Tube Research Papers Samples For Students

Investigating how light intensity will affect the rate of photosynthesis, with the help of DCPIP, in Spinach leaves.

The aim of this experiment is to find out how the rate of change of light intensity affect the photosynthesis in spinach leaves.
Successful farming of food crops is very essential for both the nutritional and financial health of a nation. Governments of almost every nation invest land and labour to crop farming, as much as is possible, keeping in mind the other needs of a country. But, however, due to many reasons the maximum crop yield possible is not always achieved.
For the production of a healthy crop certain conditions are necessary. The primary among these conditions are ...

Shaped tube electrolytic machining

Several methods have been employed to drill holes. Most of the time only mechanical methods have been thought up. These mechanical methods have a lot of disadvantages. Some of them being production of heat while drilling and also there was use of a lot of energy. Moreover, to drill both small and large holes is very difficult especially in hard and brittle materials using traditional drilling methods (Robert, H. & Allen, D, 1994). In some areas such as space, automobile, electronic sand computer (printed circuit boards), medical (Surgical implants), optics and miniature manufacturing provide the need for drilling holes in hard ...

Abstract

Neural tube defects are a common occurrence in many pregnancies. Some of them have fairly minimal consequences and in fact, many children born with these defects lead normal lives. Spina bifida is one of these defects and is indeed one of the most common. The defect emanates from the failure of the neural tube to close properly leaving an opening. This paper aims to look at this defect from several perspectives including a brief description of the disorder, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, the usual age of onset and relevant ethnic and cultural risk information. The paper will also look at the genetic ...

Patients and family of patients requesting assisted euthanasia need to be thoroughly informed about the issue and the potential impact of the act of euthanasia in their lives. Euthanasia is defined in the dictionary as mercy killing. This means that the patient is in so much pain or his/her dignity would be further degraded by his/her sickness that terminating his/her life would be more compassionate or merciful. From a medical perspective, euthanasia is referred to as the “act or practice of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or an incurable condition” (American Heritage Medical Dictionary, 2007). ...

Arsenicosis is a medical condition that results from increased levels of arsenic elements in the bod and it is a global health concern that many states are vehemently fighting to eradicate. A study in 2007 noted that over 137 million people globally are victims of arsenic poisoning and many more face risks of exposure. For instance, the situation in Bangladesh has been alarming, where arsenic poisoning dates many decades back. Apparently, it has a population of over 156.6 million citizens and at least 90 percent face a chronic risk of exposure of the arsenic poisoning (Khan et al., 2003).
...

Summary overview:

The manufacture of beers has been in existence for quite a long while. Similarly, Keg beer has also been around for decades, although it has gone through a series of evolution to make it more desirable to consumers. In the process of all the evolution, the keg has become cost efficient and significantly reduced in its weight. From its initial manufacture, kegs were stored in wooden materials. This later changed as technology advanced, to usage of synthetic kegs which can withhold high pressures.
The assembly of keg is simply a process of few steps such as collection of the keg components, ...

Abstract

The seawater forms 97% of water of the world, and the icecaps account for 2%. The portion of water available for human consumption is barely 0.5% and that also in aquifers. The widening gap between availability and requirement of potable water especially in the Gulf countries has necessitated newer methods and technologies for production of water suitable for human consumption. This situation in the Gulf region has developed due to non- availability of surface water, high growth of population and urbanization, and water depletion. The present paper takes account of the desalinization of seawater plant established in Abu Dhabi ...

1. Introduction:
Mass communication and technological advancements go hand in hand. In easy word, both of them act as each other’s complements. With progressing times and advancement in every phase of life, every process of communication has evolved and that includes mass level interaction too. There are a number of different mediums of mass communication. Over the history, humans have invented and witnessed the most amazing technological inventions in the field of mass communication. Some of these mediums turned to become less functional and not capable of keeping up with the global progress. However, a few mediums out of ...

Sun plays crucial role in the life of the Earth. The entire organic world of our planet is obliged to the Sun for its existence. It is not only the source of light and heat, but also the original source of many other types of energy (oil, coal, water, wind). Since people appeared on the Earth, they began using the sun's energy. According to archaeological data, it is known that housing preference was given to quiet places, closed from the cold winds and open to the sun's rays.
Perhaps the earliest known solar system can be considered the ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), defined as pneumonia that was absent or not developing at intubation, is the second most common hospital acquired infection (Bahrt, 2009, p. 49). It is the most prevalent hospital acquired infection amongst mechanically ventilated patients in critical care units with an estimated 10-20% incidence rate in some hospitals. It affects approximately 28% of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for >48 hours (Button, Culmer, Southard, & Donaldosn, 2005). Patients on mechanical ventilation for >24 hours are 6 to 21 times more likely to acquire VAP than patients not on ventilator support. VAP is the ...

Today, Social media marketing is taking the front seat as far as the practice of marketing is concerned. Social media marketing is taken as the process of gaining web traffic and attention by means of social sites. Social media marketing campaigns concentrate on creating content that will draw the attention of readers who in turn share the information with friends and acquaintances (Zarrella). The corporate message stretches from a user to another and appear more convincing coming from a trusted acquaintance as opposed to when it comes directly from the company. This form of advertising is referred to as word of ...

Yves Saint Laurent is a French fashion designer renowned for making ready to wear clothing. Recently Yves Saint Laurent has changed the brand name to Saint Laurent Paris. The change in brand name to Saint Laurent Paris was introduced by the director Hedi Slimane. “Unfortunately, Hedi Slimane is no longer with the company (Phelps, 2016)” and the director is now” Anthony Vaccarello for Saint Laurent Paris (Milnes, 2016)”.
In the fashion world things are subject to change which is good in some ways. It depends on the timing of the change in the industry. To make sure the name ...

Radiology, without which it is impossible to imagine modern medicine, was born with the discovery of the penetrating radiation made by German physicist Roentgen. This industry has largely contributed to the development of medical diagnostics. As any other industry, its development was revolutionary and has been infuenced by modern technologies. Today, X-ray diagnostics gets a new development. Using age-old experience of traditional radiographic techniques and armed with new digital technologies, X-ray diagnostics is still a leader in diagnostic medicine.
In 1894 German physicist Roentgen (1845 - 1923) launched an experimental study of electrical discharges in the glass vacuum tubes. ...

Radiography can be defined as the science of making film records from X-rays, also known as radiographs of the human body’s internal anatomy, by exposing a film that has been sensitized to electromagnetic radiation to the body. It is with these photographs that a record is made out of the findings which are used for examination in the diagnostic processes (Hertrich, 2005). It was formally referred as ‘plain’ X-rays but was switched to the use of electromagnetic radiation because it is the suitable general term that covers the other types of medical imaging like ultrasound.
Radiography is usually ...

Abstract

In this condition, which affects one in every 8,500 people the chest and/or abdominal organs have their position inverted on the saggital plane, constituting a perfect mirror image. The relations between the organs are the same, so normally it won’t bring any harm to the patient with such condition. The onset of the situs inversus begins in the embryonic stage, when the tubular structure that will be the heart forms its loop.
However, there are situations of heart defects associated with this condition (or of other organs) and such represent much more severe risks for the patient. ...

Abstract

The uses of radiation revolutionized medicine when experimentation on its potential applications begun. X-Ray technology, discovered by Wilhem Roentgen, is currently used as a common tool for diagnostics; Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie and Pierre Curie dedicated themselves to further investigations in the field, discovering additional radioactive materials (polonium and radium); radiation therapy is a popular treatment for cancer. This paper analyzes the historical background behind these two applications of radiation in the medical field. Moreover, the different types of radiotherapy are described (external-beam radiation therapy, internal radiation therapy). The concept of radiation homeostasis, which is the notion that low-dose ...

[First Last Name]

Philosophy [Number]

[Date Month Year]

Research Question: What should be done about abortion?
Thesis Statement: Abortion is impermissible except when performed to save, not to take, life.
I. Abortion as a Utilitarianistic Act
Mothers who opted for abortion often base their decisions on factors that are favorable to them personally, making their utilitarianist philosophy essentially egoistic. Thus, a mother who opted to perform an abortion is essentially an egoistic utilitarianist.
Consequently, utilitarianism suffers from the problem of failing to respect the separateness of persons; that is, that of the mother and that of the unborn child (Jacobson 168). ...

Satellite has transformed the manner the world is being looked at, and the manner people send information about it. Similar to enormous mirrors in space, they may be employed to bounce internet data, telephone calls, and television pictures from one point of the globe to another at light speed. They are utilized for communication in addition to sensing information. From facilitating military drills during combats to facilitating planes and ships orbit the planet, and from predicting the weather to locating mineral deposits. A homemade satellite can build by persons for research or spy purposes. The following instructions demonstrate how ...

Digestion occurs in the gastrointestinal system, which is composed of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and the associated accessory organs.The process of digestion occurs through six steps, namely ingestion, secretion, mixing,digestion, absorption and defecation. (Tortora&Derrickson, 2008).

Anatomy of the digestive system

The GI tract or the alimentary canal is a long winding tube that measures approximately 30 feet (9 meters) in length. The mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and the anus make up the GI tract.The salivary glands, tongue, teeth, gallbladder, pancreas and the liver make up the associated accessory organs (Tortora&Derrickson, 2008).
The mouth. The mouth starts with the ...

Brief History

The company was established on 15th November 2012, and the primary objective was to be the leading insurance company in the United States of America. The line of business is insurance but apart from this the company also finances new business. The company provides insurances cover for all categories starting with business risk, accidents, health among many more other. The company has various ways to reach their customers. First they have a customer care department where they address all questions that clients May seek answers. After the customer has served there are questionnaires that they fills to help the company ...

Introduction

Cells are independent units of life. However, when a cell becomes part of an organism, it becomes part of a tissue and organ system. Cells in a tissue are joined to each other and to the extracellular matrix (ECM) by cell junctions. There are three kinds of cell junctions: Occluding junctions, anchoring junctions and communication junctions. Occluding junctions occur in the epithelium where the adjacent cells are so tightly sealed together that even small molecules cannot pass. Communicating junctions allow the exchange of chemical and electrical signals between cells. Anchoring junctions are the ones which attach a cell either to its neighbor or ...

Engineering

Abstract
Continuous Flight Augers (CFA) require special expertise to construct but done properly they are economical and very successful for areas with inconsistent load carrying capacities. Examples include using CFA pilings for guard rails, highway reinforcement, highway junction improvements and buildings. The CFA pilings are similar to driven and bored piles but offer different advantages when working in good to marginal soils and in projects where the load capacity needs vary. An auger with a hollow tube is used to bore the hole and then when the auger tip reaches the final depth concrete is added as the auger ...

The hydrometer is a device used in the direct evaluation of the specific gravity of a particular liquid. The hydrometer was invented by Antoine Baume, chemistry professor at Ecole de Pharmacie in the year 1768. Baumie invented two hydrometers; one measuring fluid denser than water and the other one for liquids less dense than water. The hydrometer is usually made of a thin glass tube which closed at both ends (Holmes, p.156). One of the ends is distended into a bulb which contains mercury or fine lead shot which enables the device to uprightly float in a fluid. The glass tube has a scale calibrated ...

Pregnancy and childbirth is the most important period in a woman’s life. In a menstrual cycle that is normal for a person and has the duration of 28 days the release of an egg called ovulation generally takes place in the range between the 12th and 14th days of the cycle. Egg must be fertilized in the fallopian tube not later than 24 hours after that, or it dies and dissolves.
Pregnancy on average lasts for 280 days if we count from the first day of the last menstrual period and 266 days from the time of ovulation. To calculate ...

The debate on euthanasia is certainly a charged one. Who can forget the tension of the Terri Schiavo case, so well publicized in the late 1990s and early 2000s? That very public battle over the fate of a single woman who would certainly never achieve a quality of life most would consider worth living was something that many Americans experienced in a far-too-personal way. In the end, her husband, Michael, was granted the legal right to remove her feeding tube, despite the objections of her parents. They were very much opposed to any such assisted death, although, to be honest, some would have ...

REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

Abstract
The research paper is on two of the organ systems. The discussion will be the reproductive and respiratory systems. The research will include the effects of the two body systems on the skin. The discussion will involve a brief description of reproduction and respiratory systems. In addition, the organs involved in the two systems will be discussed. The function of the systems and their organs will also be discussed. The health operations of reproduction and respiratory systems will be included in the discussion. Moreover, the pathologies, diseases and disorders that can cause effects on the skin are covered ...

Introduction

When choosing about a topic that falls in line with the human sexuality and protected sex, one tends to think what would contribute to our global community in totality. A concept is only powerful if it is presented clearly and its application is interpreted effortlessly.
Numerous scientists around the world have failed to crack the accurate formula of a Male Reversible Contraceptive. This does not show the right attitude towards innovation, but it does look like a clear challenge.
Currently estimated to be beyond six billions, the world population is anticipated to double in the next four decades. The projected ...

Gastro esophageal reflux disease is very common health problem these days, related to esophagus tube inside the stomach of a human body, the function of this tube is to carry the food from mouth to stomach. A hectic lifestyle and bad intake habits have made this disease vey common today.

Cause and Effect

The reason behind this disease is a muscle located at lower esophageal sphincter of the esophagus tube, when this muscle is not blocked appropriately or amount of gastric juice refluxed in it starts overflowing due to its excess quantity and irritates esophagus and results in heartburn and dysphagia. Other factors that ...

Circulatory and respiratory Systems: An anatomical and physiological analysis

Circulatory and respiratory systems form the most important organ systems in any animal as they are both responsible for transporting the life sustaining element of oxygen to every cell and tissue in the body, while also collecting the wastes and disposing of them through various organs. However, the anatomy and the physiology of these systems differ radically in each classification of animals, in effect throwing light on the various stages of evolution in different types of animals. In this paper we shall discuss the circulatory and respiratory systems in four animals with regards to their anatomy and physiology so ...

The human body and the way in which it operates is a wonder in itself, but there are many more wondrous systems which keep this body going in the way that it does. One such system is the circulatory system which is exclusively responsible for the distribution of blood towards all of the organs scattered within the body. There are many organs and a scattered network of blood vessels which all come together to get this system up and running, and any hitch in any one of these individual blood carriers could become tedious and sometimes even chronic for ...

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA
Ventilator associated pneumonia can be described as infection of the Lungs developing in a patient who has been kept on ventilator. Ventilators are used to help patients in proper breathing by administering oxygen with the help of a tube which is placed in the mouth nose or through a hole made in front of neck of the patient. Infection may develop due to entry of the germs through the tube and as a result, the germs may gain entry into the lungs of the patient leading to an infection. In order to bring down the rate ...

Abstract

Worldwide, ovarian cancer is ovarian cancer is the sixth most diagnosed cancer and is responsible for the most deaths annually than any other disease of the female reproductive system. It has a poor prognosis because the symptoms are vague even into Stage IV of the disease. Epithelial ovarian cancer constitutes about 90% of diagnosed cases. Research has demonstrated that hormone therapy, chronic pelvic inflammation, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline pathogenic variants are factors in the etiology of ovarian cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 is also associated with breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, fallopian tube cancer, prostate cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer. ...

Introduction

Tobacco companies are developing and advertising products that they claim have reduced harm on the health of the consumers. As a result of this development, the number of youths using e-cigarettes is increasing at a very alarming rate. Center for Disease Control states that the use of e-cigarettes among the middle school teenagers as well as high school students has been tripling every year. It increased from 4.5 percent in 2013 to 13.4 percent in the year 2014. This was a percentage of high school teenagers alone. The use of e-cigarettes among the youths has greatly surpassed the youths’ ...

Abstract

Because the airline industry is so effective as a form of travel, it is unlikely that the industry will unravel at the seams anytime soon—global business relies on the airline industry. However, there are significant challenges that will be faced by the airline industry in coming years, and each of these challenges must be addressed by the industry as they arise. Without constant adjustment and restructuring, airline companies will have difficulty surviving in such a difficult market. Understanding that the airline industry is not necessarily like other businesses or industries is important for an overall development of understanding— ...

Fist Name M.I. Last Name

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery

Enhance recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are “multimodal perioperative care pathways” that are aimed at promoting early recovery after surgery. (Melynk, Casey, Black & Koupparis, 2011). This should be achieved by sustaining preoperative organ function as well as by decreasing an intense postoperative stress response. (Melynk, Casey, Black & Koupparis, 2011). Research has demonstrated several advantages in utilizing ERAS. The length of stay in the hospital, overall outcome and complication rates all improved with the use of ERAS. (Rosenberg & Kayyali, 2014). However, even in light of the substantial research showing that ERAS protocols lead to improved ...

Pasteurization is a process that involves heating of raw milk to a certain temperature within a given set of time. This process kills harmful bacteria found in unpasteurized milk, for example, Salmonella, Listeria and E coli responsible for food borne illnesses. These bacterial organisms are responsible for human diseases such as Typhoid, diphtheria, Listeriosis and tuberculosis. The process was first initiated by Louis Pasteur in the year 1864. Pasteurized milk can stay for a certain period without refrigeration. However, refrigeration especially after opening the seal, is still necessary because of some nonpathogenic bacteria that because food spoilage and is non-receptive for heating.
...

The decrease in world’s petroleum and oil supply has led the nations to look for alternate sources of energy. As a result of this short-supply, unconventional gas reserves are gaining importance as alternative source of crude oil, where the unconventional gas reserves are estimated to contribute to 45% of the US gas production by the year 2035. Large-scale extraction of unconventional natural gas has resulted in the development of new and untested extraction technology such as hydraulic fracturing or hydrofracking, which is expected to develop rapidly in the next few decades near human settlements and pose a health hazard (Adgate, ...

On November 1, 2014 29-year-old Brittany Maynard committed suicide to spare herself a long drawn-out death from a stage 4 malignant brain tumor. Unlike many other Americans who commit suicide, Maynard announced her decision online weeks prior to her death and brought the issue of euthanasia into national headlines. Maynard’s family and physicians will not face charges because Maynard happened to live in Oregon, one of only five states that allows doctor-assisted euthanasia. The other states are Montana, Washington, Vermont and New Mexico. Maynard, originally from California, had to move herself and her family to Oregon in order to legally ...

Impact of social media upon politics has facilitated propagation of free speech in society. Owing to this influence, several nations have witnessed closure of tyrannical dictatorship. The Arab Spring is one such example that exhibits the influence of social media in instigating mass protests. Widely tagged as the Facebook or Twitter revolution, scholars have analyzed over 3 million tweets, YouTube videos and more than thousands of blog posts, and revealed that the social media played a pivotal role in the Arab Spring. The week before Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak resigned, daily tweets surmounted from 2,300 a day to 230,000 ...

Ball State University: Nursing 101

(Interventional) Radiology

Introduction

The application of principles of physics has led to technical advancements and the development of new techniques in the field of radiology. This has been a major factor which has revolutionized the diagnosis as well as a therapeutic approach in clinical medicine. Various improvements in medical imaging techniques involving the transition from analogue to digital imaging and continued developments in communication technology have together improved the processing capabilities of computers and generated a quantum leap in the area of micro instruments and molecular biology .Various enhancements in the field of radiology have led to immense benefits such as higher quality ...

Embryonic stem cell is a crucial factor in the developmental process of a multicellular organism. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived at early stages during development and eventually give rise to all type of tissues and organs in an animal. The ES cell lines have three properties consisting of self-renewal, primary chimera formation and pluripotency [1]. Pluripotency, a key feature of ESCs, refers to the capacity of a cell to differentiate into several different types of tissues [2]. An array of cellular factors play important role in maintaining pluripotency and determining cell fate in the developmental pathway. Negative effects on these factors may ...

[university name]

ABSTRACT

Studying of the outer space is called space science. The space exploration is the discovery and exploration of the outer space. The study of space is mainly done by the astronomers, later it was made as one of the divisions of space science. The astronomers explore the outer space with the help of the telescope. The physical explorations are conducted by the unmanned robotic probes and human space flight. In early centuries, the space race occurred between the Soviet Union and the United States of America during the period of cold war. The abstract of this research ...

How does the social media contribute to the spread and advancement of pop culture?

One of the phenomena’s of today’s popular culture is the emergency of social networking. Everywhere you hear about twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, MySpace and Facebook. In a group of 100 people aged 18 to 45, 80% of them are on the social media (Baumann, 142). With the wide spread use of cell phones, and the increased number of people who have joined the social media everyone from grade school children to grandparents are tweeting or posting. Web grounded network services make it possible to link people across various regions. Through prompt messaging and e-mail, online communities are created. Facebook ...

The power of media and its effects on the society cannot be underestimated. The media has a profound effect on people’s culture, values, and priorities. Perhaps the biggest influence the media has on individuals is its determination of reality. Today many societies fall victims to media influences. The media’s influences especially on kids are so palpable that scholars have debated if the media’s influence on youth and the society is sustainable. The media also is credited for positive roles that its plays in the society particularly in regard with information. This paper explores different theoretical approaches on ...

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the outcomes of NIV versus invasive mechanical ventilation in COPD patients.
Data Source: Relevant articles were identified from the following journals CHEST, Respiratory Care, European Respiratory Journal, Annals of Internal Medicine, and AHC Media.
Study selection: The articles identified consisted reports of two randomized controlled trials and three review articles which investigated the outcomes of NIV versus mechanical ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD, weaning of COPD patients on mechanical ventilation, and nocturnal management of COPD.
Data extraction: The study reviewed meta-analytic reviews, prospective randomized control trials, and retrospective observational studies. ...

The impact of social media on today’s world is growing more and more as each second passes by. Global social networks like Facebook, Twitter, You Tube, LinkedIn and likewise unite people from all parts of the world making the information flow faster than you can snap your fingers. Moreover, these means of social media are getting more popular every day and a smart entrepreneur cannot drop the importance of this fact for the promotion of his or her own business.
The definitions of social media vary. If we rely on Axel Schultze definition courteously researched by Chris Lake, ...

The respiratory system of humans comprises of a complex set of tissues and organs, which gets oxygen from the surrounding and carry it to the lungs. The basic role of the respiratory system is to provide the blood with oxygen so that the blood can convey oxygen to every body part. The respiratory system achieves this through inhalation and exhalation. When one breathes, oxygen is inhaled while carbon dioxide is exhaled. This gaseous exchange is the means of the respiratory system to get oxygen to the blood. The tissues and organs, which constitute the respiratory system of humans, are the ...

1) Explain what the PT/INR lab test measures.
PT/INR refers to Prothrombin time (PT) and INR refers to International normalized ratio (INR). PT/INR test measures the clotting time of blood in seconds. PT test can be performed using various reagents and so INR method is used to standardize the results obtained through PT test regardless of the reagent used. PT/INR test is often used in anticoagulation therapy to monitor the patient’s response to the drug being administered (Poller, 2004).
2) List the type/color top tube used to collect a patient specimen for a prothrombin time.
Light blue-top ...

This 102 Minutes that changed America documentary is about the terrorist attack on the Tuesday morning of September 2001. The terrorist hijacked four planes and two of those plains were intentionally flown to the south and North towers of the World trade center in the city of New York. The documentary clearly shows how the terror episode began. It shows how people were running up and down in confusion trying to escape the building that was dangerously oozing smoke. The documentary also shows the onlookers who were viewing from a distance of the terror event with faces filled with shock ...

Electronic spectroscopy is divided into two: Ultraviolet and Spectroscopy. Electronic spectroscopy is the earliest method of molecular spectroscopy and includes a phenomenon of interaction of molecules with ultra violet lights and visible lights. Absorption of photo results on electronic transition of molecules and electrons are promoted form ground state to higher electronic states. In the display of strata, spectra take the forms of horizontal scales, vertical scales, Ultra violet rays, and ORD. All the scales taken use wavelengths. Electronic spectra originated from the absorption of light photons by molecule results in electronic excitation of molecules with chromospheres. The electronic transition ...

I. Natural Radioactivity

Radioactivity is a natural phenomenon occurring in isotopes of elements with atomic numbers 20 and higher. This takes place in isotopes of elements with unstable atomic nuclei. Radiation-emitting isotopes are called radioisotopes. When an atom has an unstable nucleus, the number of protons and neutrons are not balanced and there are either too many protons or there are too few of it. This imbalance causes the nuclei to spontaneously decompose to form a more stable nucleus. During this process, energy or particles are released and this is known as radiation.
There are three types of radiation. These are either in ...