Surveillance Research Papers Samples For Students

With the growing security threats in the United States such as the 9/11 attacks, which claimed the lives of many Americans and foreigners the National Security Agency put in place measures that ensure that the United States government monitors the communications of its citizens. Despite the security concerns, the American constitution defends the rights and freedoms of speech. Consequently, there have been varied reactions on the government’s efforts to monitor the communication in the interests of national security. These opponents of the governmental monitoring believe that most of the government’s enemies are outsiders. Nevertheless, proponents argue that ...

The ethical considerations play significant role in the criminal justice. They are, however, central to the decisions that involve force, undue influence, and discretion in which people are required for making the moral judgments. The ethical considerations that need to be addressed within the field of the criminal justice include formation of the good practices based on the functional criminal justice, which is competent and capable enough to handle the ordinary criminal activities and offenses, ensuring the protection of the rights of humans. The law enforcement officials should work within the rules and regulations of the framework based on ...

Disease Surveillance Requirements in Australia

While much has been hypothesized regarding disease surveillance, it is of the essence to note that this occurs as one of the fundamental components of animal health services. This may be attributed to the fact that disease surveillance offers a comprehensive platform that provides warning on impending disease outbreaks. On a similar note, disease surveillance offers a viable platform that allows for planning, implementation and monitoring of a wider array of disease control programs. In a nutshell, disease surveillance is important for emergency preparedness for any animal disease. A close analysis of the Australian contexts depicts the existence of a robust animal disease surveillance program, ...

I. Introduction
Ever since National Security Agency (NSA) contractor Edward Snowden leaked a cache of documents detailing the NSA’s comprehensive electronic reconnaissance program in June 2013, mass electronic surveillance and the ability of the government to intercept and access communication around the world have been of the hottest public policy topics in the nation. The focus of the debate centers on the tension between privacy and security. On the one hand, privacy advocates argue that while the Founding Fathers had not explicitly stated that Americans had a “right to be left alone,” various rights at common law and provisions ...

In any conversation regarding dystopian literature, there are works that cannot be ignored due to their importance in the landscape not only within the genre, but also within the enormous oeuvre of English literature. Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, where American society has outlawed books and other written works, is perhaps one example. Another would be Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, where the year 2450 is marked by extreme class government, where citizens born into the lower class are enslaved through drugs and other nefarious substances. More recently, the recent spate of young-adult dystopian novels, such as Suzanne ...

Introduction

Measles is “a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the measles virus” (CDC, 2014). Another term for this is rubeola, as opposed to rubella, which is a term for German measles. Measles can lead to fever, a runny nose, cough and rashes all over the body. One out of ten individuals with the disease also develop an ear infection, while one out of 20 individuals with the disease will contract pneumonia. For every 1000 children with measles around one or two children will succumb to the disease and/or its complications. Adults can contract measles if they were not vaccinated earlier in life ( ...

PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act of 2011 allows for roving wiretaps similar to the ECPA, effectively enabling spies to intercept a suspect’s electronic and wire communications associated to suspect conduct under the PATRIOT Act 2000, regardless of their location. This helps track suspects who move from phone booth, handset or computer to computer multiple times in order to foil tacking efforts. Roving wiretapping necessitates interception of email communications (without naming the communications carrier and other third parties involved in the tap). Section 209 allows stored voice mail to be treated as data as defined under section 2703 as against intercepts ...

Introduction

Technology plays a major role in the development of any country and also the human civilization. From battery-operated missiles for the defense authority to processor-run laptops in a common man’s home, technological developments have shaped and influenced the lifestyles across all types of organizations and touched many human lives. One such bright facet currently trending is the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), which represent a sector of aerospace and defense organization. Piloted remotely by human operators, these automated aircraft systems are mainly used in the military to launch missiles, deliver intelligence and surveillance reports across the borders, and provide real-time imaging and ...

Introduction

The National Security Agency (NSA) is the largest intelligence agency of USA that gathers information to detect any potential threat to USA. Recently in 2013, it created a lot of buzz when Edward Snowden, a former NSA contractor, revealed to the media about the clandestine surveillance programs of the NSA (NCPA 2014). According to the documents leaked by Snowden, the NSA spies on over a billion of people worldwide by intercepting their calls. Not only that, the NSA has access to the phone records of all the American citizens for the purpose of mass surveillance. It was also revealed that PRISM, the ...

Annotated Bibliography of Steve Mann’s Articles

Mann, Steve Manders, Corey Belmellat, Billal Kansal, Mohit and Chen, Daniel. “Steps towards “undigital’ intelligent image processing: Real-valued image coding of photoquantimetric pictures into the JLM file format for Compression of Portable Lightspace Maps.”
This article examines file formats employed in image compression by offering a solution to address the need for real coding and file formats. The author recognizes the recent advancement in the intelligent signal processing which have enabled capture of high dynamic images. These images are as an array of real numbers instead of the current convention of integers. Further, the author argues that the real ...

Introduction

The world is growing at an alarming rate where technology has taken over almost every operation. Information and communication technologies play a greater role in supporting the economic growth of a country in order to reach higher levels of competitiveness. Technology assists in many ways ranging from production in industries, for security purposes, farming, and many other operations occurring in the day-to-day living. One of the areas where technology has a great impact is on surveillance. As many countries go digital, many security concerns have been raised. The mass adoption of technology is a disruptive wave that has overtaken almost every industry globally. ...

Introduction

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, sometimes known as FISA, is a federal law enacted in the United States, designed to allow surveillance of individuals who are perceived to be a threat to the United States (Breglio, 2003). First enacted in 1978, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act was originally intended for use during the Cold War. Because that particular war depended so much on intelligence regarding what foreign nations were doing and how they were planning on using the information they obtained about the United States to undermine her security, the government felt the need to enact a piece of legislation that allowed ...

Nosocomial infections are infections that occur within forty-eight hours of being admitted in hospital, three days of discharge or thirty days of a surgery. Most prominent ones are pneumonia, urinary-tract infection, surgical and bloodstream infection. In the previous years, research indicated that at minimum 5% of patients develop nosocomial infections. With the increased use of invasive procedures, current research shows that more than 8% of patients now acquire nosocomial infections. Acquisition of the infection causes the patient to stay in hospital 2.5-times longer than expected and consequently incur extra costs (Ken & Alison, 2013). In extreme cases, the infections lead to ...

Substance abuse in Durham

Over 20,000 people living in Durham are affected by the substance abuse, which has become a common problem in the community. 19,500 residents are regular users of substance, including middle school and high school students. In this county, the common illicit drugs include cocaine, marijuana and heroin. Smoking and alcohol abuse are widely exercised by the residents of Durham County (Kleiman, & Hawdon, 2011). Durham County is ranked among the top three counties that are mostly affected by the drug abuse in the state.
Substance abuse and use has resulted to more than 30% cases of domestic violence ...

1.0 Background Information on SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged febrile lower respiratory viral disease that has been described in Asia, Europe, North America and recently Middle East. The disease was first reported in Asia, specifically in Guangdong Province of Southern China, in late 2002. It then spread to Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore, Canada, Taiwan, Thailand, Canada, the U.K, U.S and Slovenia at an unprecedented rate, so that in a period of weeks it had spread to 37 countries and was thus a pandemic of global concern in 2003. SARS is reported to be the first global ...

Abstract

The term surveillance originates from the French language and it means “watching over” Surveillance is the act of monitoring activities and behavior as well as people’s surreptitious changing of information. Surveillance mostly refers to a private observation of individuals or groups of people by government organizations. Also, disease surveillance is process of monitoring the disease progress in a given community. The term surveillance can as well be applied to distance observations by electronic equipment means. A good example of electronic equipments used for surveillance is a CCTV camera. Another surveillance method is through electronically transmitted information interceptions through phones calls and ...

Abstract

Although the methodology and technology of warfare had evolved together with human civilization, the main ideas of preparation, preemption, intelligence collection and overall awareness of enemy’s capabilities remain relevant today just as two thousand years ago. The aim of the current research is to investigate a specific issue of intelligence and surveillance, meaning the influence of the modern Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) on the aerial surveillance. In this context, a specific issue of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as means of surveillance collection is discussed in the framework of its benefits and possible challenges for the future intelligence and ...

Government Survaillance is unconstitutional and should not be conducted. It deprives citizens their right of liberty. Peolpe’s privacy should not be sacrificed for the sake of security.
Security concerns have often been used to justify a breach of citizens’ privacy. Law enforcement groups have created different measures such as the use of surveillance cameras including in many public places to monitor the activities of unsuspecting citizens. In the surveillance process, the agencies involved use high-tech machines. These devices are controlled from a private area and are mostly invisible to the public (Norris, 2010). The tools are made in ...

Introduction

The quest to protect the privacy of people in the digital era has been subject to debate for several years since the revelation by Edward Snowden about the secret surveillance by the NSA and the intelligence agencies. The use of social networks as a way to interact with peers as well as a source of information cannot have become prevalent in the modern society due to its ease of access. It is undisputable that security has also become a challenge in this era where human rights are equally matters to grapple with. It is important that certain elements of ...

Toward a Happy Medium: Maintaining Balance Between America’s Right to Liberty and Need for Security Through the Fourth Amendment

Abstract

The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution is near the heart of the American model of civil liberty. In no other amendment do the notions of liberty and security rest at such delicate legal counterpoints. Maintaining balance between the two is a constant challenge. Decisions in landmark cases in the last half of the 20th century helped to affirm important Fourth Amendment principles and protections concerning search and seizure, drug testing and probable cause. But in the post-9/11 world, Americans’ right to ...

Video surveillance is slowly but strongly enforcing itself in the society today. CCTV cameras and other surveillance equipment including software can be found almost everywhere. The law enforcement agents are using CCTV footages to identify and prosecute criminals. CCTV cameras are found in banking halls, the mall and also on the streets. CCTV cameras are very handy in deterring criminal activities and maintaining harmony on the streets but in not properly utilized can lead to invasion of privacy. The private space of an individual is where they are not under any unauthorized surveillance (Harris 2004) The fourth amendment law ...

Introduction

The Guardian aired a report on the surveillance programs of the National Security Agency over one year ago. The report based on leaked information from one of the agency’s contractors named Edward Snowden. The national opinions from several interested parties concentrates on simplistic debates evaluating the tradeoff between individual privacy and national security. However, it is an important time for the government and other stakeholders to begin weighing the benefits and costs associated with the surveillance more carefully. In spite of the strong defense by intelligence officials in favor of the NSA programs, the officials fail to table any credible ...

How serious is the threat from abuses in the use of new technologies?

The recent days have realized new technology gradually becoming part of our daily lives. Many sectors have not been left out as the nations of the world consciously or unconsciously strive to be modernized. The sad part of this is that alongside this cutting edge conveniences and technology comes a number of downsides. Today, many nations have embraced the new surveillance technology such as the recently developed HD closed –circuit television (CCTV) that has gone overboard, interfering with the many attempts to monitor infringement of individual’s privacy. Such is the case that high definition cameras with the ability to ...

Article 8 of the Human Rights Act1998 (HRA) provides that every citizen has a “right to respect for” their private life, their family life, their home and their correspondence” (HRA). Generally speaking, Article 8 provides for the enjoyment of a general right to privacy. More specifically, Article 8 states that no public authority will interfere “with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society”. In Catriona’s case, what Article 8 means is that the Metropolitan Police, as a public authority is per se prohibited from ...

Under these conditions, countries need an effective anti-terrorist policy and methods as a means of ensuring their own survival, public support, and international stability. Accordingly, new methods to combat terrorism began to be emerged and be developed, namely the use of new technologies such as satellites, information technology, surveillance, weaponry, Bio-metrics, finance, drones etc.

Satellites

It is worth noting a significant contribution of satellite systems to the resolution of the intelligence, communication, navigation and meteorological problems. Cosmic intelligence systems were used in order to provide US troops with timely and reliable data on the grouping of the Islamic movement of ...

Different social theories claim that every behavior can be modified to a better one. Panopticism is one of these theories, which has its origins in the book “Discipline and Punish” by Michel Foucault. The french philosopher spent a lot of years examining human behaviors and trying to find ways how to improve it, make it better and easier for others to understand. He collected his knowledge in the book and presented it to society, which should change after got acquainted with the message of the book. He used the panopticon to illustrate the tendency of subjugating citizens by disciplinary ...

For the past two decades, terrorism has proved to be the biggest threat to peace and security across the world and since the 9/11 attacks on the US soil, America and other countries have stepped up their anti-terrorist measures to prevent any future terrorist attacks. The government agencies tasked with these anti-terrorist measures claim that the techniques they use to collect data such as wiretapping and metadata collection help them pinpoint terrorists and their plans before an attack is planned and thus prevent them from happening. However since the Snowden leaks, these techniques have come under tremendous scrutiny. Internet ...

Political Science

An in Depth view of the Department of Homeland Security
History of the Department of Homeland Security
The Department of Homeland Security was brought about by the tragedy of the September 21 terrorist attack of the Al-Qaeda group. It was during this time the two airplanes purposely targeted to cause destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington D.C. This event was regarded as the worst act of terrorism in America after the loss of 3,000 innocent lives. It was during this difficult time that the world grieved for America ...

Introduction

Since the launch of the global drive to eradicate polio in 1988, the incidences of polio have reduced by 99% . In spite the remarkable success of the eradication efforts that has been reported so far, there are countries where polio is still endemic. As of August 2012, there were 128 cases of polio that had been reported worldwide. 96% of these cases had been reported in the countries where polio is still endemic which are Nigeria, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The number of polio cases that were reported in 2012 represents the least number of cases that has ever been ...

The issue of privacy of persons has become a common point of argument in many countries. Several people incessantly complain that social network sites have scrapped all the privacy of individuals. However, the latest area of concern is privacy of internet users. Currently, due to the rising cases of insecurity and threats of terrorism, most governments have initiated modalities through which peoples information can be shared through various organizations inclusive of governmental security offices. To top it off, video camera surveillance systems have been fitted in residential houses of individuals, workplaces, and all other public places such as social places. ...

[Author]

Abstract

The present review is aimed at providing an understanding on how the workplace contributes to the development of skin cancer. Five reviews (3 epidemiological data reviews, 1 meta-analysis, and 1 article) obtained from PubMed, involving a total of at least 3479 mortality and morbidity in skin cancer. These studies agreed on the initiating role of the workplace in the development of skin cancers, both malignant mesothelioma (MM) and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), due to chronic exposure to carcinogens such as asbestos (Rushton, 2012; Boffetta, 2004; Romeo, 2004; ), mineral oils (Rushton, 2012), solar radiation (Rushton, 2012; Hannaford-Turner, Elder, Sim, Abramson, ...

The United States (U.S.) was attacked on 9/11 in such a way that even surpasses the attack on Pearl Harbor. At least during WWII the country knew who its enemies were. However, although the terrorist group(s) that attacked and caused the collapse of the Twin Towers are known, they are hidden. That leaves the U.S. Government scrambling to find these concealed enemies that are either still on U.S. soil or planning more attacks from abroad.
It will be necessary to look at the ethical dilemmas involved with the USA PATRIOT Act (“Epic.org”, n.d.), in regards to authorization of ...

TERROR, SECURITY AND INTERNET: ISSUES OF ENCRYPTION AND PRIVACY

Terror, Security and Internet: Issues of Encryption and Privacy
Introduction
Security is indeed of immense importance to every nation of the world. This is why nations of the world do their best to fight against terrorism. With the advancement of the technology, terror and security issues are made more pronounced over the internet. The internet is obviously the greatest wonder the world has ever known. Its relevance is obvious in every aspect of life, and it has gone a long way in making the twenty-first-century life very easy. However, the security and privacy issues posed by the internet make ...

Books, music videos and several other pieces of art often comprise the word ‘copyright’ on its product. Being commonly understood as a legal concept, copyright is the right of ownership given to the person behind an original piece as enacted and implemented by the government. It is a category of Intellectual property rights which gives the originator exclusive rights to decide who benefits or adapts the work along with other rights associated with the product. In other words, it gives the sole authority and right to the person for his original work (Mark, 2012). The idea of copyright dates back to ...

Abstract

The Fourth Amendment was included in the Bill of Rights with the intention of safeguarding individuals' right to privacy by requiring the production of a warrant by law enforcement officers in case of suspicion; however, the balance between ensuring privacy and the need to safeguard national security has been a subject of intense debate. This paper starts by giving a historical background of the Fourth Amendment, the evolution that has happened since it was put in place, the arguments for and against it, and an analysis of whether its observation impedes the work of the police. The paper also ...

Short after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, at the urgings of the Bush administration, Congress passed the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (Patriot Act). The Patriot Act was notable not only for the haste in which it was drafted and enacted but also the comprehensive changes that it made to American criminal procedure, national security and information privacy laws. Originally, many of the provisions of the Patriot Act were set to “sunset” or automatically end if Congress did not reauthorize them. Congress however has consistently ...

Introduction

A private investigator is frequently shortened to PI and casually referred as a private eye. An inquiry agent or private detective is an individual that can be employed by a person or groups to take on exploratory law services (Rigakos, 2008). Private investigators or detectives regularly work for attorneys in civil matters. The very few skilled private investigators work together with defense attorneys on major punishment and defense of criminal cases. Private investigators are, therefore, private citizens having different types of experience and training. Investigators look for, collect, gather, scrutinize, and establish substantiation in criminal and civil cases for insurance companies, ...

It is a great honor working together with your department in conducting this research and coming up with solutions, and strategies that fit to be put in place in improving border security. Upon completion of the research, I made a detailed report containing the findings and recommendations.
The report contains information on the findings as well as recommendations on the measures that need to be put in place in improving border security. There are two key recommendations made in the report which are; increasing the number of security personnel on the border points as well as increasing the border check ...

CRIMINOLOGY IN THE FUTURE

Crime fighting, also referred to as criminal justice, is used to describe a system of institutions and practices laid forth by the government so as to deter, mitigate and control crime, and also to sanction and rehabilitate those who commit criminal offenses. There are various sub-branches in criminal justice and one of these is criminology. This sub-branch involves scientifically studying the extent, control, causes and nature of criminal behavior in both the society and the individual. This sub-branch is an interdisciplinary field that is based on research conducted in sociology, social anthropology, and psychology. Since research is a progressive activity, changes ...

Milestones in Public Heath Informatics

There are several milestones in public health informatics history and one of them is specialization. The health field is vast and has many fields of concern to help the patients recover from various health complications and illnesses. Initially a doctor was supposed to be able to handle any health complications regardless of any aspects. Currently, the various areas that medical practitioners can specialize are such as disease prevention, epidemiology, laboratory health informatics, epidemiology among others (Yasnoff, O'carroll, Koo, Linkins & Kilbourne, 2000). With specialization in different fields and progress in information technology, the various areas of health concern can be ...

[Class Title]

Introduction
Technology is often portrayed in popular media and literature as something that conflicts with man’s safety and well-being. Themes of apprehension regarding technology can be observed even in short stories, which aim to promote awareness towards the negative impact of technology to society. The American author, Ray Bradbury, is one of the many authors that express their activism towards the negative impact of technology. Two of his works, ‘The Veldt’ and ‘The Pedestrian,’ have themes that make people think about the underlying drawbacks of technology. In general, ‘The Veldt’ and ‘The Pedestrian,’ creates awareness about ...

The paper will focus on examining the tools that are enacted in the United States to help fight against organized crime and terrorism in which diplomacy, criminal law, financial control, military force and intelligences are all critical components that need to work correlated and coordinated. The thesis of this paper is that in every counterterrorism toll beside the advantages there are many disadvantages and controversy present. The important documents accepted in the recent time regarding the counterterrorism will be examined with the main focus on the Patriot Act. The negative and positive sides of the use of wiretapping, metadata, ...

Internet Privacy:

In this essay I will discuss about two main administrative bodies of United States, namely, the

The National Security Agency (NSA) has Head Quarters in Fort Meade,
Maryland. It is responsible to collect, process, decode and translate intelligence information
gathered from electronic foreign sources for intelligence purpose and to support internal military
operations. The concept of NSA came in picture in war against Germany during World War I
where it was used to gather information, which helped the army to prepare adequately before the
war. NSA is also aligned to prevent foreign entities to ...

Abstract

The project deals with changes in the federal law enforcement since 9/11 attacks. The opening paragraphs induct into the political microclimate of the early 2000s and the rationales behind the 2001 terrorist attacks. Further sections give insight into improvements and changes made by the Department of Justice, one of principal law enforcement agencies, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, its subordinate agency, and police. The paper reflects the opinion of prominent security experts, accomplished writers, and governmental officials.
Keywords: security, counterterrorism, attack, law, enforcement, bureau, police, justice
Being a big geopolitical player that it is, the USA has its ...

Introduction

East African countries such as Kenya, Somalia, and Tanzania, among other countries along the Indian Ocean are constantly and increasingly under the threat of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing (IUU) by foreign ship fleets. IUU fishing leads to the overexploitation of fish populations and hinders the recovery of fish stocks and ecosystems. In addition, it leads to unfair competition for fishers who use legal practices and procedures and also affects the socioeconomic well-being of communities engaged in fishing (MRAG 5). In addition, resources of the Small Developing States (SDSs) are depleted. This compromises income and food Security while undermining ...

The U.S. Use of Drones

Introduction

Over the past 10 years, the use of drones (or unmanned aerial systems) by the U.S. Government has undergone expansion in location, frequency and scope. From the year 2001 to the year 2012, the United States military has enhanced its drone inventory from 50 to about 750 drones. An estimated 5% of these can be armed. As such, drones are fast becoming a primary weapon for the U.S. They are critical tool in war against militant and terrorist organizations all over the world. Drones have huge capabilities and advantages over other intelligence and weapon systems. ...

- Introduction
The 9/11 terrorist attacks by the al-Qaida on American soil brought out the weakness of the Government’s fight against terrorism and resulted in a shift, in the major paradigm shift in the counterterrorism tactics and policies. Initially America had played a very passive role in the war against terrorism because the government never thought that terrorism would affect America (Adams, Nordhaus and Shellenberger). In other words, America, being a super power, felt indisposed and safe from any terrorism. “In the wake of the 9/11 attacks, President George W. Bush declared a global war on terror and initiated a series of ...

Movie Review: THX-1138

THX-1138, the main character in the film THX-1138, works as a magnum operator in cell 94107. He was literally created to manipulate the magnum along with other people in his society. In general, the THX-1138 movie is one of the best films that the creator of Star Wars, George Lucas, has ever scripted and directed. In 1976, Lucas produced Electronic Labyrinth: THX-113: 4EB, a short film that won various awards and introduced Lucas to movie fans globally (“George Lucas Biography”). The success of Electronic Labyrinth impressed the director of The Godfather, Frances Coppela, who urged Warner Brothers to provide ...

Communication in Social Networks

Abstract
Everything in world undergoes its continuous changes. Though unknown is always frightening, it also affirms the beginning of something new and thrilling. The same can be said about the invention of social networking. In the midst of social media revolution such social networks as Facebook, Twitter and Skype have opened before their users an amazing world of opportunities and unlimited online communication.
Knowledge and information could now be shared among various groups of people and even between different nationalities. People got the possibility to connect with the whole world and highly improve their communication skills.
Although social networks ...

Since the adoption of the Patriot Act 2 on October 2001, strict measures such as the detention of foreigners suspected of a security breach, electronic surveillance of individuals through databases, authentication identities through biometrics, technologization border controls, among others, are presented in political discourse of the USA. The US security and media are the latest techniques in the fight against terrorism. Most Americans feel that these measures are contemporary to the fight against terrorism. In fact, this impression is the product of the effects of language games made by the administration and the media as the rhetoric and imagery ...

History of dengue

Dengue is described by the World Health Organization (n.d.) as a fast emerging pandemic viral disease with worldwide prevalence. The viral disease was initially traced to the epidemics in Java and in Egypt in 1779. Some literatures trace back the virus and its vectorsto the Chin Dynasty. It was hypothesized that the disease occured in the Western hemisphere in the midddle of the 17th century and believed to originate from tropical America. However, some researchers would point out that the accounts of dengue outbreaks were traced back during the 18th and 19th century in Southeast Asia.The dengue outbreaks in ...

INTRODUCTION

The history of human civilization is built upon the names, actions, and achievements of people whose contributions have an impact on society. Some of these people and events, be they famous or infamous, become part of the paradigm of the cultures all over the world. In a diverse world, it is not surprising that sometimes society does not always see eye to eye on some of the events that make up history. These actions and impacts may be perceived by some as wrong, while others may support the individual wholeheartedly. That is most certainly the case with Edward Snowden. One ...

English

Introduction
Most lawyers grapple with First Amendment Issues Daily according to Professor Marvin Amori as they have to deal with laws that govern and concern speech and consequently write rules on them. Laws on speech are a crucial component in the society due to their significant contribution not only to national matters but also in global corporate boards as well as different public and private institutions. These lawyers therefore have to operate globally and are not only concerned with the First Amendment of the United States constitution but with customs, laws, and practices of different foreign nations (Mark 2238).

Tinker’s Decison

...

George Orwell’s novel 1984 opens with the protagonist, Winston Smith, lounging around his grey depressing apartment in London. He is alone in the first scene, and throughout much of the novel remains that way. Essentially, everyone within the dystopian society within the book is separated from the society they are a part of. Winston lives in a dingy apartment where his government constantly monitors him.
There is essentially no freedom, and ceaseless war. Orwell was not just writing a fictional dystopian thriller, but was making important political statements about where culture could be headed if the people of a society allowed ...

Terrorism is a scourge of the modern world. It is a highly organized and systematic form of crime, directed towards clear cut goal of harming a particular set of people, community, or country. Terrorists act at international levels and their activities are aimed to harm many at a time. Terrorist activities are aimed at spreading terror, extortion and ransom, mass murder etc. Many times, these activities are born off a twisted mind that harbors wrongly placed ideas of righteousness. Some terrorists call themselves revolutionary, claiming to liberate their social, cultural or ethical ideas. They are highly convinced that their motives aim at greater good, ...

ADS-B is one of the two types of Automatic Dependent Surveillance. ADS is an Air Traffic Control (ATC) technique that tracks aircraft without the use of radar. There exists two types of Automatic Dependent Surveillance, ADS-Contract (ADS-C) and ADS-Broadcast (ADS-B). ADS-C is controlled by agreements put forward by the ground station. This means that the broadcast of ADS reports is done by the ground station except in emergency situations when the flight crew can declare or cancel a reporting. Two pilots cannot communicate positional information using this system.
In ADS-B, the aircraft regularly broadcasts its position to no specific ...

Introduction

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) is an Act of Congress passed in 1978 and signed by the then President Jimmy Carter. The Act stipulates the procedures to be followed when obtaining intelligence from foreign powers and agents of foreign powers both physically and electronically. The Act has been amended severally. In 2001, it was amended to involve groups and terrorist organizations not supported by foreign governments in an Act called the USA PATRIOT Act. A further amendment was done in 2007 to overhaul most of the provisions, in the Act called Protect America Act. A final amendment was ...

Is the U.S Southern Border patrol Effective?

Abstract
The primary role of the United States border patrol is to detect and prevent illegal aliens from getting into the country. Furthermore, it also plays a big role in preventing human trafficking. All kinds of people with ill intentions do find their way into America. Such individuals are a threat to the security of American citizens. They participate in acts such as smuggling, robberies, homicides and murder cases. In fact, a significant portion of the prison population in America is composed of illegal immigrants. Moreover, these people become a burden to the government since they increase capital expenditures ...

Criminal Infrastructure and Key Resources

Homeland Security: Criminal Infrastructure and Key Resources
The national program has policies to unify infrastructure through enhanced protection under the National CIKR (Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources). The main purpose of the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) is to protect the United States against any possible attempts by terrorists trying to cause damage to National CIKR. Three legislative orders were created, which were the Patriot Act of 2001, the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and the 9/11 Commission Recommendations Implementtion Act of 2007. The goal was to make the United States a safer, more secure and more resilient country ( ...

Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) In Iraq-Afghanistan Wars

Abstract
Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are homemade bombs that are constructed and deployed in certain ways. Since October 2001, IEDs have been responsible for over 3000 combat deaths in Iraq and Afghanistan. These devises are designed to specifically kill, harass, or injure people or groups of people. In Iraq and Afghanistan, IEDs have been widely used. They are hidden behind guardrails and signs, inside animal carcasses, and under roadside debris, these encounters are very dangerous as they are causing thousands of death in Iraq and Afghanistan annually (Tanielian, 2008, p. 11).
This strategy has taken a different direction ...