Amendment Term Papers Samples For Students

Shortly after the terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001, Congress passed the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act. As a result of real concerns over the security of the nation as well as more than a little mass hysteria over America’s vulnerability in the new age of global terror, the 342-page long USA PATRIOT Act, as it is popularly known, sailed through Congress a mere 45 days after the attacks with little debate or analysis but with broad bipartisan support. Indeed, in the Senate, the ...

[University]

Introduction

Perhaps no clause in the U.S. constitution has been so misconstrued and debated as the Second Amendment. In fact, even the Supreme Court could not make up their mind as to the true meaning of “A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed”. A decisive interpretation to this clause has been quite elusive. Since its ratification, only a few cases have found its way to the Supreme Court while the court’s decision has not helped clarify the matter more than being ...

The tea party is a political movement in the United States that is mainly concerned for advocating reductions in federal budget and the national debt. Such reductions are proposed on grounds of minimizing taxes and the government spending. The movement perpetuates moral authority in that is evident in the history of the United States. The tea party has been perceived as conservative, populist and partly libertarian from different quarters. It has a history since 2009 of supporting some political personalities while it is also known to have been involved in sponsoring political protests. The tea party joined the political arena in ...

Theory and the rationale for selecting the theoryEnvironmental theory is one of the nursing theories by Nightingale. This theory incorporated the restoration of the standard health status of both nurses and clients into the delivery of healthcare. The theory has its bases on the fact that nursing is an act of environmental utilization of the patient so as to assist him in his recovery. That means that the nurse has to be initiative so as to configure the environmental settings that are appropriate for the gradual restoration of the patient’s health as well as the external factors that ...

This submission will be seeking to discuss custodial interrogation within the context of Miranda Rights. It will be seeking to present this discussion through the use of a case study. The facts from the case study will then be analyzed so as to bring out the core concerns that the submission seeks to highlight. The case study involves the arrest of Sally Martin who was indicted for possession of heroin and weapons under disability. During the period from the arrest, Martin made certain statements, some by herself without any prompting and others as a resulted of being prompted by the officers. ...

Introduction

This submission seeks to analyze the decision in Mapp v. Ohio and bring out the facts of that case, highlighting the similarities and differences in facts between the case and the fact pattern. It will then highlight the rules that the United States Supreme Court developed in deciding Mapp v. Ohio and apply the same to the fact pattern in a bid to arrive at a decision consistent with the legal principle of stare decisis.
In the Mapp’s case, police in Ohio got wind of a bombing suspect and an illegal gambling machine that were in Mapp’s house. When ...

The Preterritorial Period

Arizona’s written history goes back to the 1500s, long after the cultural decline of the pre-historic groups (including Sinagua, Anasazi and Hohokam), who had settled in the region as early as 300 BC (McClory, 2012).

The Spanish Period

The Spanish arrived in the region when a Franciscan priest, Cabeza de Vaca’s expedition was shipwrecked of the Coast of present day Texas in 1528, after which they set off to explore the territory including the city of Cibola in 1539. De Vaca claimed the modern-day Southwest territory for Spain between1540-1542. Franciscan Europeans arrived in 1629 to settle the territory, while also establishing ...

Admissibility of the statement made by Martin to Justice

One of the rights protected under the Fifth Amendment is the right against self incrimination or the right to remain silent (Fireside, 1998). Essentially, the right protects a person from either being compelled to make an incriminating statement, or the same statement being used against the person. Accordingly, a statement obtained from a suspect in violation of this right is not admissible in court, and may be suppressed.
However, a statement made voluntarily without any coercion is not protected under the amendment, regardless of how incriminating or ruinous it may be. This was established in United States v. Washington. The court further ...

Introduction (Overview)

According to the fact pattern, the case assumes the same character in terms of facts and approach as the case of Mapp v. Ohio. In this case, Detective Quickdraw relying on the information received from the informant Sneaky Pete acts in good in faith and attacks the home of suspected drug dealer Sally Martin. However, contrary to the expectation, the cocaine is not found. Instead the suspect is found in possession of an illegally held handgun and some amount of heroine. The officers press charges for possession of illegal weaponry and heroine contrary to the law. This is despite ...

“Author’s name”

“Institutional Affiliation”
I would like to begin the essay, by conveying that I do not in any way support gun prohibition because it has been ruled unconstitutional. The second amendment of our constitution clearly states - "A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." (Amendment II, United States Constitution)
But what I am aiming through this essay is to, discuss some opinions on gun rights and evaluate the various points put across both in favor and against gun control. ...

Introduction

In 1787, the 55 framers of the constitution wrote the U.S. Constitution at the constitutional convention that was held in Philadelphia. Some of the most notable names of these framers are George Washington, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. On the 21st of June 1788, nine states approved or ratified the U.S. Constitution, and the remaining states ratified it later. This constitution came as a replacement of the Articles of Confederation, an earlier set of government rules that formed the law of the land between 1781 and 1788. Throughout the years, many constitutional amendments have been made. ...

The United States Constitution did not originally have a Bill of Rights, but during the time when the Constitution was being written, the Founding Fathers were very concerned about the potential for individual rights' abuse by the government. Some of the Founding Fathers were against the addition of a Bill of Rights to the Constitution, but eventually, the concern about the government using its power to abuse the rights of citizens won out over the fear of not giving the government enough power (Cuddihy). The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution were added and are now called the Bill ...

Section 1: US Government

When the US constitution was set up, the founders divided the new government into three co-equal branches of government: The Legislative, the Executive and the Judicial. Each was given separate areas of responsibilities, that were designed to make the branches work together to govern the county. The idea was that no one branch would grow to dominate the other two. To make sure that didn’t happen, the founders built a system of checks and balances into the constitution. This system consists of a series of powers that each branch has over the other two, to prevent any one branch from ...

The second amendment to the constitution of United States gives protection to people’s right to own arms. Together with the bill of rights, the second amendment was implemented in 1791. The court in the District of Columbia versus Heller case made a ruling that stated that an individual’s rights to own firearms are protected by the second amendment. The ruling also adds that one can own a firearm if one does not have any connection with a militia group and should only use the firearm for purposes that are traditionally legal for instance, for self-protection within one’s residence. The ...

United States v. Crews: Case 445 U.S. 463

Description of the findings

The case was presented in court on October 31, 1979, and the verdict presented on March 25, 1980 (U.S Supreme court, 1980). It is based on the fourth amendment and the implications presented by arresting an individual without probable cause. It is about a woman who on January 3, 1974, got robbed at gunpoint by a male who forced his way into a stall she occupied in the restroom. He went ahead and made sexual advancement to her and threatened to kill her if she asked for help in less than twenty minutes after he left the restroom. ...

Introduction

The case of Boy Scouts of America (BSA) v. Dale was a controversial case decided in 2000. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the unanimous decision by the New Jersey Court and ruled that because the Boy Scouts association was a private organization it had constitutional tight to remove openly gay persons from leadership positions. The petitioners in this case were the BSA and their Monmouth Council. The organization was a private non-profit making whose work was to instill values in the youth. This organization emphasizes that homosexuality is not consistent with the values it aims at instilling. The respondent in this case ...

Civil Liberties in the Bill of Rights
Evolution of Civil Liberties
Throughout time, civil liberties contained within the Bill of Rights in the US Constitution have evolved throughout years of scrutiny by the Supreme Court through the assessment of several cases. While civil liberties including the freedom of religion, speech, right against unlawful searches and seizures and the like have remained standing throughout time, new interpretations have nevertheless emerged from the Supreme Court. Among the most compelling developments introduced by the Supreme Court as part of existing civil liberties is the doctrine of ...

The controversial New York State Police Department; Stop and Frisk Policy is arguably facing its exit especially after the latest ruling in the case of Floyd et al v City of New York et al. However, before it is legally repudiated probably by the incoming Democrat Mayor, who enjoys colossal support amid the mayoral polls, this paper shall discuss the constitutionality or otherwise of the policy. From the onset, it is imperative to appreciate the paper’s contention that the New York stop, question and frisk policy is unconstitutional and that in that respect the policy is null, void ...

Constitutional rights have always been regarded supreme to other rights and, therefore, prima facie would take preference in case of any conflict with any other rights. However, as the world develops there have been proliferations of other conditions and needs that are essential and should be protected to ensure tranquility in the society. This means that despite civil rights being created to grant citizens exclusive rights to enjoy their free will in response to the conditions at that time; the law and the supreme court have in some cases found it necessary to curtail these rights in order serve ...

There are two major medical marijuana laws in Colorado. The initial medical law comprises of constitutional amendment made into law by voters. This allowed the sick and their caregivers to hold, cultivate and make use of the medical marijuana. The next law was passed into law in summer 2010 creating the Colorado medical code which develops double licensing scheme that manages medical marijuana dealings at both state and local level (Cohen, 2010).
The first medical marijuana law was first passed as amendment 20. This prohibited restricted amounts of medical marijuana for the sick and their caregivers. This amendment ...

Paper Due Date

Introduction
This paper provides details about Nevada’s legislature and describes various aspects of the legislature including its democratic constraints (the initiative, the referendum, the recall, and affirmation of statutes), as well as its constitutional mandate to meet in alternate years for a period of only 120 days each time. The paper also compares Nevada’s biennial legislature sessions with the methods used in other states and suggests some advantages and disadvantages of the two systems.

Historical Background

According to “The Nevada Legislature: A Brief History” (2011), the state legislature has always met in Carson City, though over time it has ...

Introduction

In society, people are concerned with the issue of justice. Justice is seen as the foundation on which people can live in harmony with others. Human rights activists are usually up in arms where they feel that personal liberties are being infringed on. There are scholars who have debated on the concept of justice and given their arguments in support of their theories.

The Theory of Justice

The theory of justice is based on three principles of utilitarianism, fairness and Libertarianism. The principle of utilitarianism states that justice is attained where the laws and the institutions in the region are structured in such a ...

On the midnight of August 31 1997, on the streets of Paris, a tragic accident occurred. The victims of the accident included the most popular figure in the media fraternity to have hailed from the royal family, Princess Diana. The event generated a lot of heat from all sections from the local and international media, religion, government authorities and the royal family among others. However, that notwithstanding, it is not the actual accident or death of the Princess that generated a lot of heat but rather the role the media played in the accident and subsequently, the demise of the Princess. This ...

Abstract

The submission introduces the topic it intends to cover by defining what a crime scene is and the importance of crime scenes in the criminal justice system. It then outlines the categories of crime scenes then gives the types of crime scenes under each category while briefly describing how each type of crime scene is and stating some of the aspects to appreciate under each type of crime scene. The submission then goes to discuss the law relating to admissibility of illegally collected materials and in doing that the locus classicus in the subject matter and other cases are subsequently ...

Canada Election and Political Party Finances

The much publicized scandal involving Sir John Macdonald the prime minister and the promoters of the Pacific Railway led to the enactment of dominion Election Act (DEA) of 1874. The two parties allegedly gave campaign contribution to Federal Conservative Party so that they may gain favors from the government. The passage and subsequent implementation of DEA shaped Canadian politics as it contains both the requirement one has to fulfill to be appointed a political official and reporting of campaign expense clause (Johnston 214). This was a step to what Canadian politics is today. This Act became subject of amendment whenever a crisis ...

Question one: Procedural stages of a civil case

In the United States of America, the Constitution does not donate civil suits to the Federal Government. Under the doctrine of residual powers, it is the states that have the authority and mandate over civil cases. It is on that premise that civil procedure in the United States may be different from state to state. However, there has been a general approach applied by all the fifty states. In this section, the paper shall discuss the procedural stages in a civil suit.
A civil suit begins formally with the institution of the suit. Often, the suit can only be instituted ...

Abstract

The following assignment is dedicated to the topic “Crime scene investigation”. The Introduction presents basic ideas related to the concept of investigation, the role of crime scene investigation in investigating the crime and most important functions, performed by crime scene investigator. Thereafter legal background and other relevant concerns are emphasized. Other concerns include adhering to ethical principles of crime scene investigator’s job, health and safety issues, and planning, organization and coordination phase, which precedes core crime scene investigation activities. Special attention is paid to practical importance of each of mentioned concerns. The rest of the course work contains a ...

Introduction

The right to privacy is perhaps one of the most fundamental cornerstones of America’s democracy. The constitution under the Fourth Amendment ensures that all Americans have a right to privacy and this privacy can only be violated through a search warrant as defined by the constitution. The Supreme Court has since determined the nature and circumstances under which a warrant can be issued. However, one the most pertinent issue arises from searching a vehicle of suspect without a warrant. Several states have argued that if a suspect poses danger and there is evidence of probable cause, police officers may search the vehicle without having ...

Introduction

Gun control legislation is a very controversial topic and one that has taken a lot of attention in both academic and public policy circles here in the United States for the past 20 or 30 years. One of the most powerful tools which people have discovered to dealing with the issue of controlling who should or shouldn’t have access to guns is through the creation of background checks. The purpose of background checks in a general sense is to allow for gun sellers and overseeing authorities to make sure that they are selling weapons to only those individuals ...

While the Civil War may have legally ended slavery, remnants of slavery and racial animosity continued to exist, and perhaps still do, in many parts of the country. Even after the passage of the Reconstruction Amendments, which attempted to empower newly freed African American slaves and give them equal rights of citizenship, states managed to find ways to disenfranchise blacks from exercising their newly acquired rights of citizenship. Racial prejudice was especially pervasive in the South. The era of Jim Crow laws, which controlled nearly every aspect of Southern public life, maintained strict separation of whites and blacks (Welke, ...

The founding fathers of this nation pieced together Constitutional guarantees for the citizens of the land to protect them from anarchy and tyranny. They had just overthrown the yoke of the most vilianous colonial regime in Great Britain. They were also determined that no American citizen should ever be subject to such tyranny especially in the name of the law. Hence, we have our Constitutional Amendments. The Fifth Amendment allows a citizen not to testify in court if the information would be self-incriminating. The Sixth Amendment allows citizens to the right to have their day in court. They are entitled ...

Introduction

Before passing any law, the congress as well as the senate should undertake careful consultations from the public as well as special interest groups. In this context, issues regarding health policies are very critical. For instance, it might have been deemed that the legalization of Marijuana to the young adults is to the benefit of the society. According to the new amendment to Article XVIII of the Colorado constitution, the use of marijuana has been deemed legal to people who are above twenty one years of age. However, there are some things that should be considered optimally before the ...

Oliver L. Brown, et. al. vs. The Board of Education of Topeka, et. Al
The number of plaintiffs totaled up to thirteen and they were parents representing their children. Oliver Brown represented his daughter Linda who was a third grader. The basis of the case was racial discrimination in schooling. The Educational Fund and the legal defense of NAACP represented a big group including Jews who were invited by Mr. Brown as Amicus Curiae (friend of the court). At the district court Oliver lost the case but applied for an appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court. It is in ...

Individual Rights

Individual Rights
Individual Rights vis-à-vis Social Order
Individual rights pertain to the liberties and freedoms embraced in the human rights of every person. These rights are validated, confirmed and guaranteed by the Bill of Rights and the Constitutional amendments. These rights include the freedom to practice (or not) religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of petition, right against self-incrimination, right against self-incrimination, right to due process, and other rights granted in criminal proceedings (US Constitution). In democracies, such as the United States, individual rights play a significant role in society. Social ...

Introduction

The execution rate reached its peak of 98 executions in1999 after the Supreme Court has restored the imposition of capital punishment in 1976. However, there has been a significant change thereafter, since there was a downward trend in the executions due to the fact that there are some high-profile cases involving death row inmates, who had been acquitted after undergoing the DNA testing. According to the report of Christian Century, even though the number of the death row inmates who were executed in the year 2012 remained unchanged at 43 since 2011, the opponents of death penalty argued that the capital ...

Introduction

In the current world that is rapidly changing, the need for efficient management in prisons as well as other similar institutions is becoming greater. An effective prison management has been linked, both in practice and in theory, to sustainable economic development. In addition, effective prison management is credited as the key to the development of modern prison principles and systems. There have emerged various individuals as well as criminal rights groups asking for a complete overhaul of the current prison management systems to pave way for new systems. These individuals have also been calling for various changes to be instituted ...

The twentieth century marked a number of changes in several aspects of women’s lives, from domestic to public sphere. Women’s movements were formed to put emphasis on equal rights advocacy. This century also marked the emergence of a new generation of female professionals, photographers and artists. This led to the transformation of the traditional patriarchal structure worldwide. There was further development in these social shifts as women entered the workforce and became exposed to political situations and professions that were initially dominated by men.
There were a number of significant issues that women were fighting for in the twentieth ...

It should be appreciated that the rising spate of terrorist activities has occasioned a number of changes in the combined efforts aimed at mitigation and elimination. It should be noted that these changes have assumed ethical, legal, political, economic and social characters. In overall, stakeholders are motivated by the need to tackle and address terrorism and see its eventual elimination. This paper shall be based on the Department of Justice White Paper on terrorism in relation to the citizens of America. The paper shall examine the complexity of the laws and policies in the face of the citizen involvement in ...

Probation and parole are alternative sentences to incarceration, which offer convicted offenders the opportunity to remain in the community, but operate under supervision (Hanser 12). Whereas probation takes place before and often instead of imprisonment, parole usually occurs as an early prison release. The convicted offender is required to comply with probation and parole conditions. The offenders are subjected to warrantless searches without any reasonable cause.
In the United States, over 2,000 agencies administer probation on offenders who commit felonies as well as misdemeanors. Adult probation as well as parole are established in executive branches of state government ...

Introduction

Capital punishment is one of the longest raging debates regarding punishment of criminals in the criminal justice system. Capital punishment, commonly referred to as the death penalty, is a method of retribution against capital crimes by killing the perpetrator (Mandery, 2011). The death penalty has received severe criticism in recent years from civil rights groups, activists and pro-life campaigners. The main aim of this paper is to consider a variety of methods used to execute criminals, their history, their effectiveness and peripheral matters regarding this issue.
The death penalty is one of the oldest recognizable forms of punishment for capital ...

The ratification of the national constitution was the founders' political response to excessive democracy

The American Revolutionists have difficulties in unifying the United States which comprises of colonies which are newly independent. The constitution was approved in the convention in 1787 and the states will be responsible for the ratification. Ratification of the constitution is very important during that time since it could result to the division of the United States if it did not happen. However, debates have arises and separated the nation into two political parties which is the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists (Wood, 2003, p. 164). The Federalists are the ones that favored the centralized government that is provided in ...

The idea of gun ownership in America might be said to originate to the second amendment of the United States constitution. The second amendment reads that “a well regulated militia is necessary to the security of a free state, and the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed”. The argument here is that while the people have a right to bear arms, the state also has a right for regulation. Unlawful uses of guns, psychos that go on shooting sprees with licensed guns, and hunters that use the gun for the sake of it, are clearly breaching ...

Criminal Law

The Speedy Trial Act has reference to the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution that ensures all criminal defendants the right to speedy and public trial (Campbell and Ohm, 2007, p. 146). In most cases, while there are some defendants who are given trials that they feel are altogether too speedy, the constitutional guarantee really serves 2 purposes. The first purpose is that speedy trial shall relieve the defendant of the pervasive consequences involved with being accused. In the event that the accused is subjected to imprisonment, the length of time that is spent in prison is considered as oppressive ...

SURVIVAL AND SUBVERSION

In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, the Federal government enacted the 13th Amendment freeing the slaves and the 14th Amendment, which granted African Americans citizenship. In 1870, the 15th Amendment was passed, which gave black males the right to vote. In a few short years after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, African-American enfranchisement was the law of the land. And yet, in a vast region that had been conquered in a long and bloody war, social change was superficial. In practical terms, there was little difference between slavery and the world in which former slaves lived. Segregation was an absolute ...

The history of African Americans is an essential part of the whole history of the United States. Starting from the sixteenth century and the beginnings of slavery, Blacks had experienced a lot of struggles and had traveled the long path in order to achieve the social and political equality with western people. During their presence in the United States, they underwent a lot of events that contributed to their rise, supported their pride, and highlighted their racial identity. This paper aims to discuss four of such events and to analyze their mutual influence and significance for the establishment of ...

Introduction

The interest groups are extremely powerful in the Western countries as the source of the representation of the population in the political life of the country. In the contemporary society the shifts in the political arena of the communities are made as the result of the actions of the interested groups. These groups represent the formation of the citizens having the leverages for the exercising influence over the population. They have the power and opportunity to control the spread of the political ideas and behavior among the population. Meanwhile, the political life of the Western democratic countries is not ...

Introduction

Stainless steel is an alloy with iron as major part and chromium with at least 11% by weight . Stainless steel industry grew rapidly during the 1989-93 period . This paper analyzes stress corrosion of stainless steel along with prevention measures and selection methods for stainless steel. After carrying out the study, it would be established whether stainless steel is an effective alloy or not for major uses in steel industry through adopting various selection parameters. Stainless steel is called stainless due to the resistance to rusting and corrosion .

Stress-corrosion in Stainless Steel

In order to reduce various occurrences of intergranular stress-corrosion cracking and severe ...

(Institute/University)

Abstract

Recent news of police engaging lethal force to contain seemingly non-dangerous situations has dominated headlines in the news. News such as the shootings of Kajieme Powell, Michael Brown and countless others and the seeming impunity that the system grants the accused proffer that the system will use any avenue to impose the upper classes’ will on the lower class in the guise of crime control. However, rather than project a racist slant, the research also looks on the possibility that the police officers, in the line of duty, must be given enough latitude in determining the situations that ...

1. What is the role of congress in policy making process?
A policy is defined as a course of action that is established by the legislature, executive or the judiciary to influence the behaviors and decisions of the citizens in a federal state. Policy making process is not a monopolized affair and, therefore, involves decisive interactions among all arms of the government and the public participation. The congress and the President participate mutually in the legislative roles to a greater extent. However, their roles are made distinct at some point. The Congress is mandated in Law making, representation of the citizens as ...

Now it is time to give careful consideration to the nature of corruption that is the case in the USA. Pepys (2) notes that corruption within the system of justice may be defined as the use of management reserves or public authority to one’s own advantage or for personal gains resulting in an inappropriate legal protection of citizens and delivery of judicial services. In a broad context, the system of justice embraces judges, police, prosecutors, public defenders, court personnel, private bar, and a variety of court decision enforcement agencies, such as, for example, penal institutions. Whatever the variety of justice ...

A hypervisor is a computer application that allows computers to run more than one operating system. Thus takes place through a process known as virtualization. The software “tricks” the operating system into thinking that it is the only one accessing a given hardware resource. The location of the hypervisor is in between the physical hardware and the OS and presents a virtual hardware environment to all other OS running in the machine. Hypervisors also manages the flow of information between the virtualized hardware, physical hardware and software. A hypervisor has found acceptance in both enterprise and consumer settings.
Usually, a computer OS runs ...

Health care reform has long been an issue within the United States given the necessity for quality health care and insurance needed to survive in the modern world. However, while the intension of health care reform is for the benefit of all Americans, positions regarding such idea remains heavily contested even at the present time due to the beneficiaries of such reform and the impact it would have in the health care industry. On the one hand, there might be an increase on taxes to pay for those who do not have their own insurances and cause health care ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

There are many responsibilities a school administrator must watch over when it comes to ensuring the safety and decent education of students. From demanding laws like search and seizure be enacted properly, to seeing that all students enjoy a separation of church and state it appears the duties of an administrator are endless. Many landmark court cases, such as Lemon v. Kurtzman, have seen their way to the Supreme Court over these and other issues in order to ensure that students receive a fair education at the hands of teachers and administrators. Fairness seems to be what is most often on the ...

IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) describes that Utah Prairie Dog is a species of rodent that inhabits the grassland in the southern part of Utah in the United States. This species inhabit grassland areas and feed on grasses and forbs (USFWS 5) that are readily available in their habitat. Social structure of this species is called a clan consisting of an adult male, several females and their young (USFWS 5).
Historically, the habitat of Utah Prairie Dogs were reportedly extended from Pine and Buckskin valleys in Beaver and Iron counties, north to Salina Canyon and near Gunnison in ...

Introduction

The Russian government is a federal type of government. The Russian federation includes 21 Republics 46 Oblast, 9 Kraj, 1 Autonomous Oblast, 4 Autonomous Okrug and 2 Cities of Federal Significance: Moscow and St. Petersburg. The president and the prime minister share the executive power though the president is the main political figure in government. The legislature on the other hand comprises of the Federal Assembly of Russia. The Federal Assembly of Russia is consists of two chambers. The first chamber is the lower house known as the Duma and the second legislative chamber is the upper house known as ...

- What theory or theories of crime best justifies or justify the imposition of capital punishment
There are several legal theories that justify capital punishment in many jurisdictions. In such a punishment, the state puts one to death as a punishment for the crimes they may have committed. Legally, only capital offenses can attract capital punishments. The death sentence has always elucidated various reactions from the public, with some opposing it, and others support it. For instance, as of 2014, only 58 nations in the world actively practiced this punishment. 98 countries have so far abolished the punishment because it ...

(Author)

Cognitive-Behavior Theory

Introduction to Cognitive-Behavior Theory (CBT)
Cognitive-behavior theory deals with micro practice or social work. Micro practice is one of the most common kinds of social work in which people interact with individuals or families to solve their problems. Cognitive structures are designed to work on the reaction and work of individuals in their personal lives as everyone has a unique cognitive structure that is based on individual experiences of life and biological predispositions. The hyphenated term “cognitive-behavioral” shows the significance of both cognitive aspects as well as behavioral approaches to understand and help human beings. Both of them ...

[Class Title]

Defending the Guilty
In 1840, Lord William Russell, an English nobleman was murdered. There was strong evidence that his butler, Courvoisier may have perpetrated the crime. Despite the strong circumstantial evidence, the butler maintained his innocence and was duly represented by his lawyer, Charles Phillips. During the court proceedings, Phillips vigorously defended his client as expected. At this point, Phillips would have already known the guilt of his client. In fact, it would be reasonable to believe that Courvoisier might have already admitted his guilt to his lawyer before the later accepted the case. During the course of ...

Abstract

Several drug policies in the United States have been implemented in a move to try and eradicate drugs out of the streets and schools due to their negative effects on the lives of users and family members. The involvement of drugs in the country has been for a long time and the fight to control the vice continues where several government agencies have been mandated with ensuring that the society is free of illicit substances and drugs. Drug abuse has been a menace in the world and there is need to find lasting solution to this problem that affects the weak and ...

Introduction

According to Alpers et al. (2013), for every 100 adults in the U.S., there are currently 101.5 guns privately owned (both legally and illegally), which puts the U.S. at the top of world rankings for gun ownership (178 countries). In the last decade or so, the number of deaths in the U.S. from firearms has risen from almost 29,000 to over 32,000, equating to over 10 per 100,000 people. So does that extent of gun ownership and homicides mean that more laws are needed to control not just gun ownership but also their use?
And ...