Freedom Term Papers Samples For Students

Numerous authors have instigated ideas related to freedom; however, nobody has done it better than Eric Foner. He is a renowned Columbian historian who portrays a different concept in the art of freedom in his book Voices of Freedom. Foner agrees that the freedom in America has a different definition from the world’s views. The use of freedom by the American community has always changed, and it has the best tool in the definition of their identity and history. There are authors claiming that the freedom is a tool used to discover oneself. However, Foner believes that the freedom can be used ...

What is the interaction between personal freedom and infringement of people’s liberty? Well, in order to understand this association, it is important to go back in time. Personal freedom is based on the maxim of liberty, and this was envisaged by early philosophers such as John Stuart Mill. The maxim of individual liberty envisions that individuals have the freedom of choice and make decisions without any restrictions. Most western democracies have taken measures to safeguard personal freedom as a fundamental right, and this has seen the protection of personal freedom by most constitutions in the world. Nevertheless, personal freedom ...

Introduction

Wide Sargasso Sea was written in 1966 novel by Dominica born renowned writer Jean Rhys. This post-colonial parallel novel has put the author in the limelight being her most successful novel. This novel is a premonition of charlottes Bronte’s novel of Jane Eyre 1847 novel. This is a revelation of a relationship that casts a patriarchal society in which she is neither a black nor a white European with her European white boyfriend. This is a sour and unhappy marriage, which makes her appear demonic or devilish woman. The novel shortly tries to analyze the main themes of racial inequality and harshness of displacement and ...

Section 1

As McGregor explains, the Chinese Communist Party (The Party) had gone to the extent where the citizens are not allowed to control their own lives. The party has created minimum freedom different from the Friedman argument of the maximum freedom. Therefore, McGregor reveals the essential difference between the maximum freedom and the minimum freedom using examples of the minimum freedom in china. The desire for the Chinese citizens to chase for their own self-interest is constrained by The Party. In order to demonstrate how the maximum freedom society differs from the minimum freedom society, McGregor provides example of the ...

How Did Religion Influence Early U.S. History
A value of knowing the origin of nations helps to understand their social orders and laws. America is the only nation in which the starting point of a great person has been vividly observed. This is so because the growth of nations bears some marks of their origin. The situations that followed their birth and contributed to their development affect the nation. On evaluating the elements of state and the oldest monuments of American history, one can discover the prejudices, the habits and the ruling, which constitute the national character. This explains ...

Term Paper of Introduction to International Relations Theory

This term paper is going to deal with the concept of globalization and inequality. The terms ‘globalization’ and ‘inequality’ are going to be well defined and their minor relation identified. After that, the relation of the two terms with capitalism in the liberation theory is going to be well examined.
Globalization as a concept in today’s world is very wide. Technology has made the world a global village whereby everybody can connect with each other no matter where they are (Haugen 33). Thus, it is of great importance to establish whether it promotes inequality in terms of age, sex, ...

The relationship between the revolution in France and Haiti

The Haitian Revolution resulted from a long fight on the fragment of the slaves in the French colony of St. Domingue, however was also driven by the free Mulattoes who had initially faced the prosecutions of being signified as semi-citizens. The revolution saw slavery to end and resulted to the establishment of the republic of Haiti. The colony of Saint-Domingue, geologically roughly the identical land mass that is currently Haiti was the lushest colony in the West Indies and perhaps the richest in the history of the globe. Driven by slave effort and enabled by rich soil and model climate, ...

Similar to the modern or industrial societies, the agrarian or traditional societies comprised of males and females who shared distinct interpersonal relationships guided by a wider array of factors. The most pertinent factor guides the interpersonal relationships between males and females are cultural beliefs. Worth noting is the fact that the modern or industrial society evolved from an agrarian society. Such evolution has led to various changes, which differentiate the traditional societies from the modern societies. Despite such differences, there exists some similarities between the two societies (Fisher & Nicholson, 2014). Freedom accorded to males and females occurs as one of ...

Introduction

Freedom of speech refers to the freedom to speak one’s mind without any censorship (Barendt 5). This freedom is part of the basic human rights. Freedom of speech signifies the existence of liberty in a free society. As a fundamental right, the freedom of speech is recognized by international rights law and throughout the world, there is enormous advocacy for this right to be effected across all sections of the society (Barendt 10). Unfortunately, freedom of speech is not usually absolute and in fact, many countries have placed limitations on it. Governments and authorities have enacted rules and policies that ...

The Harm principle propounded by John Stuart Mill is one of the highly recognized principles in the fields of philosophy and that of the libertarian politics. In this principle, Mill observes that individual actions should only be limited to protecting and preventing harm to other people. He articulated that the power can only be said to have been exercised rightfully over a civilized community, against their will if it is intended to prevent harms against those individual members (Ingram 134). John Stuart Mill appreciated that every individual was free to engage in any action and should not be prohibited in ...

Individual Rights

Individual Rights
Individual Rights vis-à-vis Social Order
Individual rights pertain to the liberties and freedoms embraced in the human rights of every person. These rights are validated, confirmed and guaranteed by the Bill of Rights and the Constitutional amendments. These rights include the freedom to practice (or not) religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of petition, right against self-incrimination, right against self-incrimination, right to due process, and other rights granted in criminal proceedings (US Constitution). In democracies, such as the United States, individual rights play a significant role in society. Social ...

Early in the book, a parrot repeats the phrase “Allez-vous-en! Allez-vous-en! Sapristi! That’s all right!”(Web). Both this parrot and a mockingbird, belonging to Madame Lebrun, set the stage for the introduction of Mr. Pontellier, the main character’s husband. The sound and vision imagery at this point are worthy of analysis. The parrot has literal confinement in a metal cage, but it also refers to the metaphorical confinement that is a part of the life of Edna Pontellier, trapped in place by the expectations of society. In spite of all of the luxuries that her husband places at her disposal, and ...

Revolution is often; if not always, bloody, and there cannot be a revolution without rebels. These rebels become the hero of their society. If the early American heroes such as George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and many others had not resisted the power of the British Crown, the American Revolution would have never come to past. These freedom fighters, in search of liberty and freedom, rebelled against a powerful government, though they were the underdog, they won. Not every rebel is a revolutionist, however, anyone who defies authority or convention is a rebel. In the article titled “The Hero in Spite of Himself”, Rosette ...

Liberty. Among the most widely putative theories of liberty is that there must be a single predominant formula under which all the comprehensible locutions about personal freedom and liberation. The pervasiveness of this notion largely influences Gerald MacCallum’s classic article, “Negative and Positive Freedom”. The author provides that the need for freedom of an individual is realized once an element of constraint is determined. These elements of constraints prevent individuals from becoming or becoming something. Liberation is a triadic relation between individuals, constraints, and ends. To ensure full liberty, the constraints to the “ends” should be completely inexistent. These insights ...

George Washington and the Polite Gentleman

Colonization started to take its course as from 1680 to 1750. The main form of immigration was internal-external mainly rising from Germany, Switzerland, Ireland and Africa. The states grew very fast with Pennsylvania being the best. In British America areas, the society was divided according to their main job characteristics. They included the farming society of the north, the planters of the south and the urban society of the seaboard commercial towns. In addition, some societies opted to base their love on material things.
The themes portrayed include the theme of population. The immigration process described clearly portrays ...

Organization

Liberalism is a political thinking whose ideology is founded on equality and liberty. Liberals are popular for their support of civil rights, press freedom, fair and free elections free trade as well as religious freedom and private property. Liberalism was not a divergent political movement until the 17th century with the endorsement of John Locke. On the other, hand, classical republicanism is a republicanism ideology which was developed in the Renaissance period. It is also known as civil humanism and is based on three main concepts. These are civic virtue, civil society and mixed government. One of the first philosophers to introduce ...

Abstract

This paper will reflect on the freedom on the speech on how it affects democracy. It will give a brief history of what freedom of speech is. It will also address how the freedom of speech contributes to society.

Main Body

Freedom of speech is a constitution right that protects to speak their mind and express their opinions through words spoken or word written. This contributes to democracy governance in countless ways and is critical. The freedom of speech gives an individual the ability to stand up.
If people or person does not like an event or an organization that is happening, ...

Briefly explain the four democratic concepts and/or principles you selected.

This paper gives an insight of two concepts of democracy and two principles of democracy. The two concepts that are explained include the necessity of compromise and the individual liberty. The concept of the necessity of compromise involves avoiding some activities with an aim to improve the welfare of the society. For instance, the North Korean government let down their atomic program for the perfection of society. The individual liberty on the other hand is the concept that provides an individual a condition of being free; an individual gains the power to speak or think or act without externally imposed ...

Psychology: Behaviourism and Free Will

I. Introduction: Behaviorism and Free Will
Behaviorism (or learning theory) focuses primarily on overt or observable and quantifiable behaviors and excludes subjective phenomenon such as motives, feelings, and so on. It explains the processes, principles and laws by which learning occurs. Many schools of thought under behaviorism include Pavlovian, also known as classical or respondent, conditioning.
Under the basic tenet of classical conditioning, individuals learn by means of associating neutral stimulus with a meaningful response. Another behaviorism is Skinnerian, a.k.a. operant or instrumental, conditioning. Operant conditioning is the process whereby learning takes place when an action is done ...

Within many organizations in America today, the wage and hour law for many employees is a source of infringement to the personal liberty of a selected group of employees. Many organizations have a policy to have a code of time for work from Monday to Friday with a level of overtime for many people. Often, the overtime is voluntary and depends on the willing ability of the employee. According to Hughes, democracy is an element of the majority and secludes the minority groups at every moment (Rights Online). In the case of this policy, the Monday to Friday rule infringes on the personal liberty ...

Liberty refers to the concept of free will. It introduces the principle of agency over one’s own actions and control. In that strain, liberty refers to the aspect of being free to act as one pleases without having to be accountable and responsible to another. In practical terms, absolute liberty is impossible for society imposes the fact one must enjoy his liberty only to the extent that it does not infringe on the liberty of others. In that strain, liberty can be seen as the rights attendant to one’s own person. Liberty can be categorized into two ...

I am going to interview Kindo Jones about his views about happiness and how he has or has not experienced happiness. Kindo is my college colleague and friend. Though we do not have tight relations with him, I know him fairly well as a Soccer fan and player. We used to go play together in childhood and his family and our family are well conversant with each other.

Interview with Kindo Jones

Question: Hello Kindo? Kindly explain what is happiness to you and in your own words?
Response: Hello. Happiness is a conditional state that depends on a number of factors such as health, emotional ...

It goes without question that for coexistence in any society, there is a need for certain values which should guide the conduct of individuals in that society. One of the core societal values is the freedom of religion with the right for everyone to practice his or her own faith. Freedom of religion can be defined as the right to exercise religious choices and options as one desires without being blamed or condemned for exercising such options. In other words, it refers to the right to self-determination with regards to religious matters. Freedom of religion goes hand in hand with ...

Analysis

The article ‘Voices of freedom was written to explain the history of the United States during the 18th century. The author of the article is Foner and the book was written in the year Foner Eric. The book uses information from debate of two Illinois contestants.

The article relates to a time when slavery was present in the United States. The blacks wanted their liberty and more other rights. Leaders of the two parties in the United States had different stands about the liberty of the slaves. In chapter 13 of the book, the author describes debates by Illinois governors ...

Role of the America citizen in democracy

This paper aims at examining the role of the American citizens in democracy. However, before the author explores what roles the American citizens play in ensuring that democracy prevails in the country, it is prudent that we look at what is democracy. Actually, democracy has myriad of meanings especially to the citizens of America. For instance, it may mean the natural rights, liberty and even the equality of dealing with people in the country. However, despite of this solemn definition of democracy, it has always been on record that at times it may be extremely difficult for the government ...

Eric Foner’s Voices of Freedom contains an excerpt from “Letter by a Swiss-German Immigrant to Pennsylvania,” which is a letter that was written by Johannes Hanner, a European immigrant, in “August 23, 1769” (Foner) after he had migrated to the Colony of Pennsylvania in the same year. He wrote this letter to his family who were living across the Atlantic. In this letter he explains why so many Europeans migrated to the New World to start a new life, leaving every behind. He writes about the freedom and opportunities that were not available back at home. He writes about people in the ...

Eric Foner’s ‘Voices of Freedom’ contains an excerpt from Bartolomé de las Casas’s History of the Indies, a book he had started writing in 1527 and was published a year later in 1528. Primarily, History of the Indies, as it title suggests, was a recollection of the history of the Indies from 1492, when Christopher Columbus first arrived in the New Land, until 1520, based upon everything Bartolomé witnessed himself. It can be assumed that Bartolomé’s book was directed to the Castilian Crown as well, to deliberately provoke the Europeans, and this is how the concept of the “Black ...

Introduction

As most of us are aware, the Declaration of Independence was the document written largely by Thomas Jefferson and formally announced by him on July 4 1776. It declared the intention of the colonists of North America to separate from England and English rule and to form a new government. Whilst it formed the basis of the beginnings of what was to become the United States of America, many question the sincerity of some of its content and in particular the part in its preamble that declared all men to be equal. Hagerman (4 July 2011) examined that issue. How ...

Introduction

The social consequences of slavery in both the colonial and antebellum America were profoundly immense. This essay reviews the nature and impact of slavery throughout the Colonial and Antebellum America in accordance with the information contained in the historical primary sources detailed in Eric Foner’s Voices of Freedom. The four primary sources reviewed in this essay include Colloquy with Colored Ministries, Mississippi Black Code, Sharecropping Contract and the Composite Nation. All the documents in Foner’s book are documents of considerable length containing words spoken or written by the American men and women enmeshed inside America’s dark ...

Duality and free will

Religions have long taught about the relationship between the body and soul. The Hinduism religion that is observed in a substantial part of Asia teaches that the soul and the body are two independent things. It is for this reason that they teach their followers about the immortality of the soul and the mortal nature of the human body. The religions, especially the ancient Asian religions teach that the soul of an individual will wander in space after the death of the body until it finds another human body. They further explain that the soul in a baby that has just ...

Aristotle was an ardent proponent of slavery. One thing that is worth noting is that the topic of slavery remains controversial both exponents and defenders of slavery fail to agree whether slavery is unjust or not. In contemporary times, slavery would be viewed as a breach to human rights which is well stipulated in the universal rights spelt out in international treaties and conventions. However, in the ancient times slavery was viewed by a reasonably large proportion of society as being just. This paper seeks to critically analyze aspect of slavery in politics.

First of all, Aristotle maintained that there are ...

When you stroll through that red-bricked part of Philadelphia that features Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell, the Franklin Mint, and the other historical sites where the Founding Fathers sat down and penned the Declaration of Independence, it is easy to wax eloquent about the nobility of the American experiment in democracy. After all, it was a ragtag group of revolutionaries who, upset about being told what to do by the government that had established the colonies where they lived, decided that they would stop paying taxes to that government and would instead declare their own independence. Rather than submit to ...

The Western constitutional philosophy is based on the concepts of free choice, free markets, and free enterprises. Yet early societies did not enjoy unlimited freedom since both nature and society impose constraints on minority societies. According to the social contract theory, the rational is to provide for the existence of society as the business increases the freedom of individuals. Freedom and its limits as a concept have traditionally played a significant role in the history of Western thought, drawing attention from thinkers such as Hobbes, Locke, Aristotle, Rousseau, and Rawls. American psychologist, Alexis DeTocqueville regarded personal freedom as the overriding value ...

Government is an institution that controls a state at a particular time. A state can be described as an organization, often political in nature that has a body with control and monopoly of legitimate force. States can be sovereign, federated or under the rule of an external sovereign state. A sovereign state is one, which has autonomy of poser and decisions within its own boundary. Federated states are those, which are part of a federal government while countries under foreign rule are those, which do not have the power to exercise autonomy. A system of government or regime type is the political institutions ...

Oliver Cromwell was born in 1599 in Huntingdon. Thomas Cromwell, a distant relative, had secured his family monastic lands. His grandfather used to entertain the King, as well as other prominent people. His father, however, inherited a little family fortune, but following increased debts, he sold his fortune and obtained a lease in St. Ives. In the year 1634, Cromwell attempted to migrate to America, but the government prevented him from leaving. He had already converted to Puritan faith because he did not enjoy the popish ceremonies. He longed for a time when gospel would be preached unadorned. He remained strong in his religion. ...

Economic Freedom & Free Health Care

Economic freedom is the situation where by the property of individuals that has been acquired legally is protected by government or the authorities from any kind of invasions by any individuals. The owners of this kind of property are free to utilize, exchange or give out their property so long as whatever they do does not infringe on the same rights that belong to other individuals. Economic freedom measures the extent to which the legally obtained property is protected and that citizens are involved in transactions that are voluntary. It helps in carrying out economic activities freely in harmony ...

Introduction

Peter Singer is a strong advocate of animal liberation or emancipation. He challenged the widely held notion that animals should be treated differently because human beings are more valuable or superior. He believed that all animals are equal and all the animal’s interests should be highly considered.

Animal Liberation: It is argued that human beings are rational, use language and are autonomous while animals are not. However, Singer argues that this is an invalid argument since not all human beings are rational, self-aware, have a language or are independent. Infants do not have a language while there are those adults who are ...

David Hume, one of the foremost philosophers of the 18th century, was a skeptic and empiricist whose outlook on free will is based heavily in the sciences and what is known. Hume, being a compatibilist, deals mainly with the concept of reconciling the freedom and emotional nature of humanity with the coldly rational perspective of determinism. According to Hume, human behavior is commanded primarily by desire, instead of reason - "reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions" (Hume, Treatise, p. 295). The concept of free will is summarized greatly through the differentiation between liberty and necessity; ...

Introduction

Republicanism refers to the theory of the people who believe to be governing a republic. It is an ideology that believes that the head of state must be elected and cannot just be hereditary come what may despite this common ideology, there are two types of republicanism, which come forth due to some divided opinion on the on what should come first between the political participation of the people and the protection of the citizens objections and aims. These two types of republicanism are the protective republicanism which sometimes is also called the instrumental republicanism and the developmental republicanism. The ...

The Impacts of the Haitian Revolution on Slavery in North and South America

The Haitian Revolution was a veritable revolution in the history of the world, dated back in the early 19th century. The revolution emerged out of conflicts of the revolutionary age and out of the tension that was building in the society of the wealthy French colony, established by the slave labor. The French revolution of the 1789 was also a key contributor to the rise of the Haitian Revolution. In tandem to this, the Haitian revolution was the first successful rebellion by slaves after 300 years of African Slavery in the Caribbean and America (Geggus & Fiering, 2009). This was facilitated by ...

Freedom is an important component of a society where political leaders, society members, intellectuals, and institutions come together to design and implement policies that focus on the need for mutual respect for each other’s freedom. Freedom and equality are therefore the best ways through which democracy of a nation is promoted such that both men and women become equal regarding liberty. In such cases, freedom and equality both co-exist in the way the former allows everyone to express their opinions or thoughts so long as they are not contrary to the law while equality ensures that everyone in ...

Introduction

The case of Boy Scouts of America (BSA) v. Dale was a controversial case decided in 2000. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the unanimous decision by the New Jersey Court and ruled that because the Boy Scouts association was a private organization it had constitutional tight to remove openly gay persons from leadership positions. The petitioners in this case were the BSA and their Monmouth Council. The organization was a private non-profit making whose work was to instill values in the youth. This organization emphasizes that homosexuality is not consistent with the values it aims at instilling. The respondent in this case ...

Shortly after the terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001, Congress passed the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act. As a result of real concerns over the security of the nation as well as more than a little mass hysteria over America’s vulnerability in the new age of global terror, the 342-page long USA PATRIOT Act, as it is popularly known, sailed through Congress a mere 45 days after the attacks with little debate or analysis but with broad bipartisan support. Indeed, in the Senate, the ...

The dispute of free will versus determinism always bothered humanity. There were numerous arguments posed be either side of the discussion, but there still seems to be no end to it. David Hume is one of the opponents of free will and in his Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, he explains the "doctrine of necessity" with which he makes his point in this debate. In this essay, I will explain Hume's argument and support it.
In his opposition to free will, Hume starts by jumping into the discussion and saying that the whole debate about free will was decided long ...

The United States campaign funding is depicted by various instances of unfair practices because the rich get leverage since they can convince the mass in their campaigns. It is essential to note that political campaigns always involve the use of significant resources. Some of the expenditures incurred in a political campaign include the renting of conference halls, transportation, paying the campaigners, printing, appearances, and even soft finances. It would rather seem impractical to expect that funding offered by the federal government would meet up all those costs (Hames, & Ekern, 297). State funding would also seem to favor a particular ...

The Patriot Act was passed after the 9/11 terrorist attacks to strengthen domestic security and increase the ability of the government to identify and stop terrorists. It has proved to be one of the most controversial laws in U.S. history (Doyle, 2001). It is comprised of ten titles which give federal law enforcement greater authority. Advocates claim that the Patriot Act is constitutional and instrumental in the war on terror. They cite a number of successful investigations and arrests of terrorists, and believe that law strikes an effective balance between civil rights and the ability of the government to protect ...

Camus’ “The Stranger” is brilliantly as it crafts Camus’s absurdist view of the world. The novel came out in 1942, and tells the story of Meursault’s , an emotionally detached, but amoral young man. Meursault does not believe in God. Camus shows the main character’s callous nature as he does not cry at his mother’s funeral and he kills a man he hardly knows. Due to his crime, the society sees Meursault as a threat to the society, and as such, he faced death. Nevertheless, he comes to understand the simple coldness of the world. He eventually finds ...

Conservative vs Liberal Ideology

America is considered by many as the “Land of the Free”, wherein any person could practice his belief, ideology and affiliation without the need to fear the government from forced intervention. Civil liberties and human rights matter most for the Americans, especially under its Constitution. However, there have been chances wherein ideologies became the cause of conflict inside the country, which could be seen in the country’s two leading political parties: the Democrats and the Republicans. Conservatives supports the growth of capitalism and retention of traditional laws to sustain the growth of the country, while the Liberals support ...

Successful planning, construction, and completion of a large scale project like the one undertaken for completing the One World Trade Center is not easy since it requires a strategic focus on the construction plans in a realistic manner. Project leaders need to give external reviewers an opportunity to have an outside view of the whole project and suggest ways that can ensure completion within the stipulated time while avoiding deviations from the initial budget. The delays experienced during the construction of the Freedom Tower create the impression of how ineffective functional operations can lead to major changes in designs ...

Introduction

The 18th century is one of the most significant years in the history of man especially with regard to slave trade and slavery. This is because in its last stages, the world experienced two of the most renowned and successful anti-colonial revolutions against slave trade both in Latin America as well as in the Caribbean. The first, which was the revolution against Latin American slavery culminated in 1783. Nine years later, the world witnessed a second Haitian revolution which commenced with massive insurrection of slaves in the region in 1791, culminating with the first of slavery abolitions in French ...

Fate versus free will is a common theme in Greek tragedies. In many cases a person who tries to avert their predestined fate will set the pieces in motion that will inevitably lead to that fate. Laius and Jocasta from Oedipus are examples of this. On the other hand, you have characters like Prometheus, and Zeus, who knowingly put their own fates into motion bur want to avoid the consequences. Finally, you have Agamemnon and Cassandra who are resigned to their fates.
In Prometheus Bound Zeus has ordered Hephaestus to bind the titan Prometheus to a rock as punishment ...

Propaganda is material in any form, whether it be print or a broadcast that is intended to persuade people to believe something. It is used to change the opinions of masses of people living in an area and is generally produced by the government or another high-ranking institution. Propaganda was a major source for motivation and sentiment during the Cold War. The rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union was everywhere during this time, from film and television to the radio and even in sporting events. Both the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in the use ...

<h2>Abstract</h2> <p>The paper will address the social conflict theory that was instigated by Karl Marx in the 18th century. The theory had been in place since then but has undergone various changes with the changes in the society. The paper will exploit the developmental journey of the theory and discuss what was added or subtracted from the original ideologies of the theory in modernity. Moreover, there will be an examination of how the theory came to be. For instance, Marx came up with the theory after witnessing first-hand the exploitation of the lower class. He developed the theory to explain <!--more-->the exploitation. Therefore, the paper will go into detail on such. It will also highlight the development of the Marx theory and incorporation of theories such as the feminist theories. It will examine how the social conflict theory was shapes in the modern age and the things that determine its ideals. Social theories have been backed up by empirical research, which must be addressed in this paper. The strengths and weaknesses of the identified research and those that associate with how the theory developed will also be discussed.</p> <h2>Introduction</h2> <p>Social conflict theory is a concept that argues that relationships in the society are imbalanced and exist as a way to exploit people. The theory notes that the social groups or classes that constitute the community have varying amounts of resources, leading to the classification of the poor and the rich. The theory is premised on Marxism, who preaches on the exploitation of the weak by those who are economically advantaged. Social evolution, which denotes the growth of the society and relationships in it, gave rise to social conflicts in which those relationships occur for exploitation purposes. The economically strong have achieved their status through the exploitive means because that is how they gain. An example is when an employer pays an employee less than they deserve because they want to keep a magnitude of the profits. The discussion will be about the historical foundations of the theory, its development, and empirical research done in the areas while highlighting the weaknesses and strengths in both.</p> <h2>Karl Marx Conflict Theory Essays</h2> <p>The social conflict theory has its origin, as stipulated above, in thinkers such as Karl Marx. Other scholars have refined the ideologies behind the theories over time, and include people such as Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes. Even so, Karl Marx is known as the father of the social conflict theory. It has its roots deep in the eighteenth century, when Marx noted the classification of the society into the ruling and working classes of individuals (Rossides, 1998). The two classes formed the society and were defined solely by financial well-being. Karl Marx, a German, noted the need for a revolution or reform in the society that existed in the eighteenth century. The reason is that the bourgeoisie were seen to exploit the proletariats, who mainly formed the bulk of the working class. At the time, there were many bids for the revolution of the German society where government was to be taken away from the ruling class that constituted of the wealthy. What the theorist noted is that the people had surrendered all their rights to the government that was run by the wealthy. As a result, it had all the power and controlled all the means of production. The ruling class was also in charge of the political and legal systems. In such a way, the working class was left at the mercy of the ruling class that deeply exploited it.<br /> What instigated the origin of the theory in the century was when Marx determined that the work that was done by the workers was what led to the growth of the society (Stolley, 2005). He, therefore, found it ironic that the same people that cause the society to be what it is should be exploited. The society that they create through their work establishes relationships that are materialistic in nature. The emergence and growth of society in history were divided into three parts. The parts, namely economic, political, and social structures were responsible for the formation of the society. These three aspects came about as a result of the formation of relationships in the society. In the 19th century, the theory was based on criticism of the capitalism that was witnessed in most of the countries. Capitalism was seen as a major contributing factor towards what shaped the social conflict theory. The nineteenth century was a rush by many societies to a acquire wealth. They embraced the aspect of capitalism that propelled the society into formation of classes. There was a need for people to work in the broad industrialization that has spread throughout Europe. In addition, the aspect of private ownership of land caused an exploitation of the people who did not own property. Those who were in an advantageous position controlled legal and political institutions. Socialism stopped playing any role in how wealth was distributed in the society. To maintain the way things were, the ruling class developed a legal framework that was not favorable to the working class. Those who owned the capital controlled the politics and laws that could be used to change things. After carefully analyzing the situation, Karl Marx developed the social conflict theory. He also noted that those who were in a higher economic position had the power, given through political institutions, to make the working class do as they wished. Because of such mistreatments, there were conflicts in the society that existed between the two social groups. The conflict developed in the 1920s to include the aspect of intellectual controls. It was observed that the ruling class controlled how people thought by imposing ideas on them. The intellectualism of society, therefore, was in conflict because human beings have the freedom to think, but the ruling class made decisions for them.<br /> The 1950s were a period when sociologists exploited the theory that Marx had come up with and refined it accordingly. The theory was developed from the rawness that was used by Marx into something that reflected the changes that had occurred at the time. Society is not a permanent entity and is exposed to radical changes in the social, economic, legal and political system. For instance, Max Webber introduced the emotional aspect of the theory. He stated that the theory did not just involve the struggle for dominance in social classes, but had other aspects as well. Such issues included the ruling class using religion to instigate a particular behavior on people and control their emotions. In this sense, the ruling class would have absolute control power over individuals. Even so, the nineteenth century saw a lot of revolutions from followers of Marxism in scope of the social conflict theory (Eagly, Baron, Hamilton & Kelman, 2004). The German and Russian revolutions are good examples. The revolutions sought to seek control of legal and political systems because that is when the lower class could be completely free.<br /> In the wake of the rights of women, social conflict theory developed in the 1960s to facilitate the issues of the discrimination of women (Martindale, 1960). The theory was then referred to as the feminist conflict theory. The feminists argued that women were oppressed by men, and a conflict existed between the two groups of people. It was no longer about the rich and poor only, but also about men and women. Men wanted to maintain the position that was traditionally seen as theirs while women wanted more freedom and opportunities in mainstream matters. Women believed men incapable of giving up power over them even though there had been notable changes in the rights of women. For instance, they were allowed to participate in the voting system, unlike what was the position before the Second World War. A few women had gone to school. However, women believed that their continuous discrimination in matters that were far more important was exploitation for the gain of men. Therefore, the period led to the development of the feminist conflict theory.<br /> In the wake of modernity, mainly in the 20th century, there has was an overhaul of the system that was seen in the 18th century (Sitton, 1996). The people are no longer divided into clear social classes. The social classes do exist because equality has not been attained in terms of wealth. There are those people who are rich and those who are poor. However, the lower class is not as exploited as was the case in the 18th centuries. Political institutions have become accommodative of the common man, and legal rules are made in the interest of the ordinary man. There has been the rise of labor unions that advocate the rights of workers. Even so, the social conflict theory is still applicable in some situations and varies in degree. There is a global and international conflict. The global entities that often exist control countries in what they should do or things in which they should engage. There have been arguments on the issue of sovereignty when it comes to forging of some rules. The conflict also relates to international economics where those countries that are not yet financially independent are controlled by those that have achieved financial freedom. States foster interactions between one another that are meant to give rise to good relationships. They lead to trade where those that have a higher bargaining power overlook the others that may not be very fortunate. Additionally, conflicts have existed in aspects of the interactions that exist in a modern society. The interactions are based on the individual will of the people as opposed to the collective. Class is still something that the individuals, who exercise the free will of their thoughts, exploit. There exists the conflict of individual freedoms and the collective responsibilities in the society. People do not participate in the things they are supposed to in the society because of their free will. They form interactions that are in the interest of their free will as opposed to what collective responsibility entails. Who they interact with, therefore, will be dependent upon what they want as individuals. In a way, social conflict is still active in the modern society, but has developed to incorporate the above. People have been given freedom through the laws that advocate the rights and liberties of the individual.<br /> Also, modernity brought the concept of deviance into the social conflict theory (Pankin, 1981). In this sense, it was witnessed that when it came to deviance and committal of crimes, the lower class was more associated with it as compared to the higher level in the society. The lower class is dealt with in a different way than the privileged. The scenario is applicable to both white and blue collar crimes. The punishment in the society is not the same with the different classes that apply it. Those who are economically stable, in addition, can be used to influence the hand of the law in any direction that they see fit. Money changes things in the way the legal rules are set forth, hence, brings a conflict. Social conflict theorists have argued that the law is left as a weapon as opposed to it being a shield</p> <h2>Strengths and weaknesses of the theoretical development</h2> <p>The theoretical evolution of the theory draws its strength from the fact that it uses the aspect of morality to justify itself. In all of its development, the social conflict theory had embraced the aspect of morality in its discussion. Hence, it has drawn the attention of many people because it preaches the immorality of exploitation. It preaches of the issues behind the immoral aspects of exploitation under pretentious habits by the advantageous groups. In doing so, it recognizes the fundamentals in which the society is made of and identifies with the plight of the minorities. It recognizes the injustice that was afforded to the people who could not change the laws or political atmosphere as society developed from the 18th century. The fact is that the theory is the only one that sought to exploit the injustices that occurred in the society. As it proceeded and developed more, the theory recognized the changes that the society had made towards a better governing and social system. It incorporates other factors that have affected the developed society. Because of such a comprehensive and factual representation of what happens in the society, it is a realistic representation of what needed to be changed. It involved the change in the traditional setup, and what was needed in the modern scenario.<br /> However, the theory heavily discounts humanitarianism acts that may aimed towards the goodness of the society (Eagly, 2004). It places any acts that are done by the advantageous group to people who are less fortunate as having an ulterior motive. In this theory, there is no day that the people who have influential positions will do things that substantially benefit the society as a whole (Izvercianu, 2009). The theory stipulates that the society is devoid of any goodness. In the modern aspect, when it comes to crime, the theory presents a situation where the laws completely fail to protect those from a lower class. The scenario may be a misrepresentation that is fuelled with unfounded discriminatory innuendo. The issue of discrimination is not new when it comes to crime committal and punishment. However, the law has evolved to protect criminals and they, too, get to be afforded a high amount of rights. At the same time, it could be notably true that the higher class in the society often escapes high degrees of punishment. However, it does not mean that the lower class is usually unfairly punished as a result. The laws have tried to foster a fair approach to the provision of justice through constitutional reviews.<br /> Empirical Research denotes the routine of acquiring new knowledge and skills not through construing, but through undeviating and unintended observation. That explains why the outcomes that are deduced from the empirical research would only be evaluated and considered through qualitative as well as quantitative approaches. In other words, it is a product that brings out outcomes through experimentation and observation resulting to sound understanding not forgetting to remark that the research results to s comprehensive case study. One of the major strengths of the methods denotes the integration of the research itself as well as the practice. Moreover, it does offer admiration to contextual differences something that enables the acquired knowledge to be built upon. Even though the method have the exceeding features, it is worth noting that the process would not be trustworthy in case the full cycle was not adhered to and they include observation, induction, deduction, testing, and finally evaluation. Any failure in any of the phases would result to unwanted outcomes that would lead to wrong observation.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>The social conflict theory has been an important element in the bid to solve the never-ending problems that exist in the society. The problems emanate from the legal, social, economic and political aspects since they are all related (Deutsch, 2000). Even with the presence of some weaknesses, the theory is still a good representation of those things that affect the society and need reform. Because of the social interactions that occur with different people in the society, conflicts are bound to exist.</p> <h2>References</h2> <p>Azar, E. (1990). The management of protracted social conflict: Theory and cases. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Dartmouth;.<br /> Ballantine, J. H., & Spade, J. Z. (2008). Schools and society: A sociological approach to education. Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press.<br /> Bartos, O., & Wehr, P. (2002). Using conflict theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br /> Brym, R. (2012, August 1). Collective and State Violence in the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: The Limits of Classical Rational-Choice Theory. Canadian Review of Sociology.<br /> Dahrendorf, R. (n.d.). Toward a theory of social conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 170-183.<br /> Deutsch, M. (2000). The handbook of conflict resolution theory and practice. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass.<br /> Eagly, A. (2004). The social psychology of group identity and social conflict: Theory, application, and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.<br /> Eagly, A. H., Baron, R. M., Hamilton, V. L., & Kelman, H. C. (2004). The social psychology of group identity and social conflict: Theory, application, and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.<br /> Explain all of the scientific advantages or disadvantages that Conflict/ Marxist theory has. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://essaytree.com/criminology/explain-all-of-the-scientific-advantages-or-disadvantages-that-conflict-marxist-theory-has/<br /> Hladki, J. (2002, September 22). Entangled Discursivity: Women's Social Relations in a Collaborative Filmmaking Process. (Research Articles/Rapports De Recherche). Resources for Feminist Research.<br /> Izvercianu, M. (2009, January 1). Conflict and strategy models in automotive competing markets.(Report). Annals of DAAAM & Proceedings.<br /> Martindale, D. (1960). The nature and types of sociological theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.<br /> Pankin, R. M. (1981). Social approaches to sport. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.<br /> Rossides, D. W. (1998). Social theory: Its origins, history, and contemporary relevance. Dix Hills, N.Y: General Hall.<br /> Savage, T. (2005, March 22). Applying Social Empowerment Strategies as Tools for Self-Advocacy in Counseling Lesbian and Gay Male Clients. Journal of Counseling and Development: JCD.<br /> Schellenberg, J. A. (1996). Conflict resolution: Theory, research, and practice. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.<br /> Schlee, G. (2004, March 1). Taking Sides and Constructing Identities: Reflections on Conflict Theory. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute.<br /> Sitton, J. (1996). Recent Marxian theory class formation and social conflict in contemporary capitalism. Albany: State University of New York Press.<br /> Social-Conflict Theory. (2009, September 29). Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://www.ehow.com/facts_5476453_socialconflict-theory.html<br /> Sociology political process theory articles Meltdata.com. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://www.meltdata.com/articles/sociology-political-process-theory.html<br /> Sociology/ Conflict Theory term paper 15995. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://www.customessaymeister.com/customessays/Sociology/15995.htm<br /> Stolley, K. S. (2005). The basics of sociology. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.<br /> Väyrynen, R., & International Social Science Council. (1991). New directions in conflict theory: Conflict resolution and conflict transformation. London: Sage Publications.<br /> Weiner, I. B. (2013). Handbook of psychology. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.<br /> Wendt, A. (1999). Social theory of international politics. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.</p> ...

Part 1. What is the something else that DeSoto argues is necessary for a capitalist economy to produce wealth? Choose and explain one example or counter example used by DeSoto to make his case.
Capitalism refers to an economic system that is based on the functionality of free market; open competition; profit maximization motive and the means of production are owned and produced by the private sector or by cooperatives that limit the government or state control of resources. In this social system, the capitalist class own most of the properties and are paid to produce the goods and ...

Human rights refer to the freedom and fundamental rights to which all individuals are at liberty. They comprise of political and civil rights. Examples of freedom and rights include freedom of expression, right to liberty and life, fairness before the bylaw; economic, social and cultural rights, as well as the right to take part in traditions, the right to work, the right to eat, and the right to get educated. Civil rights on the other hand ensure of individuals’ safety and physical integrity defense from prejudice on grounds such as mental or physical disability, race, gender, age, religion among ...

Animal Farm by George Orwell is a classic tale about power, corruption and control. During revolutions, people give the government power and it is bound to abuse that power. The book Animal Farm was banned, especially in Soviet Russia which had experimented with communism and the results of such experiments were a totalitarian state and limited human freedom. The Soviet Union had been built by individuals who adhered to the utopian socialist ideas of Marx and Engels. The animals in Animal Farm replaces Mr. Jones, who conducted his affairs on the farm under the assumption and belief that the ...

Throughout the second half the 1800’s England was the most powerful country on Earth, undergoing rapid industrialization and experiencing tremendous social change. At the time, the “women’s question” was a societal conversation about the nature, identity and role of woman in society (Norton Anthology). With a growing middle class, and increased literacy rates, novels and periodicals became a popular medium which was often used to investigate and debate the "women's question" since “the fate meted to characters could reflect opinions of their behavior”(Waller). During the Victorian era, a woman’s fate and lifestyle were largely determined by their perceived social, ...

INTRODUCTION

for India for a 31 year period starting from 1980-1981 up to 2010-2011 on six independent
variables: Gross Domestic Capital Formation, Net Domestic Savings, Exports, Employment,

Gross Enrolment Ratio and Imports.

MOTIVE
Macroeconomic theory suggests that aggregate demand depends on economy’s investment,
savings, exports and imports. We have gone off the beaten track and included two
unconventional variables- the employment in the public and organized private sector and the
gross enrolment ratio. Our objective behind this has been to show how the spread of
education sector and increased employment opportunities affect the annual growth rate of

GDP and to find out if it has had a significant impact on the economic growth of India in the

past few ...

Abstract

This paper aims at establishing communism in China and its effects on the government, economy, and lifestyle.
Introduction
In world history, communism is often associated with negative points. When communism is brought up, cruel regimes in the former Germany, U.S.S.R, and Yugoslavia and also current regimes in nations such as, North Korea, China and Cuba are time and again thought of depressingly. In addition to that, communism is associated with government control, limited personal freedoms, and a police state. Seemingly, all these curtail civil liberties. Ideally, some nations have tried communism and failed because of the methods they ...

Introduction

Sophocles’ play “Oedipus the King” and William Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” impose philosophical discussions about fate versus divine providence, supernatural and they both set examples of tragic heroes dealing with tragic events. Although they share common themes and motifs, there are both similarities and differences between the two plays, which will be further explored within the current paper.

Paragraphs

Similarities and Differences
Both Oedipus and Hamlet are sons of kings, they are young princes, who become men by facing the vicissitudes in their lives. In addition, they both face the deaths of their fathers, but at this point a dissimilarity appears: ...