Victimology Research Papers Samples For Students

The United States of America has three cardinal branches of the criminal justice system. These include law enforcement agencies like the police, the courts system and the correctional system. Given that it is a democratic country, the United States’ criminal justice system is founded on the tenets of the rule of law. Therefore, all these three critical organs of the government must carry out their constitutional and statutory mandate within the confines of federal and state laws. Indeed, the criminal justice system is configured in a way that it enables both levels of government to function in an efficacious ...

Is Affirmative Consent the Answer to Sexual Assault on College Campuses?

The following paper deals with a Senate Bill 967 that is proposed to control the number of sexual assaults occur on campus the public as well as private universities of California. A Senate Bill 967 has been introduced by Senator Kevin de Leon, and the objective of this law is to establish certain criteria following which the public and private colleges in California will manage with the sexual assault incidents occurred on campus. The law requires all the universities and colleges in California to pass a mandate ensuring that all of the students will give an active or affirmative consent before ...

Embedded Expertise and the New Terrorism is a journal for crime, conflict and the media written by Jonny Burnett from University of Leeds and Dave Whyte from University of Stirling. The article was written in December the year 2003. The article surveys the field of terrorism since the attack of September 11th. The article does try to assess some of the main successes, future challenges and perennial issues. The authors of the article claim that terrorism studies has matured and grown since the attack took place. Some of the successes of the attack include new dedicated researchers and scholars and ...

The United States of America criminal justice system remains in state of continual change. Often, the system is ready to adopt reforms aimed at addressing pertinent issues. The overall objective, however, remains that of delivery of justice. It is on that context that this paper shall discuss the place of victimology in the American criminal justice system. It must not be lost of us that the resolution of crime entails three cardinal players. These are the victim, the state and the criminal. While the law has over the past concentrated on the latter two, it has had little time ...

In the recent past, school violence has been identified as a serious problem in several countries, and the problem has been made worse in the incidents where guns and knives are involved. Generally, the violence involves fights between students, as well as physical fights carried out on school staff. One form of school violence which has received a lot of attention from the media, as well as the public, is school shootings. This arises from the fact that school shootings pose a serious threat to public safety, and the stakeholders have a reason to worry about that. In the last decade, one of ...

Juvenile delinquency is an adolescent disorder that affects children between the ages of about 7 and 17 years. Juveniles at this age normally experience adolescent disorder that affects their rational decision making abilities. The victims of the disorder may get involved in certain crimes making them subject to law enforcement agencies.

One of the contemporary issues especially in the American society is the measure(s) taken by the society in addressing the behavior of juvenile offenders. The number as well as the type of crimes committed by adolescents, 7-17 year-olds, has been overwhelming. The law enforcement agencies advocate for ...

The Battle of the wilderness was fought from May 5-7 in 1864 and it took almost two days. This battle was between two Generals of the Civil war namely Ulysses S. Grant and Robert Lee. The battle was the beginning of U. S. Grant’s overland operation in opposition to Richmond. Actually it was his first war in the Virginia region as well as his first war in opposition to Robert Lee. The war was fought near the town of Richmond town which was being protected by General Robert Lee. The major objective of Grant was to capture this ...

Introduction

Sexual offenses are a social menace and affect the public health directly. The growing instances of sexual crimes and growing numbers of sexual offenders have emerged as a major issue. The government, policymakers, and law enforcement agencies are very apprehensive regarding this issue and want this issue to be resolved as soon as possible. A number of steps, including treatment of sexual offenders, have been taken in order to improve the situation. This paper intends to discuss several treatment programs that are designed for the sexual offenders.

Literature Review

McHugh and Rider (1981) in his article “Treatment of sex offenders with anti-androgenic medication: ...

Abstract

The project deals with the problem of bullying in the workplace. It was established that Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Healthy Workplace Bill regulate interpersonal relationship and prohibit bullying in the workplace. The types of bullies and their activities are the focal points of the research paper. Since workplace assault poses a tremendous threat to physical and psychological well-being of victims, mental, emotional and physical consequences of bullying were given a particular focus in the concluding part of the project.
Keywords: bullying, workplace, victim, physical, mental, abuse
It so happens that people are split into two ...

Introduction

Juvenile offenders are growing in numbers and they take a significant account of arrests involving the crimes of burglary, murder and rape. Juvenile delinquency is no doubt a social problem that is becoming pervasive if not addressed appropriately. The juvenile law took transitional stages in order to adopt to the changing trends in juvenile crimes and offenses. Through the efforts of social reformers, the juvenile justice system in the country took one form to another from the creation of reformation schools for the juvenile delinquents, the separation of juvenile offenders from the adult offenders, the creation of the special juvenile courts, ...

War in Iraq, is one of the controversial events in history of American wars. It takes two to tango, and this is the case of the war in Iraq. For a war to start there should be some driving forces or effects. The justification for the Iraq invasion remains quite unclear despite the prior consequences that came with the war. The invasion was suggested to have begun following the 9/11 attack of World Trade Center and Pentagon in 2001. Americans attacked Iraq in 2003 and toppled Saddam’s dictatorship, and seven years later the war came to end (Mahnken and ...

Abstract

One of the issues that have garnered massive media attention is terrorism. Terrorists have attacked various places causing massive loss of human life and property. The September 11 attack on America signalled to its administration that it had to re-examine its security policies. It believed that the attack was instigated by its ignominy to control the security situation in within its jurisdiction and undoubtedly the citizens’ overprotection by the constitution. The government made a decision to severely scrutinize the citizens. The previous privacy that the 4th constitutional amendment granted the Americans was later disregarded and president bush took it to ...

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Incarceration or Intervention: Costs and Benefits

In the work of leading global research organizations RTI International, by sending substance abusers to community-based programs rather than hauling these people to jail, the United States criminal justice system stands to save billions of dollars, in a study of the RTI International and Temple University. In the study of the groups, almost one half of the prisoners in the Federal and state prison system are incarcerated for drug abuse or substance addicts. However, even with the high rate of drug and substance abusers in the prison, it is estimated that only one out of ten get ...

Should Children Who Commit Crime be tried as Adults?

Before the introduction of Juvenile Court System in 1899, individuals under 17 years who committed a crime were subjected to a similar system as adults. However, psychologists discovered that contrary to the perception that juveniles were hardened criminals, they are youths who have lost their way. Thus, the main objective for the introduction of the Juvenile Court System was not to imprison and punish the juveniles, but to rehabilitate them. This system works under the same viewpoint as the other justice system, which concentrates on encouraging good behavior instead of punishing bad. Victims are given a number of opportunities such as receiving ...

The TV series Crime Scene Investigation has for some time been one of the viral and most watched series in the world. With its combination of both reality and fiction, much attention is gained from the viewers who criticize and at the same time big up the captivating work of executive producer Jerry Bruckheimer alongside Anthony E. Zuicker, Ann Donahue and Carol Mendelsohn. CSI is a series depicting the crimes (especially murders and kidnappings) committed in most, if not all of the cities around the continent. Moreover, it shows how these crimes are solved to find the unknown truths and ...

Introduction

In the following project I have researched and summarized the main provisions of the statutes as they relate to the questions of arraignment, state sentencing issues and sentencing alternatives in the state of Virginia. Another part of this research covers the issues of practical application of these statutory provisions in the everyday work of courts and correctional institutions.
In the Lesson 1, I have researched the initial procedure of arraignment in the light of its practical application during the work of the court.

In the Lesson 2, I have summarized the statutory provisions which regulate the issues of probation, parole and sentencing alternatives.

In the Lesson 3, I have briefly outlined the community correctional programs and how the ...

UW-Stout

This paper was prepared for ESLI 61
Taught by Ms. Blessing
Sexual harassment refers to undesirable sexual advances, sexual favors requests, as well as other physical conduct that are suggestive for sexual requests. Sexual harassment may happen in different ways. At some points, it happens when a person seeks to extend favor to another person in exchange for sexual advances. This has been a major problem in many workplaces, where women have been the main victims with minimal cases of men as victims. Sexual harassment may extend massive effects to the persons exposed to it as well as the ...

Introduction

Domestic abuse an issue which has been on the rise in the society; the most affected are women and the girl child. This has not well addressed well because a majority of the women prefer keeping this issues to themselves. They are suffering in silence it is the high time for the state to be responsible and protect women that are victims of violence. As victims, battered women often have a high fear of retaliation from their perpetrators and as much as 50% of all women who are victims say that they fear that they will be subject to revenge because ...

Crime is a significant issue in America as well as other countries. In order to try to lessen the rate of crime in America, the causes of crime are often studied. Records are keep of those who commit crimes in order to determine the underlying factors which led to these offenses in an effort to decrease their occurrence. An entire field of study, criminology is dedicated to the study of crime in society. The field of criminology encompasses not only the causes of crime and theories behind why people commit crimes, it also studies the detailed of rates of crime ...

Split sentencing is a practice that is not strange to the court system of America and the world over. A split sentence is where a convicted felon spends half of his time behind bars in prison, and the other half of his sentence outside prison on probation. However, the probation duration cannot exceed a total of five years. The inmate who is eligible for split sentencing varies from state to state in the US.Using Alabama as an example, a convicted sexual offender whose victim was a minor can never be granted a split sentence. A jail bird whose sentence is more than 20 years is ...

Law

There have been proposals to divide the juvenile courts in two divisions which may result to both advantages and disadvantages to the taxpayer and the youth offender. Under this proposed system, the offender shall either be tried under the juvenile delinquency court and there are those who will be tried under the status offender court. As a general rule, majority of the youth offenders are charged for delinquency cases have been classified as status offenders.
One of the benefits or advantages of dividing the juvenile system in two divisions will redound to the benefit of the status offenders since ...

R.M.S. Lusitania, 1915 versus September 11, 2001
R.M.S. Lusitania, 1915 versus September 11, 2001
In the course of human history, people have felt the cause and effect of disasters many a times. Natural or manmade disasters have caused immeasurable damage to human lives and property that they evade all reasons and logic. Natural disasters cannot be avoided or prevented because they are nature's outburst. Whereas the effect of manmade disasters is more profound because in the reason for their occurrence is completely human folly. Manmade disasters range from wars, terrorism, chemical warfare, and human errors. This paper tries ...

Most often, one of the reasons people marry is to be with someone they trust and love. They enter the relationship with the expectation of being cared for, gain security, and have positive experiences together. However, for many couples, the dream of the “happy ever after” does not become real. The realities of life set in, and the abuses happen. This can be perpetuated by either a male or a female spouse. In the succeeding sections, the topic on spousal abuse is further explored. The definition of the concept begins the discussion, and this is followed by a description about the male ...

Sexual violence refers to the act of trying to indulge one in a sexual act without consent from the other party. This can be achieved through coercion or inducement (use of drugs) or even physical violence. This form of crime is a problem both to developing and developed countries. The crime is mostly perpetrated against the vulnerable members of the society for instance children. It is prudent to note that anyone can be a victim of sexual violence; however, the females come out as the more vulnerable of the victims as opposed to their male counter parts.
Sexual violence is regarded ...

Alexis has gone through a lot of emotional turmoil caused by Anthony’s deviant sexual behavior. The young girl is clearly a victim of pedophile. The emotional changes that are taking place reflect that of a pedophilia victim. Pedophile victims are those who survive actions of people with paraphilia. Pedophile victims go through periods of sexual, physical, and severe emotional abuse that leaves them with wounds that are more severe than physical injury. Anthony inflicted abuse on Alexis that has left her in a situation that she has to struggle to be happy, cope, and lead a happy life. In addition to this being a ...

Introduction to Security: Defending Against Attacks

Introduction to Security: Defending Against Attacks

Introduction:

Information security refers to all tasks that deal with guarding digital information with the aim of ensuring proper implementation of security measures. However, even when all security measures have been taken, it is hard to completely guarantee immunity from attacks or consider a system to be completely secure (Ciampa, 2010).
Information security can be considered as protection since its main goal is to create defenses that ward off security attacks and prevent collapse of the system in case an attack is successful. These defenses are intended to protect information that is of value ...

Throughout the American history, young offenders as young as seven years old have been incarcerated and held in the same facilities with grownups. The state of New York was the first to notice this injustice and in the 1824, the House of Refuge was opened. It was the first house of reform in the United States of America. States followed suit and established their own reform houses. In Maryland, children were held in a separate facility for the first time in history. In 1899, the Cook County in the state of Illinois opened the first juvenile court. The proceedings in ...

Introduction

Time has come to treat domestic violence with the seriousness it deserves. The failure by law enforcement officers to react to domestic calls immediately exposes the victim, as well as the community at large, to dangers that may lead to the eventual loss of life. As it has happened in the past, sometimes law enforcement officers do not treat domestic violence as any other crime. The cases of Thurman v. City of Torrington and Castle Rock v. Gonzales point to a failure by the police department to handle domestic violence with the urgency that it needs (Meloy & Miller, 2010). Therefore, ...

Preliminary investigations

Preliminary investigations are investigations carried out before any matter is prosecuted in court. Evidence has to be produced to establish whether the suspect has committed the crime, they are accused of, as well as determine whether there is sufficient evidence to merit a full investigation. In legal terms, preliminary investigations are inquiries conducted by law enforcement officers in order to gather information about an allegation that has been made on the accused person. Inquires are in two fold where preliminary investigations are designed to establish whether a crime was committed and to establish and identify the suspect. In other cases, it ...

Research Report: School Shootings

Introduction
Incidents of school shootings have been recorded in the United States since 1700’s. The 20th and the 21st century are especially notable because of the sharp increase of school shooting incidents in the U.S. Despite the previous occurrences of school shooting in the past, authorities recognize the huge gap in understanding such occurrences. Apparently, school shooting is quite a random incident of which “lie outside of specific crime issues such as terrorism, drug trafficking, gang activity, and domestic violence that have federal policies, law enforcement structures, and laws tailored in many instances to specifically address them”. Because ...

Serial killer in modern classification is a killer that during each episode has committed more than three murders without an obvious motive. Although, according to the classification of FBI the determination of serial murder is different and begins from two or more kills that may be committed by one or more killers. Typically between episodes of murders there is a so-called period of cooling emotions and psychological satisfaction of killer. It is believed that most serial killers are antisocial psychological disorders treated with indifference to the suffering of others and contempt for the public morals, but very rarely suffer from distinct ...

Michelangelo Buonarroti and Gianlorenzo Bernini are among the best known artist who curved the statue of David. Michelangelo’s Statue of David is thought to come its completion at around 1504 (Lieberman, Ralph, 11). This is the most acknowledge works of the high Renaissance Period. On the other hand Benini’s David is thought to come to its completion at around 1623-1624. This is one of the sculpture that was fourth to be commissioned as life sized statue by Cardinal Borghese. It is therefore worth examining the two statues of David brought by the two artists to find out ...

Introduction

The world today boasts a diverse workforce in almost all the leading industrial and commercial sectors. The equal employment of men and women has restructured thousands of companies worldwide. Women today, take up employment alongside men in every sector that bolster merit based evaluation and compensation; from NASA to the marines, from telemarketers to stockbrokers, from the Broadway stage to Hollywood, women have pierced markets that were long held as forte by men. Although the economy gains significantly as a result of enterprising women, it also presents a dark side. Workplace bullying, workplace sexual harassment and even sexual assault threaten to destabilize ...

A Domestic and International Epidemic

INTRODUCTION
The word “slavery” is a word with many meanings and ideas conceived by nations, cultures and peoples all over the world. However, at the core slavery is any form of activity that forces one human being to be dependent and at the mercy of others, a loss of freedom, and the definitive crime against humanity. People imagine a lot of things when we think of slavery. Some might think back to biblical stories and the Jewish slaves in Egypt or the indentured servitude practices in Western Europe in the 1600s. However, in the United States, the word slavery automatically brings ...

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Slavery is one of the issues that was, is and has been a major concern in the world. The nature of contemporary slavery is unknown, but estimates show that there are millions of victims of slavery across the globe. Slavery covers a wide variety of human rights violations such as sexual mutilation of men, women and children, child prostitution, sale of orphans, child pornography and many others. On the other hand, human trafficking is an area of concern that involves recruiting, transporting, buying or selling a person by means of force or fraud for the purpose ...

Mandatory minimum sentencing laws are inflexible sentence that courts are forced to hand on a convicted individual. These laws do not factor in culpability and other mitigating elements surrounding the crime committed (Bjerk, 2005). These laws vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. These laws apply mainly in common law jurisdictions as in civil law each crime is prescribed minimum and maximum sentences (Gilpin, 2011). In scenarios where the mandatory minimum sentencing laws prevail, judges have only the core duty to determine whether an individual is guilty or innocent.
The laws were formerly introduced in two countries, the United States, and ...

Introduction

Rape is defined as the sexual penetration either through intercourse or through object with the consent of the person. The term rape is very complicated and controversial because it has affected many women, children and men in the society. The fact that it has affected many people has caused the formation of policies and the rights for the victims. The policies are formulated in order to help the victims move on from the incident or get justice for their rape. According to the researches that have been conducted, it is fair to claim that most rape victims in the ...

The case is between Kennedy v. Louisiana when Kennedy raped a child who was lucky enough to be alive. Kennedy happened to rape his own step daughter which led him to being sentenced to death. Kennedy, the petitioner had just got home but found out that the daughter had been raped and decided to call the police. He narrates the story that he had escorted his son to school only to find his daughter in the yard bleeding. He goes ahead to reveal his perceived suspects who were two boys who were just from around their residence (Melusky, Joseph, and ...

Most states have enacted laws that allow prosecution of juvenile offenders as adults in response to the increasing rates of crimes committed by adolescents. Those in favor of trying juvenile offenders as adults believe that certain violent crimes committed by juveniles merit harsher punishment than allowed by juvenile law, and that harsher punishment may serve as a deterrent for the commission of future crimes.
However, a growing body of evidence is beginning to show that this belief is wrong and unjust. Many nonthreatening juvenile offenders are sent through adult criminal courts regardless of the impact of their crime on the ...

Abstract

Autism is autism is an ancient disorder that was first described by The Swiss psychiatrist, Eugene Blueler. Initially, researchers thought that autism and schizophrenia were the same or related, but after various studies, the distinction between the two was made. The disorder mainly disrupts the process that information is taken through in the brain. This includes the formation and transmission. The difference is exhibited in the way the victims interact, behave, learn and communicate. Boys are at higher risk of developing this disorder than girls. In addition, when compared to other ethnicities, Hispanics have a low chance of developing the ...

Abstract

(SNSs) Social Networking Sites or online social networks are the most outstanding technological phenomena in the twenty first century. These are the most visited sites globally with an informal but comprehensive management tools. SRNs are also used for commercial purposes for instance, MySpace, LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter. In this study, various aspects of network, social and physical security associated with online social networks sites have been discussed beginning with the introduction of the mechanisms related to each threat and the summaries of relevant solutions that can be adopted to solve these issues amicably (Wang et al., 2009). Each mode ...

Asthma is a complex multifactorial disease that affects millions of people worldwide and can occur across any age or ethnicity. In children, boys are slightly more affected than girls, but in adults, women are more affected than men (Fanta 1002). Asthma affects about 300 million people and accounts for around 250,000 deaths each year worldwide (Lv et al. 105; Ober and Yao 11). Asthma can be atopic or non-atopic. Atopic asthma usually starts in childhood or adolescence and is hypothesized to be influenced by genetic predisposition. Non-atopic asthma usually occurs in adults and can result from bacterial or viral ...

Human trafficking is a trade involving the harboring or transportation of persons against their will with the sole purpose of exploiting them. Human trafficking has resulted into forced marriages that revolve on threats or even assault on the victims. The individual is forced into a marriage with unknown person. The individuals who may resist from this form of marriage can be subjected to physical and emotional abuse or even suffer death at the hands of their tormentors. Victims of such circumstances are then stuck into a life of domestic violence, rape and even suicide. In some circumstances, a forced marriage is referred as ...

Intimate Partner Abuse

Intimate Partner Abuse
Violence, in either physical, mental or other forms, is a serious problem in many societies. Violence in physical form is estimated to be at 4 to 6 million per year in the US, most involving intimate partners (Rodriguez, et al., 1999). The term intimate partner abuse refers to physical, sexual, or psychological abuse perpetrated by a current or former intimate partner. While this term is gender-neutral, women are more likely to experience physical injuries and incur psychological consequences of intimate partner abuse.
Intimate partner abuse refers to abuse that takes place between two individuals inside a relationship. ...

Introduction

John Wayne Gacy. Jr was one of the most dreaded serial killers in Chicago during the 70s. While most other serial killers of the time worked in isolation, Gacy happened to be a social figure who inculcated a very different picture of himself in public. This paper will cover certain aspects from Gacy from a criminal aspect, such as a brief profile, details of the crime, aspects of the trial, the defense strategy and the final outcome.

Brief Profile

Gacy was born to parents of Danish and Polish heritage in 1942 in Chicago, IL. He was the second child of his parents with two sisters. ...

History of Lynching in America

Lynching was a type of execution practiced by an assembly of vigilantes that aims to instantaneously kill persons who are charged of terrible misdemeanors. However, lynching do not only served as a punishment to criminals and crimes but also served as a type of group communication whose intention was to impose communal conformity concerning social class, sex norms and racial hierarchy.
Lynching comprised violence authorized by the community and the state for which state, local and national governments seldom indicted the persons concerned as well as trials rarely resulted in jail sentences or fines. The mobs in lynching kill accused victims ...

Abstract

It has come to our attention that Prisons overcrowding is a major problem facing many countries across the world. The situation, prisons overcrowding, continues to worsen as time passes by, hence calling for an immediate action by the government before the situation gets out of control. Through a literature review, is depicted that cells that were once meant for one offender at the present accommodate more than two offenders. Problems arise as a result of this issue (Prisons overcrowding) such as the outbreak of diseases, such as acute respiratory infections, meningitis, tuberculosis, or cholera.
Through a literature review, it is depicted that ...

I. Introduction
In a post to its official blog entitled, “A New Approach to China” Google’s Chief Legal Officer David Drummond, shocked the world in January 2010 by announcing that it would end its censorship of search results on its Chinese website. Furthermore, the post explained that Google would “review” its business in China, and begin discussion with the Chinese government on the feasibility of operating an “unfiltered search engine within the law, if at all.” Understanding the unlikelihood that the Chinese government would agree to its demands; Drummond went on to say that it was very possible ...

Prisons are locations of confinement in which wrongdoers who are formally executed are confined thus denying them several freedoms. The nature of prisons involves denying inmates several freedoms in a bid to resurrect the actions. Prisons have diverse inmates from different cultures and places who are confined on conviction to run their terms or before as they await trial. There are diverse types of prisons including youth detention facilities which houses juveniles thus separating them from adults. Women prisons were developed to reduce the rate of sexual abuse and offences which according to research is higher than that of men. ...

Sexual disorders form part and parcel of the community today. Many men and women in the world over are struggling to get over the consequences of this terrible menace threatening the existence of humanity. Many divorce cases have been as a result of the inability of a partner in a relationship to rise to the occasion when expected to perform bedroom obligations. One of the major types of sexual disorders is the sexual arousal disorder. In this case, the disorder is characterized by starvation or absence of sexual fantasies. In females, the disorder is commonly referred to as female sexual arousal disorder ...

Theory

Since the start of the 21st century until 2012, the homicide rate of Colorado, USA has been in a declining rate. There is a need to discuss how incarceration rates affect the society, especially how it influences crime in the area. Incarceration assumes that the offender is prevented to further commit crimes by incapacitation. Strategies of incapacitation focus on reducing crimes by interruption or disruption of the offender’s career (Piquero and Blumstein, 2007).
In addition, incarceration affects not just the present crime rate, but it is also believed that the future of the community is being influenced by the ...

Human trafficking by its very definition is synonymous to slavery. In fact, it is commonly known as modern day slavery. However its definition according to the Victims Trafficking Protection Act of 2000, human trafficking is the enrollment, harboring, transporting, distributing, or getting a human being for work through the use of force, con, or intimidation for the purpose of unintentional labor or slavery. It is a major issue that concerns human health and a crime that cross transnational lines. Human trafficking is often confused with human smuggling that is when a smuggler sneaks a group of people across the border on a financial basis. This ...

The aspect that stands out is the uniformity that overrides the workplace environment. In matters of gender, both men and women usually work in places where their gender is more dominant; in terms of number. That concept permeates to race as well. We find that African-Americans and White-Americans tend to work in organizations in which a majority of the workers in similar jobs are from their respective race (Tomaskovic-Devey, 1993). As a human services professional, I face a variety of these incidences in the work environment. I deal with and observe cases where segregation as a result of race, sex, culture and disability ...

Instruments Used to Measure Crime in the United States

Abstract
Different agencies across the world employ different methodologies to analyze organized crime, and these evaluations help the law enforcement managements to make rational analysis. The objective of the paper is to look at the various instruments used to measure crime in the United States that assist in making decisions about organized crime. This essay explores how law enforcement agencies assess organized crime-related harm with the help of these tools to measure crime. An accurate crime measurement is necessary to describe the social and spatial distribution of crime as well as for evaluating the efficiency of numerous crime ...

Impact of Cyberbullying

Bullying has been a swiftly growing epidemic in American schools. More and more children are being harassed during lunch, recess, in the halls, and even in class. There was a time when children could go home and find relief from this bullying. Unfortunately, with the introduction of social media networks like Facebook and Twitter, sometimes children cannot escape bullying; the harassment is following them home. It is called cyberbullying. Many believe that cyberbullying is not a big deal. They think the child can avoid the sites, find new sites, or simply shut off their computer all together to avoid the bullying. They ...

A werewolf is a person presented in folklore, superstition or in mythical stories as a human being who is capable of changing into a wolf, at the complete rising of the full moon, while retaining human intelligence. Throughout the history, the myth of the werewolf was used in a lot of stories having different interpretation of the creature. For a better understanding of this evolution, I will pick two different stories regarding werewolf, in different historical periods, medieval and modern and, I will discuss how time passing influences the aspects of the werewolf.
For the medieval period I have chosen one of the ...

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Over all these many years, the story surrounding the Civil War in Helena has been essentially focused around the seven Confederate generals and also the historical day of 4th July, 1863, battle. The story of Helena in the Civil War, however, is much more multifaceted. It starts with the breakaway crisis and the blast of partisan youth taking up arms in the sectional battle. The Confederacy never protected Helena. Many soldiers from Helena left to faraway places beyond the Mississippi River to fight various other battles.
Helena, Arkansas was one of ...

Career in Parole and Probation

Introduction
Choosing the right career is a pivotal step in ensuring a healthy and happy future. One must have the rights skills and inclinations for the chosen career to make a job fulfilling and rewarding. This is the reason why choosing a career is a long and deep process that requires deliberate consideration of all circumstances surrounding a person’s background, habits and skills. A career in parole and probation is fulfilling for some persons, but may be a burden that must endured by others. Personally, I consider this career path the right one for me. Providing offenders with the right skills and attitude to ...

Statistical reports are showing that in the fiscal year 2011, approximately 700, 00 children were victims of abuse and neglect. Childhood sexual abuse especially is a subject that has been subject to much attention in the recent years. An average of 25% of men and women were victims of a form childhood or adolescent sexual abuse. Child abuse cases are reported less often, which means the number of individuals who have been victims could be greater. With such a great number of people being victims, therapy is becoming necessary than before. Psychiatrists and psychologists are well aware of symptoms and long term ...

Introduction

The United States of America has experienced a new trend in the draconian restrictions on the activities and privacy of sex offenders convicted under the United States criminal justice system. This new trend is troublesome and the question of whether the burden fits the crime is common among many citizens. However, it is also, true that there an increase in the number of sex offenders, which is also a worrying trend. The question of morality, societal values and norms seem to have lost value among many people. The point of concern is on what are the best measures that can be ...