Vector Research Papers Samples For Students

Introduction

As it was shown in previous sections discussed in class, the set Mmn of all m×n matrices is a vector space under the operations of matrix scalar multiplication and addition. In this paper, we will describe the set of all linear transformations of an n-dimensional vector space V into an m-dimensional vector space W, which is also a vector space U. This is the vector space under two defined operations. The relationship between Mmn and U will be also described.

Body

Consider V and W – two vector spaces of the dimensions n and m, respectively. Let the following linear ...

Introduction

Different protocols are in use to ensure end-to-end delivery of data packets between networks. These protocols use different types of metrics in determining the best path to take in delivering a packet to a destination network. The use of routers in internetwork communication necessitates ensuring that the routers have the required information to determine the paths to a destination network. Some of the information needed by a router to route packets between networks include the destination address, the routers connected to it, the possible routes to other networks and the best route to networks. A router determines information about other routers especially the ...

- Introduction
Onchocerciasis, or more commonly called as river blindness, is a parasitic disease, in which the parasite breeds in water. The organism causing the disease, Onchocerca volvulus, is a thin worm that can live for up to 14 years in the human body. The disease is transmitted from one person to another by the bite of a blackfly vector (WHO, 2001).
It is a debilitating skin disease particularly prevalent in poor and rural African countries. The affected person has severe itching. It affects the eyes too resulting in blindness. Blackflies, which transmit the disease from person to person, deposit infected ...

Good and Bad of Gene Therapy

Genes refers to the basic physical as well as functional units that play part in the hereditary process. They have specific base sequences that are involved in encoding information on the way proteins are made. The alteration of the gene results in a protein that is not in a position to carry out the desired function in the body resulting in genetic disorders. To solve these genetic disorders, a technique known as gene therapy was developed. The technique, aims at correcting the defects that are in the gene that is responsible for causing the disease to develop (National Institutes of Health, 2012).
...

History of dengue

Dengue is described by the World Health Organization (n.d.) as a fast emerging pandemic viral disease with worldwide prevalence. The viral disease was initially traced to the epidemics in Java and in Egypt in 1779. Some literatures trace back the virus and its vectorsto the Chin Dynasty. It was hypothesized that the disease occured in the Western hemisphere in the midddle of the 17th century and believed to originate from tropical America. However, some researchers would point out that the accounts of dengue outbreaks were traced back during the 18th and 19th century in Southeast Asia.The dengue outbreaks in ...

1.0 Introduction
Malaria is a devastating public health problem in Benin and is the principal cause of mortality and morbidity among children under five. The annual malaria mortality in Benin is more than 1000. In addition, it is an enormous economic burden to households in Benin with many households spending up to 25% of their income on prevention and treatment of the disease. Given that in Benin, a person can contract the disease an average of 3-6 times every year, the direct and indirect economic implication of malaria is enormous. As matter of fact, Malaria is endemic in Benin and ...

Globally, there sit eh concern about food security. This has been propagated by the current changes in climate and the environmental degradation which has been propagated by the global warming issues. The rainfall patterns have changed and the production patterns in different parts of the world have been negatively affected. As such, there has been the need to come up with ways of curbing the food insecurity and ensuring that the people are food secure. Scientists, agriculturalists and basically everyone else has taken a step towards ensuring that there is food security in the world. Various interventions have been suggested, ...

Introduction

In today’s world, data analysis consists of several phases that include data collection, preprocessing, clustering and identifying patterns among them. In neural networks, we mainly focus on the clustering and pattern recognitions in data. Clustering refers to the partitioning of a data set into subsets (clusters) so that data in each subset ideally share some common characteristics.
The neural network is based on the learning process of the brain, where learning means to get knowledge by study, experience or being taught. There are two types of learning involved, supervised and unsupervised. Supervised learning involves discovering patterns in the ...

Introduction

Malaria is major life threatening disease, transmitted through mosquitoes and caused by parasites. Plasmodium virus causes malaria in humans. A recent study and WHO Statistics revealed that around 625,000 individuals died because of Malaria in the year 2012. Malaria has affected more than 200 million people in over 75 countries in the past 50 years. The sub-Saharan Africa covering to about 50% of malarial cases alone. DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was introduced in the year 1874. The insecticidal properties of DDT was discovered in the year 1935 and has been used worldwide ever since. Many early studies had revealed the ...

Public Health

Public Health
Today, many diseases, which emerge can be transmitted to a large number of population in different parts of the world. Everyone is vulnerable, even though technology and other health care informatics are evolving every day. However, there are efforts from different professionals in the medical field to address all health concerns and diseases that target the human species.
In 2015, the Zika virus disease has been identified as a local transmission in Brazil and continue to spread through different areas of the United States. In the following year, travel-associated cases have been reported to increase. In addition ...

Gene replacement refers to a technique which utilizes homologous recombination (Carter & Shieh, 2010, p. 265), to make alterations by either adding a gene, deleting a gene or including point mutations. Gene replacement attempts to cure most of the genetic diseases at molecular level. A successful gene replacement prevents a protein from causing harm, giving new functions to proteins, and recovering or enhancing the normal function of a protein. This technique is commonly used to prevent, treat or improve animals. This is a permanent process that is very beneficial to animals. The process of animal gene replacement involves several processes ...

INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Q1.

GIS has been given several meanings over the years in various disciplines and areas of study. Interestingly, all these definitions of GIS attest to the uniqueness of spatial data since geographic locale is an essential peculiarity of strategies, plans, policies, and activities. Below is a sum up definition: GIS can be defined as a computer-based methodology and technology used to collect, analyze, model, manage, and present geographical information or data for a vast dimension of applications (Tyler pg. 210)

Components of GIS

People- Individuals are by far the most fundamental part of a GIS. The procedures and task definitions that are ...

Yellow fever is a classic viral hemorrhagic fever and is an example of diseases of antiquity. It was first described in 1667 in Barbados. The name of the disease is derived from the appearance of those infected (usually a yellow tinted skin). It was earlier called as Yellow Jack because jaundice is a prominent sign in severe cases. Devastating epidemics of yellow fever were prevalent in the Americas, Europe and Africa from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. The mortality rate for yellow fever is about 20% (Narins 2003).

Cause

Yellow fever virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus (Family: Flaviviridae) and is the ...

1.0 Description of the article
The paper will review an article published in the emerging infectious diseases journal on “Reduced Efficacy of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITN) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) for Malaria Control in Pyrethroid Resistance Area, Benin”. The study compared the effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides used in ITN and IRS in two villages, Ladji and Malanville. In most of the malaria-endemic African countries, including Benin, ITN and IRS are the principal methods used in preventing malaria through vector control. In the two vector control methods, pyrethroid has been the preferred insecticides in the last decade due to ...

Fundamentals

When a fluid flows over the surface of a body, pressure is exerted on the body. This pressure multiplied by the surface area results into a force, since pressure is defined as this resultant force is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction. The component of this total force that is perpendicular to the direction of flow of the fluid is called the lift. The other component of this force that is parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid is called the drag. If the lift force is positive, the object is able to fly but if negative, the object ...

Solution to tutorial 1

Problem description
Three problems that cannot be solved using traditional computing model but can be solved using neural computing include sensor processing, pattern recognition and speech and even text processing. It is because neural networks provide a different approach for data analysis and pattern recognition within the same data as compared to traditional computing approach. Text recognition, sensor processing, pattern recognition and speech recognition are all problems that cannot be well characterized. Therefore, traditional computing can only work well for problem that can be well described in terms of characteristics. These features include balancing checkbooks, keeping tabs of inventory, ...

Introduction

Marburg virus disease (formerly known as Marburg hemorrhagic fever) is a severe zoonotic (animal-borne) disease, affecting both humans and non-primates. The source of infection for primates is unknown. However, research indicates that bats mainly infect the humans. The Ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus belongs to the filovirus family. Filoviruses belong to the order Mononegavirales. These viruses are enveloped, non-segmented, and negative-stranded. Marburg virus and Ebolavirus are the two genera of Filoviradae family. The only species in the genus Marburg virus is Lake Victoria margburg virus (Center for Food Security and Public Health, 2009, p.1).
The virus has caused epidemics in ...

4 April,2014

Pollination can simply be described as a mechanism that involves the transfer of pollen contribute to the process of reproduction of plants. this process in plants reproduction entails ferterlization and reproduction (Barret). In scientific terms or biological terms, pollination can be described as the movement or transfer of pollen from one flower's anther to the stigma of same or other flower. This process or step is a pre-requisite for the ferterlization because it allows the fusion of the nuclei from one pollen grain with the nuclei of the ovule of the flower of other plant. The whole essence ...

The study of viruses to understand their ability to cause disease led to a recognition by scientists that viruses could be used to transport genetic material into cells (Thomas, Ehrhardt, and Kay, 2003). Viruses are a life form that injects its own genetic material into its host cell in order to hijack the cellular protein-making functions. By injecting the host cell with its own viral genetic material, the cell no longer makes proteins for its own functions and instead makes viruses. Commonly, the production of the virus causes the host cell to die and that cell death is a part of the ...

Introduction

Malaria is a key public health predicament and cause of much distress and untimely death in the poorer areas of tropical Africa, Asia and Latin America. In many endemic areas it is becoming increasingly complex to control because of the resistance of the parasite to anti- malarial drugs and the failure of vector control measures. Malaria is mainly caused by plasmodium species of the Coccidia family of Parasites. The most pathogenic species of the plasmodium species is plasmodium falciparum which is responsible for almost 90% of malarial infections in the world. The Coccidia are intracellular parasites that reproduce asexually by a ...

Introduction

The Ebola virus has existed for centuries. Like all life forms and viruses, it has been changing and adapting since the beginning of time to survive. Despite this the disease did not make itself known until the twentieth century. However, once the virus revealed itself only three major outbreaks have occurred. There were two in 1976 and one which took started in 2014 (CDC, 2015). The latest outbreak has been the longest and worst, effecting numerous countries such as, Mali, Nigeria, Liberia and Senegal in West Africa (CDC, 2015). This paper will look at the scientific aspects of the ...

This research is used to investigate the efficiency levels in the banking sectors in various Arabian countries, while considering the role of economic development and different financial reforms taking place, and how these reforms impact the banking industry performance and efficiency (Al-Jarrah, 2007). The comparison of these financial institutions to American or western culture nations shows how these reforms can help or cripple banking industries around the world. Efficiency estimation techniques can be categorized into two groups including parametric and nonparametric methods. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an example of a nonparametric method of analysis, which is believed to ...

Abstract

The study has sought to analyze the data of Apple Inc. and realize the relationship between sales revenues and sales, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses. It has employed regression and correlation analyses. Results indicate that both sales, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses relate positively with sales revenues.

Introduction

S G& A is the initialism used in accounting and business to refer to sales, general and administrative expenses, which are major components of non-production costs in a company’s income statement (Warusawitharana, 2015). Selling expenses are direct and indirect expenses incurred in selling, ...

The DBIR 2015 is the ninth one from Verizon, and similar to the others, it highlights patterns and trends present in an aggregated incident data set. The report begins by emphasizing that there are few unique breaches in the cyber-world, and that the likelihood that an intrusion mechanism has been applied previously is relatively high. Furtherance, the DBIR informs against the presumption that victims of data breach believe they are in isolation; it is this falsehood that impedes on information sharing on attack patterns, which could collectively help prevent future intrusions.
Verizon has managed to develop a classification for ...

If one tries to figure out the first illustrations on the planet, they will be taken back all the way to the cave paintings by ancient men. Illustrations in books surfaced only after the invention of the printing press. Traditionally speaking, illustrations have always been part of books. They should not be looked as mere decoration of the books became of the greater amount of information the reader can derive from those drawings. In the past centuries, examples of illustrations have included books illustrated by copper engraving, woodcuts and wood engraving (Eshragh 9).Diagrams were essential in a mathematical ...

Dengue fever is one of the famous mosquito-borne human viral disease globally that is a public health emergency. This virus is transmitted through a bite from a female mosquito with the virus predominantly mosquitoes from the Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus species. It has become widespread reaching hyper-endemic magnitudes in urban and semi-urban tropics, and the dengue virus causes Dengue Fever. This condition affects infants, children, and even adults meaning nearly half of the population is at risk of this condition. Moreover, Several people are suffering from it always recover without any further issues because the fatality rate is ...

Before the advent of the computer, artists and artisans alike utilized a complex tool in making their letter forms; the hand. At ten digits, five for each hand, the hand was efficiently the first digital lettering tool, utilized in engravings, carving and in the production of the various letter forms. The hand, while allowing for a few technological flaws and eccentricities, still facilitated the creation of some of the most beautiful lettering forms ever made. The advantages of the hand as a lettering tool underscore the paradox that, with technological advancement, both a loss and profit were incurred. The computer, on the one ...

Description

A genetically modified organism refers to organism whose genetic makeup has been intentionally altered (Jumba, 2010). They involve both plants and animals. Genetically modified plants are referred to as transgenic plants whereas genetically modified animals are referred to as transgenic animals. According to Starr, Evers and Starr (2011), the most commonly used genetically modified organisms include yeast and bacteria. This is attributed to the metabolic ability of the cells of these organisms to make complex organic molecules.

Science behind Genetically Modified Organisms

Genetic modification is normally carried out in the laboratory. According to Keefer, two procedures are normally applied in the transformation of the ...

Introduction

Global warming has been a very common issue to a lot of people. It had become the topic of every conference, seminars and meeting around the world. It is clear to a lot of people that global warming is no longer a prediction, because scientific studies and evidence continues to arise that the earth’s climate is changing at a very fast pace. Even though the evidence is clear, there is no certainty in every single detail of the evidence because of the nature of science. Global warming has caused a lot of change to the state of the climate for it to be noticed ...

I. Introduction
In a post to its official blog entitled, “A New Approach to China” Google’s Chief Legal Officer David Drummond, shocked the world in January 2010 by announcing that it would end its censorship of search results on its Chinese website. Furthermore, the post explained that Google would “review” its business in China, and begin discussion with the Chinese government on the feasibility of operating an “unfiltered search engine within the law, if at all.” Understanding the unlikelihood that the Chinese government would agree to its demands; Drummond went on to say that it was very possible ...

Introduction

Although scientists have made tremendous breakthrough in the field of medicine over the last few centuries, infections caused by protozoa, bacteria and virus continue to affect human population (Leonhard, Anabel, Florin-Christensen, and Morrison, 2012). One of such infection caused by protozoa is babesiosis, a disease that affects both human and animals. Protozoa exists in soil and aqueous environments, and their sizes range between 10-50µm. They have continued to cause many sickness, mutilation, death, and debilitation than other similar organisms. Epidemiology is the study of the frequency, causes, and health effects of disease in given populations. The science of epidemiology ...

The advancement of technology has precipitated a revolution in scientific understanding over the last several decades. Advancements in research tools has led to new insights into every facet of scientific discovery within the realms of chemistry, physics, and biology and all the sub-disciplines forming their constitution. Increased discovery has brought with it opportunities for cross discipline cooperation which has resulted in the formation of new disciplines and has galvanized scientists to press the boundaries of research and application as has never been seen in human history. One such field testing those limits is genetics. Today’s geneticists have expanded beyond ...

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

SISCO is the leading manufacturer of networking equipments. Its products include switches and routers. A router refers to a three-layer gateway device used in the joining of multiple networks together. The development of the routers has been going on due to the unending research done by the producers. EIGRP is an enhanced version of the routers which has been developed by the SISCO Company. Unlike the previous designs, EIGRP is an improved network protocol that allows the routers to exchange information in a more efficient and cost effective manner (Pete, C., 2012). They are of different types including Distance-vector routing and ...