a) Background and Significance
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by two main features: high blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) and insulin resistance. The disorder was formerly referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology of type 2diabetes is progressive, characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity, deteriorating cell function, and decreased incretion function (Phielix and Mensink, 2008; Misra, 2008).
In human studies, people with type 2 diabetes have a decreased PGC-1α expression compared to healthy subjects (Wagner et al., 2008; Cantó and Auwerx, 2009; Kang, 2012). The skeletal muscles of people with type 2 diabetes and those of their ...
Physiology Research Proposals Samples For Students
5 samples of this type
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Chapter 1: Topic and Problem 4
Problem Statement 5
Purpose of the Study 5
Research Question and Hypothesis 5
Limitation of the Study 6
Chapter 2: Literature Review 7
Literature Review 7
Homework as an Efficient Assessment Tool 7
Homework as Negligible and Impractical Assessment Tool 9
Discussion of the Hypothesis 11
Chapter: Research Methodology 12
Research Methodology 12
Overview of the Research Methodology 12
Proposed Research Design 12
Sampling Technique 12
Research Design 12
Participants 12
Data Collection Method 13
Instrument 13
Procedures 14
Data Analysis 14
References 16
Chapter 1
Traditional educational system (for all levels) requires after-school activities which are related to the lessons ...
Background of the Research
The successful companies of the world have recognized the importance of quality improvement of their products and services for competitive advantage. They have also improved their financial performance by reducing their manufacturing and delivery costs as they have limited their manufacturing and supplying processes according to the market needs (Meredith & Mantel, 2011). In this way, companies have also reduced their production cost and they have reduced the selling prices of their products or services for the customers. The customer’s perception of improved quality is enhanced when the selling prices of products or services are reduced and the conformance ...
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Research Plan
Introduction
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems incorporate pervasively in prokaryotic genomes that have also been suggested to perform a role in numerous critical cellular operations (Van, & Bast, 2009). These systems characteristically comprise of a two-gene operon encoding a toxic protein molecule which aims at an important cellular purpose and an antitoxin that connects to and hinders the toxin. Control of toxin action is attained via differential constancy of the stable toxin as well as the unstable antitoxin (Kamada & Hanaoka, 2005). In several occasions, the antitoxin also operates as a transcriptional autorepressor of the operon, whereby the degradation of the antitoxin leads to transcriptional introduction ...
Abstract
A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally varied scaffold proteins which are found to regulate the PKA pathway by localizing the protein kinase A and some specific enzymes at sub cellular level. So far several of the AKAPs have been found to play critical role in the regulation of phosphorylation of several PKA dependent substrates which are necessary for the modulating the cardiac function. Abnormalities in these AKAPs genes have been found to cause various forms of cardiac disease. The most prominent AKAPs are the AKAP9 and AKAP13. Mutations in the AKAP9 gene has been found to be ...
