Debt Term Papers Samples For Students

Balance Sheet:a)What components of stockholders' equity do each of the companies disclose?

Referring to the balance sheet of both the companies, below is the information relating to stockholder equity:
Meiji Holdings:
The company during 2013, has total stockholder equity of $3242.84 Million with the components of stockholder equity as follows:
- Common Stock(Authorized and Issued)
- Capital Surplus
- Retained Earnings
- Treasury Stock(at cost)

General Mills Inc:

Noted from the balance sheet of the company for the year 2013, the total stockholder equity of the company was reported to be $3242.84 Million with the component of stockholder equity as follows:
- Common Stock(par ...

Because of the vibrant construction industry, companies that deal with steel production have healthy financial records. The two companies that I will analyze are; the United States steel company and the second company is steel dynamics Inc. this are among biggest producers of steel and other carbon products in the United States and are considered as high performers by all means. United States Steel Corporation was established in 1901 by four people, and they were Elbert Gary, Carnegie andrew, J.P Morgan and Schwab Charles. The corporation implemented its diversification strategy in other activities and has gone into various industries ...

Executive Summary

Wal-Mart Stores Incorporation boasts of market leadership in the provision of retail products and services to clients located across the globe. According to Walmart (2013), the retailer relies upon its 10,900 retail units spread across 27 countries to increase its share of the retail market. The retailer, listed on the New York Stock Exchange, is the largest in the United States of America. Essentially, the company provides all products under a single roof. This ability appeals to customers who have limited time to shop around for consumer and commercial products.
The company has grown its internal operations to ...

International business is the multi-lateral trade between different countries across the globe. International trade has various positive and negative effects to the participating countries. For example, in the recent past, the world has been rocked by various financial crises originating from different parts of the world. One of the major financial crises that greatly affected the world of commerce is the Greece debt crisis. In addition, there are other two financial crises that have caused negative impacts in both Europe and America. These crises are Spain and Portugal debt crisis (Duthel, 2011). It is evident that management of debt ...

In recent news, the Greek Debt Crisis continues to escalate further given Greece’s continues debt despite the bailout funds provided by the EU, IMF, and the World Bank. Considered as one of the primary reasons for the on-going Eurozone crisis, the Greek Debt Crisis showcases not just the Greek government’s incapacities to improve its economic status but also the impact of an unstable economy to the remaining members of the Eurozone. Prior to the announcement of the Greek debt crisis, experts had already seen Greece’s economic instability that would prove fatal in the long-run and led ...

Ratio refers to a comparison between two variables, ratios is an important component in day to day business as it enables the shareholders and other stakeholders to check the performance of business in comparison to the previous year’s which refers to trend analysis it can also be used for cross sectional analysis which involves comparing the performance of business with other business within the same industry. Other financial ratios such as liquidity ratio plays a very important part in managing working capital in that a business will be able to predict the cash required to manage day to day transactions, in ...

Abstract

Since 2007, the European markets continued to experience a decline as several European nations had felt the consequences of applying the unstable Euro into their countries that had influenced the nation’s economic instability as seen in the case of Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. In recent news, the European debt crisis continues to prevail as the Eurozone reaches its all-time low for the past5 years as both strong and weak European markets now enter a state of recession that affects the entire world market. With the current European Debt Crisis continuing to influence the European markets, the United States may ...

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Abstract

Debt crisis is a general term for accumulated and massive money that is owed relative to income/revenue. Student’s debt crisis is a growing concern in America. The objective of this paper is to understand the situation of student debt crisis in America, its effects and ways to contain the situation. The paper suggests that student’s debt crisis is largely caused by uninformed students, the “default activity” mentality” and the federal aid. The federal aid is influencing colleges to charge even more, and they are the most benefitted out of this arrangement. The situation can be contained by ...

The capital structure of any company is a very important factor that the managers of any organization are expected to manage. Capital structure generally determines the value of the firm in combination with other factors (Moyer, 47). Capital involves a cost to a company and therefore proper management of capital is necessary to ensure that the cost of capital of an organization is not too high. Texas industries Inc is a company found in the United States. This research paper will evaluate the capital structure of the company and recommend how it can change the capital structure if need be to ensure that ...

There have been concerns from economic experts and scholars on the increasing rate of federal budget deficits and government debt. An analysis of the history of the Federal budget shows that the budget has been in deficit more times than it has been operating at a surplus. The country has been in the red for quite a while over the years.

Deficits and Surpluses in the US Federal Budget

The US treasury was established in 1789. From 1789 to the year 2011, the country has operated on a total of 222 budgets throughout the years. History shows in total that the budget has experienced 115 deficits and 107 surpluses. Analysing ...

JetBlue Airways Corporation is an American airline which provides low cost, but high quality services by imposing advance technology and effective customer service. The airline was founded in 1998 and is headquartered in Long Island City nearer to New York City (JetBlue Airways).
The fundamental business strategy is cost leadership and differentiation. JetBlue Airways has aggressively cut down the cost without neglecting the quality and comforts that customers want. Company aimed to develop efficient cost structure which supported low fare rates with standard quality services. The fares offered by company are almost 50% lower than other airlines. For ...

Third Round of Quantitative Easing (QE3)

QE3 or the third round of quantitative easing is a central bank (i.e., Federal Reserve) open-ended bond-buying policy directed towards lowering the interest rates and mortgage rates to stimulate demand in the economy. The QE3 in the US that started on September of this year involves buying of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) worth $40 billion every month. This is done by injecting a pre-determined quantity of newly created money in the economy through the purchase of debts (bonds) from banks.
The graph shows what’s happening in the bonds market with the QE3 policy of the Central Bank. As the government ...

Global Debt

Definition of the problem
Debt crisis, which was as a result of the credit collapse in 2008, is being experienced by each and every country across the globe. The global credit crisis has caused adverse effects to the global community. For instance, slashing of public services, and selling of public assets has been experienced in an effort towards trying to balance budgets. Regardless of these efforts, the budgets cannot be balanced due to shrinking of money supply. The onset of debt crisis was initiated by financial institutions and not governmental spending as many people tend to believe. Indeed, the ...

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the Clorox Company financial research. The research includes analysis of financial statements, analysis of financial ratios, bonds and stock valuation methods, calculation of dividends growth rate, description of constant-growth model, calculation of beta coefficient of stock, calculation of standard deviation of stock, calculation of weighted average cost of capital. The computations are based on the data collected from annual reports for the years 2007-2011. Calculations were made using appendices and excel spreadsheets. The arguments are supported by analysis of financial performance of the Company.

Introduction

In accordance with Bloomberg (2012), Clorox Company is a large manufacturer ...

Introduction

The bank of Queensland was instituted in 1874 as the first permanent building society in Queensland, Australia. Initially, it was being operated as Brisbane Permanent Benefit Building and Investment Society. This society was later incorporated in 1887 and then got amalgamated with the City and Suburban Building Society in 1921. Later on in 1931, it was again amalgamated with Queensland Deposit Bank. It received a license to operate as a trading bank in 1942. The bank computerized its operations in 1970 and then underwent a series of transformations that included changing its name to bank of Queensland. The bank was first listed ...

Introduction

Investment bankers are professionals who are well trained when it comes to managing assets, either through creation, transfer, or sale. One of the most important processes being undertaken by investment bankers includes valuation. When it comes to facilitating the operations related to the valuation models as well as assessment of business assets, they normally employ numerous skills and competencies. Business valuation methods represent the instruments that are applied in investment banking, so as to conduct the business value estimation so that the perspective investor could have the appropriate understanding of the current value of the business unit and the ...

PepsiCo Summary

PepsiCo is the biggest food and beverage business in North America and the biggest in the world. Some of its brands in America include Quaker Oats, Pepsi-Cola, Gatorade and Tropicana. In addition, it has Aquifana, Naked, 7UP and Cheetos outside America. Brands that exist in Europe include Mirinda whereas, in Latin America, the popular brand is the Gamesa. PepsiCo has employed over 290,000 employees worldwide in its 700 facilities. These facilities include research and development facilities, manufacturing sites as well as the distribution centers and offices. PepsiCo’s success is attributed to its high standards of performance, distinctive ...

TeleTech Holdings, Inc. (TTEC)

TeleTech Holdings is a technology services company whose main business is the provision of telephony services to businesses. The company operates call centers and BPO centers through which it connects customers to their companies. Through the provision of the telephony services, it creates a lasting customer experience, which in turn results in growing revenues and profitability of the companies that it represents. The various industries that it serves include the automotive industry, financial services, healthcare, government agencies, e-commerce entities, and the hospitality industry among others (TeleTech Holdings, 2017).
In light of the above brief on TeleTech Holdings, the objective ...

Importance of Financial Ratios

Financial ratios are crucial elements that help us assess how a company is performing. It is even more crucial for the performance management of a smaller firm. As a small business owner, I will have the capability to implement a wide variety of ratio management tools for finding out how the firm is and will be performing in the future. Financial ratios are quantitative analysis tools that help us assess the performance of the firm using statistical and mathematical calculations. The financial ratios cover a wide range of aspects of a business; such as, liquidity, profitability, activity ratios, debt ratios and market ratios.

All of ...

Background of the Case

In 2007, Peoples Company acquired a large manufacturing plant from Lexington, Inc. The new manufacturing plant was run by one of Peoples' subsidiary companies, Choice Manufacturing LLC. They built upon the acquired management team, diversified the client base and made significant investments in the plan. Choice Manufacturing LLC has consistently exceeded expectations for Peoples Company. Since acquiring the new plant from Lexington, they have been able to attract new non-Lexington types of manufacturing. They also considered taking the company public. Choice Manufacturing was the premier business until they ran into a cash flow crisis two and a half years later. They sought ...

The US Subprime mortgage crisis was a banking and financial emergency situation that led to a recession not only in the US but spread to many parts of the world. The disastrous effects of a crisis in the domestic subprime market on the rest of the world beg questions about the interconnectability and interdependence of the international economy as well as the financial institutions. The international financial crisis also revealed how vulnerable the global financial system was. Not only did the subprime crisis have a direct effect on global markets and countries that held a huge number of US mortgage backed securities and were ...

Company Analysis: Verizon Communications

About the paper
The paper is commissioned to perform financial analysis and equity valuation of Verizon Communications, and issue a final recommendation on the company’s performance. As part of this analysis, we will be using the raw financial figures of 2014 and 2015 and will then run them through the microscope of financial ratios. On the other hand, the equity valuation will be performed using the comparable approach as part of which we will calculate the intrinsic value of the company’s stock using industry PE ratio.
However, before initiating with the financial calculations, we will introduce a ...

[Your Full Name]

Profitability of the company
The profitability of the company is determined by the benchmarking of different returns on the total sales of the company. Some of the basically used methods here are gross profit margin, net profit margin, revenue per employee, and other margin ratios in company’s income statement and balance sheet. The revenue of company is in increasing trend. Approximate revenue of $29 million reached mark of $37 million in 2011, and reached the level of $50 million by 2012. There is significant growth in the revenue model of company as it has ...

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

ANALYSIS OF THE PULTE GROUP
Analysis of the Residential Industry
The assessment of the residential industry has been conducted in the previous section using three tools of Porters five forces model, key Success factor and Futures Trends for the short and near to short term.
The conclusion that can driven from the Porter five forces model refer that industry is highly attractive as four acting forces among five poses low threat. Despite attractiveness from four forces, the rivalry among competitors is high. This distinct result for the rivalry force rose from the fact that housing industry ...

FIRMS AND THE FINANCIAL MARKET

Financial markets play an important function of channeling funds from agents who have saved money and are willing to lend it out to agents who need funds and are also willing to borrow. Financial market is defined by Brigham E.F & Ehrhadt, M.C. (2011) as what brings together people and organizations needing money with those having surplus funds. There are many financial markets in a developed economy or a geographic location. In contrast to physical (real or tangible) asset markets where products like machine parts, automobiles, real estate, computers and machinery are sold, the financial asset market on the other hand is ...

Law

A credit card agreement is a legal contract between a bank or financial institution that issues the credit card and the consumer who uses the credit card. On the one hand the banks want “freedom of contract,” while on the other hand the consumer wants transparency from the banks and the right to negotiate terms. (Talking, 2009, thecitizens.blogspot.gr) From the banks point of view consumers have the option to accept or to not accept the terms of the agreement. This is true because consumers can theoretically choose to never use credit cards. But from the consumers’ point of view there is ...

Abstract 2

Introduction . 3
Lessons from Capital Market History . 3
Return, Risk and the SML .. 5

Cost of Capital 7

Financial Leverage and Capital Structure Policy 9
Conclusion 11
Abstract
This paper entails a critical analysis and discussion of the components of the corporate finance and its subsequent application in the contemporary business environment. The discussion and analyses contained in this paper are centered on the book by Ross, Westerfield and Jordan (2012) which is titled: “Fundamentals of Corporate Finance.” In this book, different aspects and components of this subject of corporate finance have been discussed in great depth and this paper essentially entails ...

PART 1:

Using the draw tools in Word, show what happened to the demand for housing by drawing the demand for housing in 2005, 2006, and 2009. This means you draw lines for the demand and supply of housing in 2005, 2006, and 2009 to the supply and demand graph and match what happens to the price in those years with what is show in the chart. Explain what caused demand to change over this period.

The graph below shows the demand of housing in 2005, 2006 and 2009 and how the price fluctuates.
The demand for houses rose rapidly during ...

Introduction

The exchange rate has become an integral component of modern economics. Its role stems from its far-reaching effects on the economy of a country, investments, the profitability of firms, and personal finances. Countries have become even more interdependent due to the rapid advancement in communication technologies and the expansion of global trade, which have significantly reduced the geographical distance between both individuals and countries. However, since nations use a broad range of domestic currencies with different values, trading partners must, therefore, rely on currency conversion methods to facilitate global transactions. This paper explores the importance of exchange rate and ...

1. Introduction
The paper will present the public company Starbucks Corporation. The focus will be on examining the background of the company and the industry in which the company operates. The analysis of the competition in the sector, the risks and mitigation of the company will follow. The research will involve the financial analysis of the global active company.
1. Background and overview of the company and the industry
The official name is the Starbucks Corp. and is present in the consumer services industry. A sector in which the company operates is a travel & leisure. The foundation of the ...

Introduction.

AT&T (Amercian Telephone and Telegraph Company) is an American based public company with history which goes back to the end of XIX century when the first telephone was invented. Originally AT&T was one of the subsidiaries of Bell Telephone Company, whose founder Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone itself. Company was founded in 1885 and provided short and long distance calls along with telegraph services. Throughout the century it has become one the world’s largest telecommunication companies which provide wide range of services from fixed and mobile telephony to broadband internet services and digital television.
Company was ...

Executive Summary

This paper is aimed at discussing the Housing Crisis in the USA during year 2007 and it’s after effects. This paper starts with a brief introduction of the topic and then proceeds to the causes which lead to the housing crisis in USA during year 2007. After discussing the causes of the crisis, the early stages of the crises are briefly described which is followed by the actual development of the crisis. The effects of the crisis on US economy are mentioned afterwards which is followed by a brief conclusion of the paper. This paper has been prepared using several ...

Answer 1: Financial ratios represent a mathematical assessment/comparison of entries (two or more) from the organization’s financial statements namely Income statement, Balance sheet, Cash flow statement and Statement of owner’s equity. These ratios facilitate managers and business owners to map the progress of the business, identify the problem areas and find out the trends in the business.
Liquidity could be regarded as an important concern for small businesses and to assess liquidity; quick ratio and current ratio are used. These ratios would indicate how well the business is in the position of meeting its short term obligations. ...

Accounting and Financial Management

Question 1.
A. Taking into account Centro management experience, there are three main issues that are to be addressed, namely: company directors do not have to consider signing financial reports as formality and remember that they are the ultimate authority which controls financial statements; overload with information cannot be used as an excuse for absence of control over the accounting process; there must be a person who would check financial reports in the company (internal financial auditor) and consult top management regarding financial issues.
B. Eight former directors of Centro were accused in failure to disclose short-term debt ...

Liquidity Ratio: these ratios are useful to Al Meera Company to determine and measure its capacity to pay its compromises with banks and creditors.
■ Current Ratio: The calculations show a decrease between 2014 and 2015 from 1.93 to 1.65. That means that the company has 1.65 riyals of current assets per 1 riyal of current liabilities. The company reduced the cash and relative inventory positions from 2014 to 2015.
■ Quick Ratio: The calculations show an increase between 2014 and 2015 from 0.37 to 0.40. That means that the company has 0.40 riyals of cash equivalents per 1 riyal of ...

In the 1990s Turkey faced many economic crises and the last crisis was in 2001 (Chen et al, 2014). Wrong fiscal policies and failures of the banking industry were the key factors that led to the crisis (Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency, 2010). Turkey needed to implement many structural reforms in order to improve the situation in the economy (Togan, 2009).
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) began cooperation with Turkey in 1998. When the crisis started in February 2001, the IMF developed a special support program for Turkey. In 4 years the IMF offered $20.4 billion of loans (Yeldan, ...

Interest rates are the monetary compensation or the cost of borrowing given to the lender(s) or supplier(s) of funds by the borrower(s) or demander(s) of funds or loans (CMU, 2010). The terms required returns and interest rates are similar in that the lender gets compensated for the funds they provide to the borrower. However, required returns are used when referring to equity instruments (investments) like common stock, and the interest rate is used when referring to debt instruments like bonds or bank loans. There are several factors that influence interest rates. They include inflation, risk ...

Executive summary

I chose to focus on functional strategy formulation and strategic choice in their application to real business world. This would aid me in understanding the topic in this “Strategic Management and Business Policy” textbook written by Thomas L. Wheelen and J. David Hunger. This report will be aimed at analyzing topic seven and eight, as they appear in the above class textbook. Chapter 7 and 8 concentrates on functional strategy formulation and strategic choice that concerns the full cycle of business life. This topic analyzes various strategies a business undertakes in the pursuit of growth and stability as well as ...

Business Financing and the Capital Structure

It can be a daunting task for any business to decide the best financing option when they are in need of capital to expand their businesses. There is variety of financial resources that businesses can utilize to expand. These categorized into two, the debt and equity. For the debt option, the business borrows money to be repaid back--for example the bank loan. Equity involves a business selling interest to investors in the company. There are several advantages of the debt option. When the lender write a check, he/she does not come back to claim the equity in business and the relationship ends ...

The concept of disaster bonds: Overview of catastrophe bonds

Capital markets experience a number of risks that cause investors huge sums of cash. Catastrophe bonds (cat bonds) are a form of principal-at-risk debt securities issued by insurance companies to investors that allow direct transfer of low-frequency, high-sensitivity risk to capital markets. Traditionally, debt securities only allowed insurance companies to repay full principal amount upon maturity of the bond. The introduction of catastrophe bonds solved this situation. Upon the occurrence of one or more catastrophe event, the outstanding principal of the insured reduces. Examples of catastrophe events covered by this bond include natural disasters (earthquakes, hurricane), deaths caused by an outbreak ...

Abstract

A vast contraction in world trade and the global economic environment leads to the financial crisis experienced today as countries fight for market share in the international trade. Most governments face pressure from their neighbors to create wealth and jobs creating a complex system governing commerce between states. The above situation creates desperate times that lead into desperate protectionist measures (Wyk 1). China fears protectionism having experienced the biggest ever financial crisis in 2009, and struggled over years to build its economy to its current position. China recorded 8% Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in 2009, a situation attributed to falling ...

The city of Richmond, California, has proposed a policy that would entail the use of eminent domain in acquiring the mortgages paid by its residents. Mayor Gayle McLaughlin based her policy on the premise that many residents of Richmond have been suffering from massive homeowner debt brought forth by the decreasing value of houses. Many residents in Richmond have yet to settle their mortgages, many of which are much more expensive than the actual value of their homes and thus called “underwater mortgages”. Mayor McLaughlin explained that the use of eminent domain by her office would greatly benefit Richmond, which ...

Balance sheet

Balance sheet can be defined as a financial statement which shows the financial position of a business as at a particular time. It has two parts one of them shows all the assets that the company owns and the other side shows the liabilities as well as the shareholder’s equity. (Barry J. & Epstein, E 78).A balance sheet is always prepared as per a certain date. For instance, a balance sheet dated 31st December 2000, shows the financial position of the business for the year 2000.In simple terms, a balance sheet may be defined as a financial statement which shows the sources of funds (liabilities) ...

Economic development and the IMF and the World Bank in the Caribbean

Introduction
Following the international standards, the Caribbean nations are not very rich in natural resources and this has affected their economies very much. A lot can be done so as to improve the economy in the Caribbean. The paper will discuss the history of the Caribbean economies and the experiences they have gone through in the development of their economies. It will also discuss how trade agreements with other countries, the World Bank and the IMF have helped to shape up the Caribbean economies.
Tourism and the sugarcane industry are also major contributions to the Caribbean economies ...

Introduction

An economy of a country goes through different cycles. There will be periods where there will be a boom and at other times there can be a recession. In the Western world the period 2007 to 2009 was a tough period as the economy went through a recession. Many people lost their jobs while others lost their homes. It is estimated that a total of 8.4 Million jobs were lost during the recession period. Mortgage products were the worst hit. Governments came up with measures to stimulate the economy. The American government spent a lot of money bailing out banks and mortgage companies.

There are two ...

Introduction

The idea of slavery for many people is the images of black men in cotton plantations, working a whole day for no pay. The trade of African people for lifetimes of slavery is the other embedded idea of slavery to many people living in Canada and United States. These concepts of slavery ignore the possibility of a current form of slavery. The idea that slaves are working forcefully without pay in Canada and the United States is farfetched. This status of ignorance acts as part of the modern day slavery, where people, especially young girls, are sold for purposes ...

Introduction

Money plays a vital role in the determination of income and employment . interest rate are a significant determinant of aggregate spending ad the Federal Reserve which controls the money growth and the interest rates is the first institution to be blamed when the economy of in trouble. Now the question arises what is money.

Money Definition

Money is a medium of exchange. Money is divided into commodity money and token money. To some economist there is difference between commodity money and token money. A commodity money is a medium of exchange which has a commodity value as distinct from a value ...

Forewords

South Korea is an East Asian nation located in the southern part of the Korea Peninsula. Prior to 1948, the South and North Korea were one nation under different occupying forces. The forces of the United States occupied the south while the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) occupied the north. However, in 1948 after the World War II, the nation of South Korea was established, and the two parts were partitioned. This partition caused unbalanced economic units. This was because North Korea controlled majority of the natural resources and heavy industries which were created during the time in ...

History and Overview:

Headquartered in San Jones, California, Adobe Inc is a multinational computer software company. The chief operations of the company include development of multimedia and creative software products along with rich internet application software development.
The company was founded in the year 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, both of whom were employees of Xerox PARC. The very first product launched by the company was Post Script followed by Digital Fonts. However, the very first consumer software launched by the company was Adobe illustrator which was a vector based drawing programme designed especially for Apple Macintosh. Today, the company offers ...

Introduction

The current business environment has created a tough competition among companies each struggles to appear in top ten of the best-practice companies. The Financial Economics uses several factors in determining the suitability of an organization to be ranked among the best practice companies. On the other hand, the best-practice companies share some similarities, and also there are some differences in their operations. A company becomes recognized for its best practices based on the amount of revenues in the respective fiscal year. In addition, the classification is based on the market value that determines the company’s share price as a product ...

Introduction

In the current investment industry, real estate is considered as one of the most viable investment. Real estate investment offers a lot of benefits to the investor and is considered to have a very bright future.
Basically, real estate is defined as “any interest on land”. The interest can either be a leasehold interest or an ownership interest. In the case of ownership interest, the owner or investor has full land ownership rights and, at the same time, assumes the responsibilities and risks associated with the ownership. The ownership rights include the legal use and transfer of title of the land ...

Introduction

The year 2007-08 brought nightmares for the US economy and its participants because least anyone had expected that the world’s biggest economy will cripple and face the worst ever recession after the Great Depression of 1929-1930. While Wall Street lost more than trillion dollars in value, thousands of Americans were left unemployed and the businesses, even the one who had more than 100 years of their presence in the United States, were filing for bankruptcy. On the other hand, Federal Reserve Bank, which once cited economic bubble as the natural event that cannot be prevented( courtesy the ideology ...

Introduction:

Foreign bank auxiliaries and full-benefit banks are the main two sorts of foreign bank foundations in Canada that accept savings and investments from Canadian citizens and entities. This paper will attempt a thorough review of the existing foreign banks in operation in Canada, obstacles to their progress, their relative market shares and the general future outlook. Foreign bank auxiliaries are fully registered banks in Canada that are wholly owned by foreign individuals and entities, who are not citizens of or based in Canada. Foreign banks have been allowed to operate in Canada since 1999, before that the Canadian banking ...

Discounted Cash Flow Model

Competitive Advantage
The term competitive advantage is a business concept that is related to advantages that a firm enjoys over its competitors, thus assisting it greater sales and higher profit margins. Hence, higher is the intensity and sustainability of the competitive advantage of a firm, more difficult will be for the competitors to neutralize the advantage. Some of the common types of competitive advantage are customer loyalty, cost structure, marketing cycle, brand value et cetera. Important to note, competitive advantage are of two types, comparative advantage and differential advantage. Comparative advantage deals with cost advantage with the company that allows it ...

U.S. Banking System 1791-1836
The First Bank of the United States was created in February 1791. The U.S. Congress chartered this bank for a period of twenty years to serve as a fiscal agent for the U.S. Treasury. The semi-private, semi-public national bank was a significant factor in the building of the U.S. economy in this period. This bank performed the first central bank functions for the U.S. government and ran from 1791 to 1811, when the U.S. Congress failed to renew its charter. This bank was important because the U.S. government had accumulated a debt to finance the Revolutionary War, and ...

Introduction and Causes of the Budget Deficit

The United States Budget Deficit has been in the news recently. This is because of the huge gap between revenues and expenditure that has resulted in a budget deficit of more than a Trillion Dollars each year. The situation was not so bad during the last decade when under President Clinton; the US actually ran a budget surplus. However, once President Bush took over, the budget surplus turned into a deficit mainly because the US was paying for the Iraq war that was very expensive and extended the tax cuts for the rich, which meant that the government went without the tax revenues. ...

Involuntary Liens fall under the law of Estates and Property. In the United States jurisdiction, Involuntary Liens fall under state law and the nature and character of the liens depends of the state. However, involuntary liens directly contrast the voluntary liens. Involuntary Liens refer to the charge that is imposed on the property of an owner without his express consent. In other words, Involuntary Liens accrue as a consequence of the law. The liens have the effect of imposing encumbrances and charges on the property in question to the detriment of the owner. The involuntary lien is special in the ...

Question One

National income accounts provide the framework summarizing and categorizing productive activities within a given time period. Simply put, it provides a criterion for measuring the flow of earnings of individuals through the process of producing goods and services. Since national income accounts are solely based on production, they are responsible for giving a reflection of the aggregate level of output. However, scholars and economic analysts have argued that National Income accounts have several limitations when it comes to measuring the overall level of welfare in the economy (Karl-Gustav, 2006).

First, National Income accounts ignore household production or near-market activities such as childcare, ...

Dense rainforests have been disappearing at an alarming rate as human beings penetrate deep into the forests, clearing them so as to make room for their own activities. About 8000 years ago, this planet was covered by approximately 14.8 billion acres of forest, but unfortunately, currently the Earth consists of only 8.6 billion acres of forest remaining due to the extensive human exploitation (Jean 33). The deforestation has led to serious impacts on the environment, and species have started becoming extinct.
The extent of rainforest deforestation across the globe and the main causes of this disturbing trend will ...