Validity Research Papers Samples For Students

The usefulness of a study or research is usually dependent on the accuracy and level of confidence of the findings. This will be subject to the procedures and steps as well as the variables used when carrying out the research. The level of accuracy and confidence of a research is determined by its validity; which is the level with which correct inferences are made from the research study results. A researcher always considers the confidence that all observations are from the given variables and the research was not manipulated. Such a kind of confidence shows the internal validity. Researchers use outcomes of ...

Research Design

Introduction
The study design is the investigator’s general plan for acquiring answers to the research questions[s] that are guiding the study (Breakwell, Smith, and Wright, 2012, p.8). The intentions of design are to help the researcher plan and execute the research in a way that will aid him or her obtain the intended results, a factor that would increase the chances of acquiring useful information as opposed to irrelevant data.
This study will use quantitative and exploratory descriptive designs within a cross-sectional study. The aim is to determine the correlation between self-harm adolescent girls who are receiving ...

Evaluate the Challenges of Conducting Qualitative Research; synthesize your findings and identify an appropriate qualitative research strategy for a study on managing diversity; analyze the issues associated with sampling, validity, reliability, and bias within the context of the study.

Introduction

The qualitative research model has long been used by researchers and scientists in ruling out the validity, reliability, and even in identifying presence of and the contribution of a certain range of factors in a particular population. Most of the time, qualitative studies are used in inquiring or going more deeply, meaning it deals with more than just knowing, about a certain issue in ...

In measurement, one tries to identify and express the dimensions, degree, capacity or quantity of a given variable. This process involves assigning values as determined by a certain set of rules. Research requires good measurement for its results to be trusted. Good measurement should be characterized by validity and reliability properties. These are the two major psychometric properties of a test for good measurement.

Reliability is the consistency of scores obtained from research instruments and apparatus that have been used in an assessment procedure. The four main forms of reliability include interrater reliability, test-retest, internal consistency and equivalent forms. A reliability coefficient ...

Psychology

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Abstract

Identifying and predicting psychopathic traits by analyzing childhood behaviours must be based on sound psychometrics to ensure scientifically reliable results. Statistical analysis using G-Power (computer model for calculations) aids in analyszing the results from surveys and personality assessments which are administered to teens and young adults from communities, colleges, juvenile homes and jails in order to understand how the data from self reported questionnaires can reliable be used to predict psychopathic behavior. The ability to do so would be very helpful for counseling and could possibly help avoid psychopathic behaviors in young people that are self-destructive ...

Abstract

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Test is used by the psychologists to determine the extent of depression among the patients so that adequate interventions and treatments can be incorporated to hinder the extent of depression. There are certain errors that can effect the test specially when respondents fail to understand the questions and are under influence of drugs or alcohol, due to which their responses do not remain valid to draw conclusions. The errors during the manual calculation of scores can lead to false interpretation whereas the prevalence of construct validity is also required to incorporate the consistent level ...

Philosophy Research Proposal

The research question chosen for this paper is the determination of the existence of a relationship between the type of therapeutic intervention and self-harming behaviors in adolescent girls. The author of this paper has hypothesized that there is indeed a correlation between the type of therapeutic intervention and the resulting self-harming behaviors among adolescent girls. This means that adolescent girls receiving a certain therapeutic intervention will display a more significant decrease in self-harming behaviors as opposed to adolescent girls who do not receive a therapeutic intervention.
For the null, hypothesis, it would basically suggest that there is no correlation ...

Vocational Assessments

Introduction
In psychology and career counseling, vocational assessments play an important role in career planning. Vocational assessments are most often used as metric for children who are transitioning from school to work and adult life, and are meant to determine student expectations for the transition planning process, as well as how these students perceive the future (Dutta et al., 2008). Through vocational assessment, children are also meant to receive practical advice or realistic responses to their own aspirations and goals, as well as indicate how the child might best be able to serve in a particular field or career. ...

Introduction

In the research on disaster management during a disastrous situation both natural and man-made disasters such as earthquakes, hurricane, tornadoes and terrorist attacks, I would suggest to use Descriptive Design. These kind of design provides answers to the questions of where, when, what, who and how. It provides information concerning the existing status of the happening and explains what exists with respect to the condition of the situation (Creswell & Creswell, 2007). It involves collecting data in order to test hypotheses or answer questions concerning the current status of the situation. It also involves conversion of data in numerical form so ...

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design
The research design is a procedural plan adopted by the researcher to answer research questions objectively, accurately, validly and economically. In general, the research design plays two key roles. First, it aids in the identification and development of logical arrangements and procedures required to undertake a study. Second, the design lays emphasis on the quality (objectivity, validity and accuracy) of the underlying procedures. When conducting research, it is vital to note that the research design is distinct from the method through which data are collected.
In general, there are a number of ways in which research designs ...

Validity of a Qualitative Strategy

Introduction
The essential idea of a qualitative research is the credibility of all the data gathered presented in a narrative or explanatory way for the readers to comprehend or interpret the text and its meaning.
The essential idea to understand is the entire concept of a qualitative research or approach. According to Yin (2015) qualitative research is “doing original research and pursuing three important objectives: transparency, methodicness, and adherence to evidence” (p. 3). Koch Rumrill (2014) had the same perspective towards qualitative as the type of study approach tackles different phenomena. Qualitative research depends on the credibility of the ...

Citation: Busso, C., & Narayanan, S. (2007). Interrelation between speech and facial gestures in emotional utterances: a single subject study. Audio, Speech, and Language , X(XX), 1–16. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4317558
Single subject research has always posed some significant challenges to researcher s and scientists working in the field of experimental psychology. The fact remains that unlike popular opinion, single subject research can have statistical validity and can provide the necessary tools to provide usable data during many experiments(Kratochwill, 1978). Horner et al., (2005) provided some useful insights on how to assess the quality of a single subject research paper.
...

Elements of a Quantitative Research Article

This paper will appraise a quantitative article by Lin and Ma (2009). The article is entitled “Willingness of nurses to report medication administration errors in Southern Taiwan: A cross-sectional survey”. The appraisal will identify the following aspects of the article population, research study design, independent and dependent variables, and sampling techniques. In addition, it will discuss issues related to the internal and external validity of the study.
The population in research is defined as all individuals or objects with the same defining attributes (Polit & Beck, 2008, p. 67). The population for the study consisted of all nurses in Southern ...

Lisa Gomez

Argosy Online University
This research was carried out as partial fulfillment towards the Research Methods course at Argosy University by Lisa Gomez.
Abstract
The study evaluates the research question: Does health promotion strategies help alleviate stress? The study uses a sample size of twenty five respondents; the five respondents were added to compensate for attrition. The study used the stratified random sampling technique. This technique is appropriate for the study because of the different levels of stressing factors the workers are exposed to due to the nature of their job. The inclusion criterion for the study is ...

Introduction

Adolescence is a time when a person’s physical, psychological, social and cognitive growth is of great importance. During this time, the person is not a child and they are not yet an adult and some of the choices made at this time in regards to their health, lifestyle, and attitudes can be continued into adulthood. People in this stage are greatly influenced both academically and socially by social interactions. Some relationships established in academic institutions with peers and authority figures are said to be major socializing agents, especially for middle school students. Even though school is considered a ...

Quasi-experiments are research designs that attempt to mimic an experimental design. However, the researcher cannot control the assignment of study participants to groups: a key feature for true experiments (Wadsworth, n.d.). This paper explores quasi-experiments as a research design.

Part 1

Advantages of Quasi-experiments
Firstly, quasi-experiments, as the name suggests, are not true experiments. They contain elements of both a true experimental and correlational research (Jackson, 2012). Therefore, they allow the researcher to obtain stronger conclusion compared to when they conduct a pure correlational research. Secondly, quasi-experiments are useful in circumstances when conducting a true experiment is either infeasible or very ...

Introduction

The Computer Anxiety Scale, popularly known as SCALE is a psychological test. It is used by industrial and organizational psychologists to assess and measure the levels of anxiety as a result of using computers. The test can also be used to measure anxiety in people who do not interact directly with computers but spend a lot of time in computer environments. The test was designed and authored by E. R. Oetting. It was published in 1983 by the Rocky Mountain Institute of behavior Science. The publisher’s postal address is Box 1066, Fort Collins and the postal code is 80522. The publisher’ ...

Utilitarianism theory is the philosophy that considers the greatest good as where the happiness of a hefty number of people is satisfied (Hawley, 2011). This philosophy is essential when making decisions for the society that would benefit it the most regardless of the suffering it brings to other individuals. It is morally right if the actions yield happiness and not pain. Most theorists claim that that achievements like living a quality lifestyle is part of their happiness. Nonetheless, government policies are considered utilitarianism in the policy making since they are aimed at benefiting many people.

Secondly is the deontological theory. It ...

Introduction

When tests are carried out, it is important to determine their validity and reliability. The researcher must consider the validity and reliability of a test before deciding on which test to use in a research. This is because these two factors have an impact on the accuracy and credibility of the results of the research. Outcomes of well undertaken tests can be used to predict future trends on the research topic

A reliable test is one whose outcomes can be depended on when making decisions because of its consistency. It implies that the test can be depended upon for other purposes ...

Leonard, K. E., & Senchak, M. (1996). Prospective Prediction of Husband Marital Aggression within Newlywed Couples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105(3), 369-380. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.libproxy.edmc.edu/docview/614334051/fulltextPDF/FCFC506C6EB54845PQ/1?accountid=34899
The research is qualitative and is aimed at finding out the respondents’ thoughts and feelings on a subject. The study is designed to answer questions of where, when, how and why. The research is made up of selecting a sample of the respondents whom are a representation of a certain population he intends to generalize. The methodology selected for the study is intended to analyze the data correctly. The following is an analysis and ...

Critique of Article

The article chose for research critique is titled: “Staff burnout in pediatric oncology: new tools to facilitate the development and evaluation of effective interventions”. (Mukherjee, Beresford and Tennant, 2014)
Background: Stress and associated burn-out syndrome, are common among staffs working in pediatric oncology. However, there has been no serious efforts to understand, grade and devise ways to combat this problem. As an initiative in this direction, the study was designed to develop a research instrument that measures stressful and rewarding experiences among staff. The article is organized as introduction, methods, result, discussion, conclusion and acknowledgement. A brief abstract will ...

Note 1

The note observes the essentials of validity of evidence. It correctly observes the three main types of validity, that is, relationship based, criterion related and content based. Ideally, the validity of evidence is essential in noting the variables in data and information. The note takes the discussion to the extreme by illustrating some of the application of the validity evidence. For instance, in showing the relation based validation, the note examines the relationship between shark attacks and ice cream consumption in the beach. It is concluded based on credible evidence that the number of shark attacks were directly proportional ...

Increased corporate scandals due to unethical behaviours have led to the introduction of ethical code of conduct. Ethical code of conduct govern the behaviour of all employees within an organization or a given profession. The practise of Industrial/Organization psychology is governed by a set of ethics. In the course of their day to day practise, psychologists at large face a myriad of ethical issues and concerns. These are not limited to issues concerning confidentiality, application of multiple rater systems, dual relationships, and multiple relationships. It is with this background that this paper seeks to discuss ethical issues presented in X Corp Company. ...

Final Project: Early Methods Section

Introduction
While stress cannot be entirely removed from the workplace or life, one can develop coping skills with relative ease. Stress has shown to contribute to physical conditions like high blood pressure, ulcers and stroke. As such, stress reduction directly impacts the improvement of one’s physical health. Health promotion strategies employ different approaches in improving the physical and mental health of an individual. Approaches that use multiple strategies have proven more effective when compared to stand-alone approaches. Health promotion strategies offer health information so as to create awareness and capacity among individuals to make decisions concerning health ...

Research Study Proposal

Background of problem

Riordan Manufacturing is a firm whose business is molding plastic injections. The strategic objective of the firm is to be a high-performing organization. The firm management believes that in order to achieve this objective, Riordan Manufacturing need to hire people with the ability to be effective leaders into sales leadership positions. In the past, Riordan Manufacturing promoted internal employees to be sales leaders basing their performance in their current roles. However, the management of Riordan Manufacturing changed the selection process to hiring externally by comparing candidates and picking the best.

Purpose of the research

Sales records at Riordan Manufacturing have shown that ...

Teenage Alcoholism

Article 1: Strandberg, A. K. & Bodin, M. C. (2011). “Alcohol-Specific Parenting within a Cluster Randomized Effectiveness Trial of a Swedish Primary Prevention Program.” Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 111 (2), 92-102.
With regards to the problems that affect people later in life as a result of alcoholism, underage drinking is a matter that should be addressed perspicaciously. As Strandberg & Bodin report in their article, research has shown that parents can influence the time when their children start drinking, which justifies the need for an alcohol-specific mode of parenting. As used in the article, alcohol specific parenting is a style of parenting in which the ...

ISSUE OF PUBLIC HEALTH: TYPE II DIABETES

Diabetes is a significant problem in places like the United States, particularly type II diabetes. Type II diabetes is often associated with obesity and poor lifestyle choices, although genetic predisposition also seems to play a role in the development of the disease (Look AHEAD Research Group, 2013). The three studies chosen for discussion here are all studies that examine the impact of diet and lifestyle choices on people who have type II diabetes; many of these researchers are interested in developing methods to offset the significant health risks and population-wide costs of such high prevalence of the disease.
The ...

Psychological testing

Psychological test are a kind of categorized measure of mental and behavior of a person with an objective. It is basically structured to make assessments of constructs that are barely unobserved. These tests incorporate to identify, assess and measure the tasks that any respondent has to give a solution to. They are closely related to the questionnaire tools but are different in the aspect of the performance that is expected where it requires much more response in comparison to the questionnaires (Archer, 2006). It is important to state that an important and effective test is supposed to carry with it the characteristic ...

Test Development, Part One

Test Development, Part One
Test Plan for Measuring Knowledge of validity and Reliability
Test format: multiple choice test
Test Length: 20 items (30 Minutes)

Test Universe: This test is designed to measure the knowledge the participant possesses in reliability and validity of testing.
KNOWLEDGE OF TERMS AND CONCEPTS
TYPES OF RELIABILITY
Test-retest method

Internal consistency method

Scorer reliability method

Subtotal: 15%
RELIABILITY COEFFICIENTS

Cohen’s kappa

Correlations in two test administrations

Standard error of measurement

Confidence interval

Subtotal: 25%
EVIDENCE OF VALIDITY
Test content

Response process

Internal structure

Relations to ...

Comparing Qualitative Designs

The first research was done by Harding& Perkins (2008). The purpose of this research is to explore and report the experiences of male nurses in the context of providing physical intimate care. This research seeks to find out why male nurses are victimized for applying the intimate touch in their clinical practice (Harding & Perkins, 2008).

The design of this research is descriptive since it aims to obtain information on the status of a phenomenon which has been previous research. Unlike in a longitudinal design the research does not look at all aspects of the previous research but only focuses on ...

Introduction

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is one of several instruments that will investigate the personalities in people and assess them and give results that are easy to remember (in this case, the result is a four letter designation that lists preferences, or styles, in descending order). There are eight of these preferences, listed as pairs of opposites: Extroversion (E) or Introversion (I), Sensing (S) or Intuition (N), Thinking (T) or Feeling (F), and Judging (J) or Perceiving (P). Since one of each of contrasting tendencies will be listed, that results in 16 possibilities to describe the person's personality. It is ...

Explain the difference between multiple independent variables and multiple levels of independent variables. Which is better?

It is important to note that design experiment requires researchers to decide on the type of dependent variable that they should use in their respective study and distinguish the same from the independent variables. However, every research ought to have a single dependent variable, but the independent variables can be many, an aspect that makes the independent variables be considered as parameters. Therefore, for our case, multiple independent variables indicate the use of many parameters in conducting a study. For example, if we take a survey to find the extent of obesity in a given area, and take the ...

Questions

Was our staff friendly?
Did you get the assistance that you needed?

Were all your questions answered?

Were you satisfied with your overall experience today?
Would you recommend our service to your family and friends?
(Smith, 2014; Physician Practice Resource Center, n.d.)

Method or Instrument for Gathering Data

A Likert-scale survey will be used for gathering data. A Likert scale uses “fixed choice response formats and are designed to measure attitudes or opinions” (McLeod, 2008). They measure the levels of disagreement or agreement under the assumption that it is possible for attitudes to be measured. The survey will be distributed in print format, which is preferred to an online or ...

Introduction

Quantitative research design involves the acquisition of a sample through random or purposive sampling techniques and then the sample is used for statistical analysis. The findings of the statistical analysis are then used to make an inference about the population. Quantitative data focuses on the use of numerical data and statistical tests which require certain requirements to be met. Quantitative research methods just like the other methods assist the researchers to obtain important information using limited resources and time restrictions.
In most cases, experimental methods involve the use of control and experimental groups where the control group undergoes a ...

Psychology

The independent variable identified for the study include the individuals who score high on MMPI and the dependant variable identified for the study is the reporting of instances of social injustices. The first hypothesis will be tested out using regression analysis. The independent t-test will measure the difference between MMPI scores of both groups and also determine the difference in the number of social injustice cases. The scale of measurement used is nominal because the data is easily differentiated. Nominal measurement is done through a YES/ NO and a likert scale. Numbers are assigned to the nominal items to gather the ...

The variables

Stress can occur to any human being. Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to the demands of life particularly to traumatic incidences. The process of induced abortion or natural is a stressful time for many women (Adler, N. E., David, H. P., Major, B. N., Roth, S. H., Russo, N. F., & Wyatt, G. E. 1990, p. 41). The stress can occur before and after abortion. In this study we are focusing only on post abortion stress. Women who undergo abortion natural or induced are likely to experience acute stress i.e. Acute stress originates from the demands and pressures of ...

The quality of the research data depends on the reliability and validity of the instruments used to collect information. Bernard (2000) defines validity as the “accuracy and trustworthiness of instruments, data, and findings in research” (p.46). He maintains that if the questions that are used to get data from people are not valid instruments, then the collected data is also not valid. In turn, reliability is “whether or not you get the same answer by using an instrument to measure something more than once” (Bernard, 2000, p.47). For example, a thermometer is a reliable instrument because it would present the same ...

Bloch, F., Gautier, V., Noury, N., Lundy, J.E., Poujaud, J., Claessens, Y. E. & Rigaud, A.S. (2011). Evaluation under real-life conditions of a stand-alone fall detector for the elderly subjects (Bloch et al., 2011). Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 54 (2011):391–398.
This quantitative study by Bloch et al., evaluates the experience of 10 elderly adults aged 75 and above with the use of the VigiFall. The purpose of the research was to also to assess the participants’ acceptability and tolerance of the device in real-life settings. The accelerometric sensor of VigiFall was attached to the participants’ thorax ...

Introduction

All human beings are creatures of habits, both good and bad and while our lifestyle can make us free from of rethinking everything that we are or want to do, anytime we do it, our way of life can also enslave us to doing things that can be very destructive to our life in the long run (Stroh, 2011). These habits can be very hard to deal with, even at point where we know we must, it is hard to avoid. Wealth of knowledge and experience in enhancing the quality of health care has accumulated globe over many decades.
...

BDI-Older Adults

Among the older adults, the screening for depressive symptoms is important because of the ubiquitous nature of mood problem in this population. Despite the low rates of diagnosable depression, depressive symptoms are relatively high with an estimate of 15 to 25 percent. These symptoms among the old are associated with decreased social functioning, poor quality of life, physical disability, cognitive impairment and suicide (Segal, et. al, 2008). A case study involving 64 adult women from independent living facilities was conducted by Jefferson, Powers and Pope (2000) and the report showed that the BDI-II had good internal consistency. Further reports ...

Psychology

Abstract
There have been increasing notions on matters regards to the essentiality of in-class experiment on the students’ performance. Historically the researchers have offered varying analogies on the respective entities in regarding the issue. The various historical claims made on the value of laboratory work in schools have been based on both perspectives and facts that various researchers have established. The commonly contradicting notion by various stakeholders in respective to the issue argue that the students are basically unaware of some of the essence experiments. They argue that some of the experiments by the students they have no ...

In Yuan et al. (2009), a study was conducted in order to “assess the effects of exercise intervention on nurses’ health-related physical fitness” (p. 1404). According to their methods, an intervention program was administered to nurses at a medical center in central Taiwan, surveying the nurses on their basic health information. As the intervention was conducted, the Labour’s Physical Fitness Test Method was used to measure the physical fitness of the nurses. A series of intense exercises were used that were nonetheless easy to perform and measure, through the use of measurement tools such as adjustable steps and other exercise ...

Interpretative phenomenological analysis: mental Illness

Abstract
There are various anomalous experiences reported as enhancing instead of showing poor mental health. The experiences are out of body where the person’s body and self are said to be phenomenologically separated. The objective of the study was to look into these experiences and their after effects. A phenomenological, idiographic, qualitative approach was used. Participants were three individuals who took part in face to face interviews that were semi structured. Interpretative phenomenological analysis found out that off body experiences occurred during personal significance times. They were linked to the lives of participants beyond the occurrence point ...

and Alcohol Knowledge

The Effectiveness of Prevention Programs on Underage Drinking

and Alcohol Knowledge
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2007) considers underage drinking a major public health problem. In 2008, emergency rooms treated around 190,000 juveniles for injuries related to alcohol abuse (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2011). Alcohol is the most widely used drug by minors in the United States, accounting for 11% of all alcohol consumption. Binge drinking accounts for more than 90% of juvenile alcohol abuse. According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), even though the level of alcohol use among juveniles has dropped significantly ...

A case study refers to the investigation of a contemporary phenomenon using real-life scenarios. The researcher will investigate a single unit or several single units and use the findings to generalize across a larger set of units (Gerring, 2004). It is a qualitative type of research. The researcher applies a clinical, ethnographic and observation approach. It is an important research method as it brings clarity about a complex issue or contributes evidence to what was known before the research. Case study research generally answers questions that begin with “why” and “how”.

The researcher will carry out a literature to ascertain the evidence that exists concerning the ...

Research Topics

Two research articles are discussed and they include an article by Sinha, R. (2011) which aims at establishing whether traditional tribes and caste groups have lower body mass index compared to other ethnic groups. The other article is by Weber, E. (1999) which analysis the difference in the perception and preference of risk across cultural groups.

Research objectives

The research objective in this article by Sinha, R. (2011) was to compare differences in BMI with reference to age. Weber, E. (1999) research objective was to establish the lreationship that exist between culture and the perception and preference of risk.

Theory or ...

Introduction

Hypertension is among the most progressive and widespread health problems that contributes to significant negative outcomes including increased mortality as well as morbidity rates especially among the African-Americans. Typically, African-Americans usually develop the disease in their early stages of life, have higher blood pressure levels on average and experience various severe hypertension-related illnesses as compared to the other racial groups (Ferdinand, 2013). Although hypertension is untreatable, the illness can be effectively managed through the use of medications and establishing the relevant lifestyle changes. Nonetheless, management of hypertension is suboptimal among the African-Americans due to various factors such as poor ...

Evaluation is one of the most essential aspects in EBP projects that helps in determining the effectiveness of the intervention. In addition, evaluation of the EBP project helps to identify the relevant modifications that can be made to enhance the effectiveness of the intervention so as to foster optimal patient outcomes (Moch et al., 2015). As such, this emphasizes the need to develop a comprehensive evaluation plan so as to assess whether the objectives of the project are achieved and the impact of the intervention in regard to behavioral changes as well as the outcomes of the target population.

Methods used in collecting outcome data

...

Attitudes and Beliefs of Hypnosis amongst Mental Health Professionals and the Impact on the Availability of Hypnosis Training in Counseling Training Programs

Abstract

Nine out of ten general practitioners are approached by their patients for information regarding alternative and complementary therapies, including hypnotherapy, and three out of four GPs provide referalls for hypnotherapy (Hall & Giles-Corti, 2000). A minority of healthcare providers, however, has ever received formal education and training in hypnosis, and a majority relies on lay information from the media and other non-authoritative sources to form its opinions about the merits or demerits of hypnotherapy. Mental healthcare standards dictate ...

The study will aim to find answers to research questions which include:

Does there exist a difference in depression symptoms in men and women?
What factors contribute to this difference, for instance, social and economic factors?
Can the factors contributing to this difference be controlled?
The study will be based on the hypothesis, men are more prone to depression in comparison to women. The null hypothesis for the study is, there does not exist any relationship between depression symptoms and gender of people experiencing these symptoms (Gonzalez, 2016).
The study will randomly select participants of different ages with at least 40 participants being between the ages of 20 and 30 and ...

Nursing

Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Quantitative and qualitative researches differ in their approach to the nature of phenomenon they study. Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount and is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity. On the other hand, qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomena, and is concerned about discovering the underlying motives and desires of the subjects (Kothari, 2004, p.3). Qualitative research studies smaller groups that are not randomly selected, while quantitative research studies larger and randomly selected groups. Qualitative research is holistic, looking at the big ...

Introduction

It is easier to confirm that a crime has been committed than to identify and prove the culprits or the suspects who have committed the crime. The American criminal justice system finds it hard to identify and convict the suspects who have committed serious felonies when the victims and members of the public fail to identify the suspects and testify in court. In such situations, the American criminal justice system has been compelled to depend on the DNA profiling and testimonies provided by the eyewitnesses to identify, prosecute and convict the suspects. Although the criminal justice system depend on the ...

Before embarking on a research topic, it is always important that the researcher determines the bets research design and methods to apply in their research. This determination is guided by the purpose of the study and he variables that are under consideration. In this case, the life of separation is at as to whether the research should adopt a qualitative approach or a quantitative approach (Yilmaz, 2013). Those researches that adopt qualitative approaches have their focus on understanding a particular phenomenon by collecting and analyzing evidence from the populations of target. Quantitative studies are more specific and focus on determining the patterns as ...

A Review of a Journal article

What are the key objectives of the study?
The key objective of the study is to guide the reader about all the aspects of the research processes, which mainly includes objective formulation, choosing appropriate research methods, securing participants of the research and data collection, analysis and interpretation.

What is the research problem?

The research problems refer from simple to complex, depending on the nature and number of variables (both dependent and independent) and the nature and relationship between the variables (Bryman, 2012, pp. 3). Once you understand the nature of the problem, it will make you able to develop the result of a specific ...

Introduction

There is a wide array of healing practices that fall outside the norm of contemporary medical practices. Alternative medicine, therapies, natural healthcare practices, spiritual healing among many others are but the few terms used to describe these practices. Medical schools did not offer classes or lessons in alternative medical healing and preventative practice neither was it advocated in mainstream hospitals (Ernst, 2010). But this has changed in the last few years with medical practitioners accepting that some of these practices do a world of good for their patients where western medicine fails. Some of these practices offer the patients with relive ...

Article One: Nisha, J., Xavier, L., & Wilma, C. (2013). Is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Stage and Independent Risk Factor for Altering the Periodontal Status of HIV-Positive Patients? A South African Study. BMC Oral Health, 13(69).

Credibility of the Article

The current article is a peer-reviewed article that based on an empirical study that was carried out with the intent of establishing the correlations that exist between HIV and periodontal disease. This article as co-founded by Nisha, John, and Xavier, Stephen. Wilma, Charlene also contributed to the contents contained in the current article. Apart from being a peer reviewed article, the credibility of the current ...

The Article: Providing an earlier warning of Emerging Drug Trends: the Fore Var System by Jane Mounteney and Siv-Elin Leirvang

In the analysis, the author postulates that the Fore Var System is one of the information systems that is anchored on the recommendations and research findings of EMCDD study. Unlike other information systems, the Fore Var System was invented to render and disseminate swift information, timely identification and regulate drug patterns in the environs of Bergen City (Mounteney & Leirvang, 2004). In other words, the Fore Var System is an effective local-regulating system that analyses, reports and monitors data about drug patterns in the city after six months. The system is an essential component for the policy makers and other ...

Abstract Research methods in social sciences have two basic categories; qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative research involves asking people's opinions in a structured manner in order to produce hard facts and statistics. In contrast, qualitative research is an explanatory research with the main focus being to gain insights into the helps or problems to develop a hypothesis for potential quantitative research (Cohen et al., 2010). Quantitative research is used to quantify defined variables such as opinions and attitudes, and generalizing results from a larger sample. They use measurable data in formulating facts and unearthing research patterns. Qualitative data collection methods take the ...

Critical Analysis

The research is assessed on a number of factors. Firstly, the research is evaluated on the literature cited, the methodology used and the results presented. From the critical analysis, it is evident that the results, which confirm the hypothesis, were vulnerable to social priming. According to the researchers, there is a positive correlation between psychological dominance and odor sexiness, as assessed by women in stable relationships during their fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. However, critical analysis of the methodology and the results reveals that these results were obtained because women in stable relationships had been primed. For this reason, it ...

Facilitator:

Introduction
Emergency management has customarily been considered as the duty of the government and other disaster management bodies. The society entirely believes that these institutions have a role to play during the disasters and in the aftermath. However, many people fail to visualize the effective ways that the victims can apply in saving their situation when faced by a disaster (Perry, 2003). Neglecting the significant role of victims during disasters is a misinformed perspective since effective incorporation of victims in emergency management can better the situation. The paper explores the idea of engaging victims in emergency management by focusing on the ...