Claim Term Papers Samples For Students

Bond and Lien Claims

Pros of lien claims vs. bond claims
A lien claim is formulated by the law of state in order to secure compensation for materials, services or labor used to build or to improve a real property. The main reason behind this law is the reluctance associated with the property owners, to compensate for construction in advance. Also, the fact that it is impossible to return the work done in case of failure for compensation, made the law be enacted. The law supports construction and development via giving a means, through which employees, as well as other contractors conducting work with ...

The expression of personal opinions can lead to the emergence of truth or fallacious claims. The way people chose to speak determines the reaction of the listener in various ways. Logical fallacy or formal fallacies mean a flaw in reasoning or thought about something. It means coming up with reason but lacks enough arguments to support the reason. In logical fallacies as scare tactics, it means using fallacies to inflict fear. Logical fallacies used as scare tactics and appeal to force are common in day to day lives from childhood to adulthood.
The logical fallacy for scare tactics has ...

The significant purpose of any given government is to support its state and people through dissimilar measures including economic, political and military. However, this is the major reasons why during times of war or other threats to the country, the government takes the authority of applying extra ordinary measurers such as restricting freedom and freezing assets among others. Concurrently, I think that such measures are only relevant when there is a state of emergency in the country so that the government can safeguard its citizen but not throughout. Therefore, the government should note that such measures should only be applicable ...

Medical billing is an iterative process that involves the translation of a healthcare service or product in a billing claim. Ideally, the medical biller has the responsibility to make sure the healthcare institution receives sufficient reimbursement for the services provided by the medical practitioners. The responsibility of the biller may vary from one institution to the other based on size and capacity of the healthcare facility. Ultimately, the medical biller must have specialized knowledge regarding medical records and just like the medical coder; they must have strong familiarity with ICD-9-CM, CPT and HCPCS level II codes (Smiley, 2012). Most ...

Introduction

Revenue recognition is an accounting principle which stipulates the exact time on which revenues from an activity can be recognized in the financial statements of a company. According to this principle, the appropriate time for revenue recognition is when the service has been rendered, as opposed to when the revenue is collected from the client. Explained in practical terms, Trackon ltd, company that sells consumer goods and commits to a transaction in the last month of an accounting year, whereas the revenues are collected in the next accounting period, in the books of account Trackon ltd will record the income in ...

1.0 Introduction
Medicare fraud refers to obtaining money from the Medicare system under false pretense. Many Americans cannot afford to pay for health services. As a result, the Social Security Act in 1965 gave rise to Medicare in order to finance diverse forms of medical care for the vast number of Americans who cannot afford medical insurance. Different forms of Medicare fraud have evolved in the recent past but the bottom line for all of the forms is to illegitimately collect money from the Medicare system. Medicare fraud is just a fragment of the much bigger and intricate web of ...

Introduction

Misrepresentation is a civil wrong or a TORT. This refers to any such activity that may end up in a pecuniary loss creating a civil liability. Legal dictionary defines misrepresentation as “An assertion or manifestation by words or conduct that is not in accord with the facts.”Legal misrepresentation occurs when an individual manifests by words or via other means, something that is false in accordance with the facts which the circumstances provide. It is a statement and not opinion, made by the seller prior the contract is made.
If the purchaser decides to go for the contract relying on the statement provided ...

Introduction

There have been various occasions when employees are discriminated against in terms of promotion on the basis that they are not of the required sex, not that they are not qualified to be in those positions. Because of this, class action lawsuit has been formulated to be applied by the victims of promotional or salary discrimination to fight for their rights.

This write up explains the use of class Action lawsuit by the affected people to ensure they are not discriminated against in promotion at workplace on the basis that they are not of the required sex while they ...

Introduction

Intellectuals spent a considerable period of time during the 20th century discussing skeptical arguments which claim that it is impossible to have knowledge of the existing world. These arguments stem from theories of Descartes and have been the basis of heated discourses on the subject of the external world. The skeptics to the notion of the external world have claimed that their premises on the subject are intuitively obvious. However, they have not offered empirical evidence to underpin their intuition. Some authors contend that the intuitions underpinning their skeptical arguments are universal (widely shared) for those who think critically about ...

Introduction:

The act of deception of another human being through the use of electronic mail is known as email fraud. The idea of deceiving people online became effective immediately after the introduction of email as a source of communication. As the curiosity of people increased, so did an obsession of hitting the jackpot of luck through the internet by winning a lottery or by winning a vacation, pretty much an idea of anything that could lure people into believing they have won something precious was brought to use.

In the today’s world email frauds have taken a very different and ...

The ethical dilemmas that surround the concept of sexual act make it more challenging to determine its intrinsic value. In fact, there is almost certainly no chance of escaping issues like consent, marriage, procreation, preference and gender when discussing sexual act or behavior. Some may argue that to determine if a sex act is intrinsically right or wrong, good or bad, requires a total separation of it from morality or ethics, an idea that is not impossible but very challenging to do.
The use of the word intrinsically in this case, makes it more difficult to formulate a specific answer to ...

Racial Profiling

Racial profiling is the process by which the authorities will create a profile of a likely suspect based on his or hers ethnic background and race. This idea is based on the belief, stereotype and, in some cases, statistics that certain minority groups are more likely to participate in unlawful behaviour (Laney, 2006, p1). The controversy which surrounds this is based in the discussion of whether anyone should be legally pursued on the basis of their ethnicity and race. The narrower end of the wedge here is a definition which sees police officers stopping people for questioning based on their race but ...

Part 1. Primary Data Analysis.
In this paper we describe and discuss the application of statistics and probability theory to a real world problem in the area of psychology. It is believed that it is harder to read printed text on white paper than reading it on colored paper. The researchers decided to examine this claim. In order to do this, they performed a case study: 21 undergraduate students were randomly chosen. Since they were selected regardless of their age, skills, majors, status and abilities, the sampling method is simple random sampling. They were tested for the time spent ...

Introduction

Workers' compensation is a state-mandated insurance program providing compensation and medical benefits to employees who have been injured or disabled during the course of work at the place of employment. In exchange for the compensation, the employees need to relinquish their right to sue their employers for negligence or for the damages caused by the injury (CULS, 2014). Workers' compensation laws also provide monetary benefits to the dependents of those workers who have died due to work-related accidents or injuries. Though the workers' compensation programs vary among states and jurisdictions, the common provisions include wage replacement monetary benefits in the ...

Ethics Violations of PharmaCARE

When viewing the behavior of PharmaCARE in marketing and selling its drug AD23, there are a number of ethical issues that the company is brazenly violating. The first and most brazen violation of marketing ethics was creating a subsidiary (CompCARE) to do the marketing for AD23 in order to circumvent the regulation of the FDA. This is a clear violation of the ethical need to comply with government regulation, which businesses are expected to do. By creating CompCARE and shuffling off the product to them, creating a hasty renovation and shifting of resources, the goal was to prevent the FDA from being able ...

The selection of India comes as no surprise for a number of reasons. It has an ever-changing population rate and a rich history that stipulates and rationalizes population trends. Mortality and population growth have historical underlying reasons. The point is that the Indians would incur multiple waves of incursion. Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan conquered parts of the Indian subcontinent while the British troops sent the whole region into the vassalage of English royalty. An increase in exploitation is always in inverse proportion to population growth and life expectancy. Since the region was the lucrative sources of spices, cotton, and ...

Organization

Liberalism is a political thinking whose ideology is founded on equality and liberty. Liberals are popular for their support of civil rights, press freedom, fair and free elections free trade as well as religious freedom and private property. Liberalism was not a divergent political movement until the 17th century with the endorsement of John Locke. On the other, hand, classical republicanism is a republicanism ideology which was developed in the Renaissance period. It is also known as civil humanism and is based on three main concepts. These are civic virtue, civil society and mixed government. One of the first philosophers to introduce ...

Introduction

Over the years, educators, psychologists, researchers and politicians have been arguing about the use Ebonics in both public and private schools especially its impacts to the African American students’ performance. The research has shown that for a long time there has been a large difference between the performance of the Caucasian and African American students in test scores as a result of the use Ebonics in schools. Due to these differences in performances, many African American students have been put in special classes where they can be helped to improve their performance in the Standard English language. The effects of Ebonics have ...

Introduction:

We have seen economic progress through the centuries, and we have prized that progress because the same has been making our living standards better and it is giving us access to so many services. That of the United States is an economy which screams progress, but within this progress, the economy also hides a great flaw. In this economy, the rich seems to be getting even richer, while the poor suffer through the worse of the ups and downs, at least this is a question that we are going to prove true or false in this paper.
As per ...

Countless debates have ensued concerning the supposed importance of how life began, why it was created, and of course if it has any fundamental purpose. Some would argue that life has no meaning, that it is a randomized hodgepodge of experiences that when placed together create the sum of a life. Others would claim that there is meaning behind every experience, a driving goal that allows an individual to keep going when it would be easier to stop. Whether it is because of personal belief or fundamental truths that can be measured and verified the meaning of life remains ...

Philosophy

Introduction
“So far, about morals, I know only that what is moral is what you feel good after and what is immoral is what you feel bad after.”- Ernest Hemingway. The above quote by an eminent American writer speaks volume of the involvement of perception of different individuals in deciding any action, morally right or wrong. Some philosophers also had this belief that every individual has an inner voice, which can never encourage you to do anything wrong. However, it is necessary to listen to the same extremely attentively. They refer this inner voice as the voice of ...

According to Lance Stell’s 1979 publication dubbed “Dueling and the Right to Life”, the legal definition of dueling refers to it as an “act of fighting with deadly weapons between two persons in pursuance of a previous agreement” (p.7). Apparently, in the case of a dispute, the opposing individuals take it upon themselves to deal with their disparities without the interference of a third party, especially the law. Hence, “Dueling as Politics” by Joanne Freeman promptly informs readers that duelists were often victims of matters beyond their control, “haunted by private demons” (1996, p.290). Thus, upon the issuing ...

ABSTRACT

The environmental friendly activities have been given utmost importance in every field. Due to the environmental degradation, the new trend of “go green” has been formed among the people. The people are very persistent about sustainability. The architecture and civil engineering are one of the major fields where the sustainability has to be considered on priority basis. Architect Stefano Boeri has been translating his unique idea of sustainability through world’s first vertical forest building, Bosco Verticale. The objective of the present paper is to explore the safety, durability and the sustainability of the architecture. It these factors are ...

Demographic Characteristics of Society

Introduction
Demographics are a collection of factors and characteristics that describe the population living in a particular community or society. Some of these demographics that are collected and collated during census, survey and other research approaches and methodologies may include age, gender, religion, race, marital status, education, income level, economic status and other significant factors. Demographics are very useful and help in the analysis and study of the given population in order that the researcher could come up with the community’s profile, which will include its aspirations, political inclination, religious and cultural beliefs, and many others. This helps ...

The world’s petroleum and oil supply are being depleted at a rapid rate, which has necessitated the need to utilize alternate sources of energy. In 2001, unconventional source of energy contributed to only 1% of the energy needs of the US (Martin, 2015). By 2035, 46% of the energy required by the US is estimated to be provided by alternate sources of energy (Adgate, Goldstein & McKenzie, 2014). Apart from being an alternate source of energy, unconventional energy source such as natural gas extracted from shale beds are one of the cleanest sources of energy (Martin, 2015). One of ...

EXAM QUESTIONS ON BUSINESS AND SOCIETY

1. To what extent are companies justified in claiming that they are good corporate citizens?
The key goal of any business enterprise is to maximize profits and minimize cost. The management must safeguard the social welfare of the employees. In addition, the company must respect the social and cultural values as well as providing quality products and services to the consumers. Therefore, corporate citizenship is the understanding of all stakeholders in a company or business enterprise that it has social responsibilities to the employees, the surrounding society and the consumers, who indirectly influence the company’s performance in regional ...

Legal and Ethical Issue

Retirement income in the United States (US) fundamentally comes from Social Security. More than a third of the elderly beneficiaries of Social Security rely almost entirely on it for their income (more than 90%), making up the total of two-thirds of them whose reliance on it accounts for more than half their income (Brossoie, 2010; NASI, 2014; Poterba, 2014). Having kept around 22 million Americans out of poverty, Social Security remains an integral program favorably viewed by many (Poterba, 2014). In fact, findings from a study gauging public opinion from different generations conducted by the National Academy of Social Insurance (NASI) ...

Business Financing and the Capital Structure

It can be a daunting task for any business to decide the best financing option when they are in need of capital to expand their businesses. There is variety of financial resources that businesses can utilize to expand. These categorized into two, the debt and equity. For the debt option, the business borrows money to be repaid back--for example the bank loan. Equity involves a business selling interest to investors in the company. There are several advantages of the debt option. When the lender write a check, he/she does not come back to claim the equity in business and the relationship ends ...

There are clear rules and laws that discriminate between legal and illegal things but there are no given reasons as to why this discrimination is made. In the case of drugs, there is no other opinion apart from being harmful and illegal. Marijuana in particular, is referred to as a main source of enjoyment for the generations today. Since the very existence of the drug, there has been a non-stop debate regarding its legalization in the United States of America. It has been tested and proved that marijuana has a positive impact on the society in numerous ways. Marijuana is a natural plant ...

[Class Title]

Defending the Guilty
In 1840, Lord William Russell, an English nobleman was murdered. There was strong evidence that his butler, Courvoisier may have perpetrated the crime. Despite the strong circumstantial evidence, the butler maintained his innocence and was duly represented by his lawyer, Charles Phillips. During the court proceedings, Phillips vigorously defended his client as expected. At this point, Phillips would have already known the guilt of his client. In fact, it would be reasonable to believe that Courvoisier might have already admitted his guilt to his lawyer before the later accepted the case. During the course of ...

Introduction

The execution rate reached its peak of 98 executions in1999 after the Supreme Court has restored the imposition of capital punishment in 1976. However, there has been a significant change thereafter, since there was a downward trend in the executions due to the fact that there are some high-profile cases involving death row inmates, who had been acquitted after undergoing the DNA testing. According to the report of Christian Century, even though the number of the death row inmates who were executed in the year 2012 remained unchanged at 43 since 2011, the opponents of death penalty argued that the capital ...

Introduction

Ghost hunting has been a very impressive program to follow within the American perspectives. After the generation of the series in the major Television Program, so many people gathered the interest to follow and understand the realities behind the program. The lack of including certain tools in the analysis and understanding the program or even the inclusion of certain tools of analysis in the interpretation of the program have in most cases led [to the claims of being scientific in nature. So many ghost hunters, the people with the interests and passion for following to understand a ghost hunting program and ...

Since ancient times, philosophers have been elaborating on the visions and ideas that can help individuals to make decisions in complicated life situations. Ethical philosophy is different from variety of other sciences and branches of philosophy, because it is more normative or prescriptive, rather than aimed at describing and explaining particular phenomena, encountered by individuals (Icheku 21-22). In other words, ethical philosophy is aimed at find out how one is ought to act, while other sciences tend to observe natural and societal phenomena. Making an ethical decision requires usage of one of the ethical decision-making frameworks. Among most famous ...

Chapter Four: Why does there need to be a strong balance between logic and emotion?

The purpose of a good argument is to persuade the targeted audience. In order to achieve this goal, the orator needs to bring solid claims, which to reach people, appealing both to their logical reasoning senses, but also to their emotional side. “Good argumentation involves a balance between sound logic and critical emotions” (Makau & Marty, 2001, p. 113). Makau and Marty (2001) argue this claim by explaining that emotion is a human feeling connected to morality, influencing people to stand up for what they consider morally right, such as protecting the forests and wildlife or enforcing the persons with disabilities. The authors ...

COURSEDATE

What can be learned from history
Lao Tzu once said: "Be able to see the beginning and the way of antiquity, and this knowledge will allow you to see the clue that led to the present day." Logically Tzu is claiming that the future may be complicated, however, people use the past to plan for the future, and thus face the future challenges with optimism.
However, agnostics and others claim that everything that happens has been, and will not be anything new. They argue that different things occur in different times, but in most instances, nothing new ...

Introduction

This term paper focuses more on the difference in views of society among Ancient Greek Philosophers more specifically about the different views about power and state by Aristotle and Plato. In the general context, Aristotle had a natural and biological view of the world. He believed that everything that is in existence has a specific function in the society. Aristotle at time seemed to be in believed of slavery, as he did not recognize the role of women in the society. On the other hand, Plato believes that democracy is always a tyranny rather than oligarchies. He also thinks that the best ...

Introduction.

AT&T (Amercian Telephone and Telegraph Company) is an American based public company with history which goes back to the end of XIX century when the first telephone was invented. Originally AT&T was one of the subsidiaries of Bell Telephone Company, whose founder Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone itself. Company was founded in 1885 and provided short and long distance calls along with telegraph services. Throughout the century it has become one the world’s largest telecommunication companies which provide wide range of services from fixed and mobile telephony to broadband internet services and digital television.
Company was ...

A concept can be thought of as a lens that can be used to see a phenomenon or explain it. If the contents of the concept varies, the lenses are changed, and the same phenomenon might appear different to the observer as well. The concept of Nature sometimes is used without being defined but, according to some philosophers, it encloses at least three different meanings , and each can be considered a different glass through which the world can be observed and even defined. Some authors see nature as an inherent quality of all objects, as something that generates them or gives them ...

The rapid advance of technology has been amazing in so many ways; communication with people around the globe has never been as easy as it is today. Both computers and mobile phones allow people all over the world to be just a click away from real communication. Lately, social networking has become a huge trend in today’s society, since it is the fastest and effortless way to meet new people who may share similar ideas and it allows us to stay in touch with old friends and relatives that live far away. Moreover, there are still concerns about the way ...

Introduction

Police force is a very important department in America. The police officers play a very significant role in the society. It is no secret that the American police forces are largely dominated by men. There are fewer female officers as compared to their male counterparts. Obviously, the few female officers are faced with lots of challenges. This makes it difficult for them to cope up with the working conditions in which they are expected to discharge their duties. This paper gives a critical evaluation of female police officers. It does this by focusing on the historical trends, their numbers, challenges and the ...

The deep influence of Judeo-Christian heritage on the civilization of the West is evident from the current notions of human rights and human dignity, innovations in the field of medicine and science, universal education, humanitarian habitual traits and their extensive contribution to arts.
While this claim is common, it has been dogged by controversy in recent times and the revisionists of late modernity along with individuals suffering from historical amnesia have raised a strong opposition to this claim.
Both the liberal media and active humanists have joined forces over the years to focus their efforts on providing the American ...

The article addresses how insanity is used as a defense in the courts. Insanity refers to a situation whereby an individual has a mental problem hence is affected psychologically. In this case, the individual cannot be responsible for his/her actions. An individual has to prove to the court that he/she was not responsible for the criminal activities because he/she had mental problems.
According to the article, judges are aware that the insane individuals can claim insanity as a defense. In that case, the insane person is said not to be guilty. However, when a jury is involved the results are different. A jury ...

Introduction

“Everyday Use” by Alice Walker is a story about two quilts which were also used to symbolize and show the meaning of true inheritance. This story shows the similarity of a quilt to a person’s view of the world and where it is made up of. Mama, who acted as the narrator, used two quilts to represent two different worlds in conflict which her two daughters embodied. In this story, Mama shows how the worlds of her two daughters, who grew up from the same rich inheritance of the family, as well as the history and community be so different. This ...

Introduction

Terrorist activities are on the rise worldwide; USA has not been left behind following the recent Boston bombing attack. These attacks and constant threats lead to counteractive measures by governments in a bid to ensure their citizens’ safety. In respect to the US situation, the lives of Americans and other individuals end in these attacks. This causes fear among the citizens. The government has a responsibility of acting against these attacks; this ensures the safety of its citizens. The US Department of Justice prepared a secret 16-page memo in reference to the terrorism situation. This memo provides for the assassination of American ...

Even though the way in which Cynthia J. Van Zandt “Brothers among Nations” has structured her article is a bit frustrating, the insights that she makes are quite fascinating. The topic of her essay is centered in the mid 1600s when “Cheaspeake became the center of an extraordinary intercultural alliance” (Madaras and SoRelle, p. 61). Although Zandt moves and flows away from the line of interpretation, but I find the important thesis statement that emerges in her essay quite compelling. Van Zandt’s thesis revolves around “the ideas of liberty that flourished during the 1640s and 1650s” (Foner, p. 84) ...

According to Robert K. Merton of the Harvard University, there are “certain phases of social structures [that] generate circumstances in which infringement o social codes constitute a normal response.”(Meryton 1) Two parts of social structures have been identified: (a) the culturally defined goals, purposes, and interests (i.e. the “ends”), and (b) the acceptable modes or regulations of achieving these goals (i.e. the “means). Differences on the perception of importance of each part constitute ranges of behaviours that greatly identify one social group from the other, which can sometimes result to deviant behaviours from members of the group.
Social groups offer ...

When reading a text, how important is the actual intent of the author? If a reader gleans a different meaning from a work than the author intended to include, is that viewpoint still valid? According to the Formalist school of literary criticism, the intentions of the author are irrelevant; as long as there is a concrete meaning to be gleaned from some interpretation of the text itself, it is valid. Formalism looks at the structure of a work itself to determine its meaning, regardless of whatever sociopolitical or narrative ends the author originally had in mind. In this light, the text takes precedence over the ...

The introduction of biotechnology in the field of crop science has seen vast development of useful processes and products over the years. Biotechnology has already been applied in the fields of medicine, agriculture and animal science as stipulated by (Taylor). A genetically modified crop entails the transfer of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from a bacterium or gene to another specimen. Characteristics are contained in the gene and are germinated to enable the crop to copy the characteristics (Halford). Genetically modified foods have existed since the early 1990s and attracted various nations to employ this technology (Gura). However, the field is still ...

1.0 Introduction

Christianity stands out from the rest of the many and diverse religious beliefs that exist in the world today. According to Buntin (nd) in the myriad of religious beliefs today the idea of salvation is common albeit being defined or even termed differently. The concept of salvation from all the religious beliefs implies reconciliation of humanity to God (deity). The basic principle is that the sin and wickedness of man has separated him from his maker thus the need for salvation. As earlier mentioned to many religions salvation means different things including oneness with deity, righteousness, perfect nothingness, enlightenment, ...

Buddhism dates back many years. While some people believe that Buddhism is an atheistic religion, others feel that, although gods are not seen as central to the creation of the universe, they are acknowledged as existing. As Buddhism can coexist with other traditional religions, the levels of atheism within the religion varies between members.
Buddhism is a religion to around 300 million people throughout the globe. The word was derived from 'budhi', which means 'to awaken' (Buddhanet). It originated roughly 2,500 years ago when Siddhartha Gotama, at the age of thirty-five, was enlightened. Siddhartha Gotama is now widely ...