added as the auger ...

Pollution of land, water and air is greatly harming our environment and the earth is being affected by our pollution. Pollution is the contamination of our environment especially by our activities and manmade wastes. Human beings engage in activities that destroy the purity of our environment. These activities not only affect our lives but also of other living things such as plants and animals that we share the same environment. The environment is composed of three living parts; air, land and water. These are the parts that are affected by pollution. This paper discusses how pollution is harming our ...

The United States of America continues to grapple with insecurity. The position, since the 9/11 attacks, has been that of a cautious approach to matters of security. Interestingly, the threats of security are not limited to terrorism only. Criminal activities have increased with cases of violence, rape and assaults, among others on the rise. It is on that premise that the nation has had to address the security issues and undertake measures aimed at protecting the citizenry. At the federal level, legislations relating to terrorism and gun control (Patriot Act, among others) have been adopted. In the same light, states ...

Acknowledgements

The successful development and compilation of this paper took the involvement of many parties. I highly thank every person who gave his/her support during the development of this paper, especially my family for the advice and moral support. Their individual or combined support really went a long way in ensuring my success in the work. The study would have been impossible without their inputs.

Origins of vine and grape

Approximately 24,000 varieties of vine have been identified, and only 150 are widely used with only 9 being considered for the production of classical wines . Vines belong to the class vitis in the family of ...

Part I – CFA Pile Installation

[University]

Abstract

This paper is an investigative report on the use of Continuous Flight Augers or CFA in granular soils. In order to guide us in our investigation, this parts that are interrelated to each other. We will discuss the history of CFA’s and its application. This paper will also touch the common formulas used in its application and how it was derived. By taking a critical look into the formulas, we should be able to determine its effectiveness and should be able to identify flaws if there are any. We should also be able to identify the parameters that ...

The Dust Bowl period that occurred around the drought years of the 1930s in the Great Plains of the United States was an important period in the agricultural history of the West as it caused a lot of implications especially in the agricultural sector and the ways of farming. Viewed from a climatic perspective, the drought experienced during this period is usually considered to have been the worst in the areas around the Great Plains and had serious economic, social and environmental effects of the agricultural aspect of the affected areas. This drought of 1930s is deemed one of the worst ...