Acid Term Papers Samples For Students

Introduction

There are environmental chemical processes which require light to react. These processes are called photochemical reactions. Photochemical reaction is commonly initiated due to the absorption of solar energy or light. When molecules absorb energy in the form of light, the atoms are converted in a transient excited state (Larson & Weber, 1994). This transition state or excited has completely different physical and chemical properties with the initial state of the molecule. The excited states also have more tendencies to react since they are considered stronger acids and stronger reductants that the initial state of the molecule. The excited state of ...

Abstract

Recently, attention has been diverted to clean, alternative and renewable technologies due to the depletion of petroleum resources and increase of the green house gases from the combustion of fuel resources. Fuel cell is the fore-runner of these technologies and has received immense impetus due to its relatively clean source of energy. Fuel-cells are devices that produce electrical energy from chemical transformation reactions. Electrodes are placed within an electrolyte medium that facilitates oxidation of fuel. In these electrochemical reactions, ions are generated that generate electricity. This electrical energy can be effectively harnessed to carry out a myriad of functions. Since ...

Abstract

Depression refers to a mental condition that is characterized by several symptoms that include but are not limited to: lethargy, isolation, prolonged periods of sadness, sudden emotional outburst such as crying for no particular reason, bouts of rage, self destructive tendencies such as cutting or biting, anxiety, paranoia, loss of appetite or unusual increase in appetite characterized by binge eating, insomnia and hostility. Recent estimates indicate that 1 out of every 10 individuals in the United States in termed as clinically depressed. The study also found that those likely to e depressed are: persons without any source of income, those ...

There exists about 300,000 plant species on earth, and every individual plant hosts one or more endophytes. However, it is just a few of these plants that have been researched relative to their endophytic biology. Hence, the chance for isolation of new, as well as, interesting endophytic bacteria in plants are important. Endophytic bacteria can be referred to as bacteria that can be isolated from tissues of a surface-disinfected plant or bacteria extracted from inside of a plant, which cause no visible negative effects to the plant. Almost every plant is populated by varied bacteria referred to as endophytes. Majority of ...

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect in which the neural tube fails to close in early fetal life. It is diagnosed using fetal ultrasound and elevated α-fetoprotein levels. It can range from an entirely asymptomatic bone malformation or it can be severe and debilitating. Due to an imperfectly closed spinal column, the contents of the column spills out and this can lead to a hydrocephalus. In fact, there are three different types of spina bifida: spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele.
It is the most common disabling birth defect in America. Worldwide it occurs in 1 in 1000 live ...

The periodic table of elements, by far, stands among the most notable discoveries in the history of chemistry. Nowadays, probably everyone who has ever heard about chemistry heard about the periodic table of elements. Its implications on the scientific world are so enormous that it has even leaked out to the general public and have become associated with the chemistry itself. This is not surprising considering the scientific strength of this instrument. Using the periodic table, many characteristic properties of the elements can be predicted and many phenomena can be explained. This discovery put so much scientific knowledge together, ...

Because of the vibrant construction industry, companies that deal with steel production have healthy financial records. The two companies that I will analyze are; the United States steel company and the second company is steel dynamics Inc. this are among biggest producers of steel and other carbon products in the United States and are considered as high performers by all means. United States Steel Corporation was established in 1901 by four people, and they were Elbert Gary, Carnegie andrew, J.P Morgan and Schwab Charles. The corporation implemented its diversification strategy in other activities and has gone into various industries ...

DNA, the basic unit of inheritance, has a long history which takes us thousands of years back into the past. It is highly important to have apt knowledge of DNA. In its truest sense, our knowledge of DNA begins with the results of the experiment conducted by Gregor Mendel in the year 1857. He is known by the name of “Father of Genetics”. The study of genetics was further taken ahead by Friedrich Miescher upon his discovery of a substance which he called as nuclein in the year 1869. Later on, he progressed with his experimentations and discovered another ...

Company Analysis: Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) Limited

About the paper
The paper is commissioned to provide an extensive discussion about the liquidity, profitability and debt situation of Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) Limited. While the liquidity analysis shall be sourced for unearthing the trend analysis for the past three years, the discussion on the debt situation, and how the bonds of the company are performing, is mechanized to assist the potential investors in taking an investment decision, i.e. whether the ongoing performance of the bond justifies investment in the bonds of the company or not.

About the company

Founded in the year 1969, Advanced Micro Devices is an American ...

The discovery of DNA as the genetic material was one of the landmark events in the field of biology. By confirming DNA as the genetic material scientists made a huge leap that has advanced the cause of medical science to a great degree. While discussing the discovery of DNA as the genetic material, we mostly speak of Friedrich Miescher (1871), the man who discovered DNA. After the discovery of DNA a significant number of studies were conducted that proved DNA as the genetic material. Then Griffith, (1928) conducted studies on bacterial transformation and indicated that genetic information can be transferred from one ...

Introduction

An article published by the Cochrane Collaboration and posted in the Cochrane Library in 2012 caught my attention. The article stated that no quasi-randomized or randomized clinical trials of gene therapy for sickle cell disease have been documented. The article further stated that no conclusions and recommendations are attributed to the application of gene therapy on sickle cell disease (Olowoyeye & Okwundu, 2013). This statement inspired me to evaluate the current developments in gene therapy that targets sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease is one of the oldest genetic disorders and yet few attempts have been made to develop gene ...

Best phrase that anticipates a new discovery is not "Eureka!" but "Wow, cool!"

Throughout the history of science, many discoveries have been made by accident. Sometimes the researcher saw the potential in a completely irrelevant things, or even in the remnants of a failed experiment, making a mistake a manifestation of intuition. Other discoveries took place after a period of despair that engulfed the scientist following a failed experiment. As a result of an error or "unfortunate" coincidence of circumstances, there appeared not a single discovery, but a large set of findings, ideas and discoveries in various fields of science
Penicillin. The penicillin was discovered in 1928. The author of the accidental invention was Alexander Fleming, who, at the time, ...

Introduction

Blood consists of erythrocytes and leucocytes suspended in it. Blood is pumped from the heart to the body through the arteries and it enters back in the heart through the veins. Blood without cells is known as plasma while serum is the straw colored liquid obtained after the removal of the clot. Plasma contains different proteins, nutrients and waste materials. There are different cases of blood disorders observed in humans.

Blood cells and platelets

The most abundant cells in the blood are the anucleate, biconcave erythrocytes. They contain a red pigment known as hemoglobin (Hb) that carries dioxygen (O2). Hb contains four subunits each ...

Apple Inc: Financial Analysis

Problem 1:
Liquidity Analysis:
Liquidity Ratios are used to judge short term solvency of the company as if it have sufficient working capital to pay off its short term obligation. Generally, two measures of Liquidity Ratios are used by the analyst to adjudge the liquidity position of the company:
- Current Ratio
- Quick Ratio/Acid Test Ratio
1) Current Ratio: Calculated as ratio of Current Asset and Current liability, this liquidity ratio is considered to be true indicator of a firm’s liquidity.

Current Ratio: Current Assets/ Current Liabilities

2) Quick Ratio: Also known as Acid Ratio and a more stringent measure ...

Hydrogen cyanide, abbreviated AC by military, is an inorganic compound that is colorless and is extremely poisonous liquid. It has a boiling point (26°C) that is slightly more than the room temperature. The molecule of hydrogen cyanide is linear and has a triple bond that joins the carbon atom and nitrogen atom together. Hydrogen cyanide has a weak acidic mature with a pKa of 9.2 and is partially ionizes in a solution of water giving cyanide anion. A hydrogen cyanide solution in water, is referred to as hydrocyanic acid while the hydrogen cyanide salts are referred to as cyanides. Hydrogen cyanide is mainly ...

Caffeine is the name that is used to commonly refer to the trimethylxanthine and has a molecular formula of C8H10N4O2 (Helmenstine, 2013). The compound has two major systematic name, which are 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine and 3, 7-dihydro-1, 3, 7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2, 6-Dione. Other common names that are used to refer to caffeine include guaranine, coffeine, mateine, theine, and methyltheobromine. The molecular structure for caffeine is as illustrated in Figure 1 below. Caffeine is usually produced by a number of plants that include guarana, coffee beans, cacao beans, and tea. It usually acts as a natural pesticide in plants where it kills or paralyzes insects ...

Introduction

This kind of music began in the 20th Century in areas such as the New Orleans, Kansas City and Chicago. It was first sung by the African American who combined the European harmony with African beats. Through the years, the jazz music has also included the American popular music. The jazz music has been one of America’s greatest successes because it is there that it was started and it began to spread throughout the world. The music is able to unite people from various backgrounds such as race, countries, age, and religion. Through the music, people are able ...

Thalidomide Scientific Component:

Molecular Mass: 258.23 Da
Color: white crystalline
Odor: Odorless
Taste: taste-less
Melting point: 271°C.
Insoluble in ether and benzene
Has a low solubility in water, methanol, ethanol and glacial acetic acid"
All bulleted sources from (Erkoc, 2004)

Structural Properties:

Thalidomide is composed of two rings with each of the rings having different chemical makeups (Franks, et al, 2004). The left-hand side ring is thought to be the ring responsible for the teratogenic effects seen (Franks, et al, 2004). The right-hand side ring has a structure very similar to hypnotic drugs and the sedative ...