Plants Term Papers Samples For Students

There exists about 300,000 plant species on earth, and every individual plant hosts one or more endophytes. However, it is just a few of these plants that have been researched relative to their endophytic biology. Hence, the chance for isolation of new, as well as, interesting endophytic bacteria in plants are important. Endophytic bacteria can be referred to as bacteria that can be isolated from tissues of a surface-disinfected plant or bacteria extracted from inside of a plant, which cause no visible negative effects to the plant. Almost every plant is populated by varied bacteria referred to as endophytes. Majority of ...

Introduction

The human species are claimed to have existed for hundreds of thousands of years. According to history, years ago people used to be nomadic pastoralist who moved from one place to another thus did not have a permanent home. A transition occurred, which caused the people to change their nomadic lifestyle where they used to hunt and gather fruits and began doing agriculture. This transition caused them to change and start staying in one place. The transition from the old ways of nomadic movement to the point where the people are actually staying in one place is what is described ...

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Introduction

Cannabis belongs to the genus of the flowering plants. Cannabis is one of the most studied plants in the history of biology that is why I selected this plant and studied various features of this plant.
There are three known species of cannabis (Ritsner, 2011); Cannabis sativa, Cannabis ruderalis, and Cannabis indica. Cannabis sativa is considered as the most studied species. These species are mostly found in the Central and South Asia. They are also known as marijuana, hemp, hashish, dagga, bhang, grass, and loco weed. Cannabis plant is of different heights, i.e. it can be 1-20 ...

Caffeine is a compound that has a molecular formula of C8H10N4O2 and is commonly known as methylxanthine [1]. The systemic name of caffeine is either 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione or 1,3,7-trimethyl xanthine. Other names that are used to refer to caffeine include mateine, theine, coffeine, and guaranine. It is a chiral molecule and has no stereoisomers. The caffeine compound has two groups of amide that predominantly exist as zwitterionic resonance structures. In these structures, the atoms of nitrogen and carbon are bonded through a double bond to one another making the two nitrogen atoms are basically planar. This results in a ...

Caffeine is the name that is used to commonly refer to the trimethylxanthine and has a molecular formula of C8H10N4O2 (Helmenstine, 2013). The compound has two major systematic name, which are 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine and 3, 7-dihydro-1, 3, 7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2, 6-Dione. Other common names that are used to refer to caffeine include guaranine, coffeine, mateine, theine, and methyltheobromine. The molecular structure for caffeine is as illustrated in Figure 1 below. Caffeine is usually produced by a number of plants that include guarana, coffee beans, cacao beans, and tea. It usually acts as a natural pesticide in plants where it kills or paralyzes insects ...

Abstract

Recently, attention has been diverted to clean, alternative and renewable technologies due to the depletion of petroleum resources and increase of the green house gases from the combustion of fuel resources. Fuel cell is the fore-runner of these technologies and has received immense impetus due to its relatively clean source of energy. Fuel-cells are devices that produce electrical energy from chemical transformation reactions. Electrodes are placed within an electrolyte medium that facilitates oxidation of fuel. In these electrochemical reactions, ions are generated that generate electricity. This electrical energy can be effectively harnessed to carry out a myriad of functions. Since ...

The development of solar energy is based on a use of solar radiation for generation energy. Solar energy is the kinetic energy of the radiation (mainly light) formed by reactions in the solar interior. As its stocks are almost inexhaustible (astronomers counted that the Sun will “burn” some more millions of years), solar energy belongs to a renewable source of energy. In natural ecosystems, only a small part of the solar energy is absorbed by chlorophyll that contains in the leaves of plants and is used for photosynthesis, namely for the formation of organic matter from carbon dioxide and ...

Introduction

There are environmental chemical processes which require light to react. These processes are called photochemical reactions. Photochemical reaction is commonly initiated due to the absorption of solar energy or light. When molecules absorb energy in the form of light, the atoms are converted in a transient excited state (Larson & Weber, 1994). This transition state or excited has completely different physical and chemical properties with the initial state of the molecule. The excited states also have more tendencies to react since they are considered stronger acids and stronger reductants that the initial state of the molecule. The excited state of ...

Travelling to another planet is referred to interplanetary spaceflight. The term is usually used when travelling to a planet within the same planetary system (Fisher 1). The human race has made tremendous strides in space exploration. Man has made it to the moon and back, which was a great achievement for science as well as the human race. Man may not have stepped onto another planet yet, but significant achievements have been made in interplanetary exploration. There have been explorations using probes that have flown by every planet in the solar system. The New Horizons recently flew by the ...

ABSTRACT

The environmental friendly activities have been given utmost importance in every field. Due to the environmental degradation, the new trend of “go green” has been formed among the people. The people are very persistent about sustainability. The architecture and civil engineering are one of the major fields where the sustainability has to be considered on priority basis. Architect Stefano Boeri has been translating his unique idea of sustainability through world’s first vertical forest building, Bosco Verticale. The objective of the present paper is to explore the safety, durability and the sustainability of the architecture. It these factors are ...

Causation of Climate Change

The world’s climate system is composed of five elements that include hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, cry sphere, and biosphere. It varies naturally with time and is dependent on the incoming and outgoing energy which determine the optimal balance of the earth’s energy. These determinants constitute factors that cause climate variation that result in either warmer or colder states. This result into a phenomenon referred to as climate change. This is a condition, in which, the earth experiences adjustments in its weather that occurs over a period. This essay provides a detailed analysis of the causes, characteristics, and the impacts of climate change ...

My two-year crop rotation plan will include seed corn and soybeans. Soybeans will be planted in the first year on a virgin land followed by seed corn in the second year. The inclusion of a leguminous crop, like soybeans, in crop rotation, improves the soil fertility as well as the structure (Mohler and Johnson, 2009). Legumes releases nitrogen to the soil, which will reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needed for the sweet corn in the following year (Griffin, Liebman, and Jemison, 2000). These crops will be planted in North Carolina.

Soybeans

The soybean cultivar to be planted is Envy, ...

E-waste or electronic waste refers to all forms of electrical and electronic equipments that have entered the waste stream. Electronic equipment could cover items such as televisions, mobile phones, computers, and other white goods such as fridges, dryers, and washing machines among others (Stephenson 67). Other household items that have an electronic connection such as toasters, kettles, and gas cookers among are considered electronic waste. When these equipments are no longer useful and are discarded, they are categorized as electronic waste. In case electronic waste is not properly managed, e-waste poses dangerous environmental and health effects to human beings. ...

Introduction

The electricity industry is facing numerous challenges today including environmental pollution, increased demand, and aging infrastructure. Environmental issues are the primary concern of the power generation industry and have necessitated the inclusion of renewable energy sources in the generation of electricity. Renewable portfolio standard has set forth new requirements in the industry obligating electricity generation companies to generate a certain percentage of generated electricity to come from renewable sources. However, rapid integration of new energy sources on the old transmission and distribution infrastructure will cause quality, security and reliability challenges on the electric power supply. The good thing is ...

The “war of the electric currents” refers to the rivalry for dominance between Nikola Tesla’s alternating current and Thomas Edison’s direct current in the late 19th century. In last few months of 1887, Tesla applied for and obtained patents for polyphase electrical systems that included generators, motors, transmission lines, and transformers. The patents caught the attention of industrialist George Westinghouse, who was also the inventor of railroad air brakes. Westinghouse bought the AC patents from Tesla in order to commercially generate and transmit AC power. About a decade earlier, Thomas Edison had developed a low voltage utility ...

Introduction

This term paper explores the issue of rising sea levels, the likely causes, and the effects the rise is having now and may have in the future on our planet. Specifically, the effects discussed include on the land, the world’s freshwater resources, the animal and plant life, and the human race. The paper also considers current and potential longer-term solutions needed to deal with the problem and its effects. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for dealing with rising sea levels, in order to minimize the effects discussed.

Identification of the Problems

Although there are differences of opinion regarding the primary cause(s) ...

Nuclear power also known as nuclear energy is created by nuclear fusion for purposes generating electricity and heat. Uranium is used as fuel by the nuclear power plant. This is because uranium is a highly effective energy source compared to gas or coal. Nuclear fusions, this is when the uranium is combined with the free neutrons releasing heat and breaking down into light elements. The uranium is intensely radioactive thus considered highly dangerous but when put in the nuclear power systems the radioactive is reduced thus becoming less dangerous. The nucleus power plant began in the early 20th century because ...

The paths of water through the hydrologic cycle

One of the most fundamental principles in hydrology and ecology is the hydrologic cycle. This cycle represents the process of water circulations from the oceans, atmosphere, land and back to the ocean. The energy driving the cycle is from the solar/sun and forces of gravity. The process is continuous, and is a global wide process ensuring that every water drop on earth is part of the system (Harper et al n.d).

At the beginning of the process, water from the seas, lakes, wetlands, rivers gain energy from the sun and get transferred to the atmosphere as vapor. The sun provides ...

Algae are a diverse group of organisms that are mainly autotrophs. Autotrophs are organisms that mainly produce complex organic compounds by using simple inorganic molecules and light or in other instances by chemical reactions. Algae can be broadly classified into two main groups which are unicellular or multicellular. Seaweeds form the largest and most complex marine type of algae (Olanrewaju, Wan Nik, & Kader, 2013). It should, however, be noted that algae can further be classified in many different ways. Below is an illustration of some of these classification representations.
Green algae are classified into the Plantae kingdom and are, ...

Managing Environmental Issues Simulation

Managing Environmental Issues Simulation
Colney and Pitts is a California based pharmaceutical company generating annual sales of $50 million. It is the chief producer in America of herbal remedies for prostate illnesses like prostate cancer, prostatitis, benign prostatic hypertrophy, incontinence, dysuria, polyuria and nycturia. The company has learned that the Pygeum or Prunus Africana can be found in Aberdares mountain ranges in eastern highlands of Kenya. With this information, the company wants to build a manufacturing plant near the mountain ranges.
It has been known that the Pygeum or Prunus Africana can be used as an alternative medicine for ...

Background of the Disaster

The Chernobyl disaster is one of the historical nuclear disasters that happened in April 26, 1986. It is referred as the world’s worst nuclear accident that moved the entire earth. The accident resulted to deaths of people both from the nuclear power plant at the time of the incident and also a number of people afterwards. Accordingly, one of the four nuclear reactors of the Chernobyl power stationed exploded due to operational defects, flawed reactor design and inadequate training of personnel (Chernobyl).
The nuclear power plan explosion instantly released radioactive materials into the atmosphere. This created a deep impact ...

Introduction

Pesticides are substances or a mixture of substances whose main aim is to destroy, repel, prevent or inhibit the action of any pest. A pest is any form of an insect, plant pathogens, weeds, birds, mollusks, nematodes (worms), and microbes that destroy human foods while in the field, during transportation or in stores. In addition, a pest can destroy other human properties apart from food or help spread harmful diseases. Pesticides are classified into five categories: a chemical substance, a biological agent, disinfectant, antimicrobial and a device. Since pesticides find use in both our homes and in farms, they have the potential of causing ...

Introduction

Nike company background
NIKE Inc. became a corporation in September 1969. The company engages in the design, development, marketing and selling of apparel, athletic footwear, accessories, equipment and services. The company fosters the culture of innovation by creating products/services and customer experiences aimed at meeting the demands of today’s athletes while focusing on solutions for future challenges. NIKE Inc. believes in putting their energy where there is the most impact. The most impact occurs on the finished products manufacturing part; hence, the company strives in raising the bar of performance in apparel, footwear, and equipment manufacturer (NIKE, 2016). ...

Abstract

The promising economy of Saudi Arabia and the rise of the region’s population have been major contributors to food wastage that continues to create major environmental concerns. Households, hotels, food markets, bakeries and groceries are the major contributors to food wastage which has necessitated appropriate interventions such as food recycling, use in energy production as well as educating the community to curb food wastage.

Food Recycling and Compositing

With the population at 29.4 million as in 2012 and prospects for population growth still high, there is a need for the establishment of food waste recycling sites across Saudi Arabia. Major concerns are ...

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing humans. Individual’s lifestyles have developed to such an extent in developed countries that people continue to drain the earth of fossil fuels used to sustain humans. The result is that global warming is happening as a result of natural but predominantly human activities that release carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Measuring the best forms of energy to counteract this depends on a number of technological, economic and societal variables. It also requires the efforts of government to use command and control along with economic incentives to the highest potential for each ...

Like any other multinational, Blackberry limited has extensively invested in various nations across the world. The headquarters of this company is located in the Waterloo, Ontario in Canada. Blackberry is also known as Research In Motion Limited (RIM). This essay seeks to examine the products, geographical penetration and the financial analysis of the RIM in relation to the overall management. In addition, the present and future prospects will be discussed.
As appoint of departure, RIM involves in the manufacture of various Blackberry attributed products. Blackberry refers to an array of wireless handheld gadgets, which include, the family of ...

Abstract

This report delineates the water quality and contamination of groundwater based on different water samples in three experiments. The water quality was monitored by adding laundry detergent, oil and vinegar in one experiment. The effectiveness of filtered water was evaluated in the second experiment by passing the contaminated water through filter layers containing sand, gravels and charcoal. The filtrate showed clear water compared to raw water. The third experiment was conducted to make a comparative analysis of water samples obtained from tap water with two types of bottled water samples. The samples obtained from Dasani and Fiji bottled showed good ...

Horizon milk is purely natural. A product pertaining to a class of chemical compounds only comprises of those existing in or derived from plants or animals. Its 20 years now and we are still growing strong and giving the Maryland people inherent strength. It is nutrition worthy to fashioning the nation building momentums and staying stronger and stronger. We offer 40 percent of fluid milk that is consumed in the entire United States of America. This is factual in the sense that we pride ourselves in the high quality of milk that is consumed by almost half of the American population.
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A reality that has been always considered a hoax by many as they believe global warming is because of the changing nature of the Universe and how the planet rotates. Global Warming is real because while it could be naturally influenced, the concentrations of the greenhouse effect emmissions causes the rays of the Sun to remain on earth, further influencing climate.
The dispute that rages over this issue is unresolved because “experts” have shown “proofs” (for and against) based on scientific data. Supporters of the non-existence of Global Warming, basically offer the arguments as that the climate has changed ...

“Leaders are not born, but made. Leadership qualities are forged in times of distress. It is quite easy to take a sip of coffee while sitting with feet up on the desk dictating theories to subordinates but quite difficult to lead when the business is on the verge to collapse” (Lee Iacocca).
Acquiring fame, money and power may be thrilling for others, but to Iacocca, all these outcomes did not matter much. To Iacocca, these outcomes were mortal that would vanish with time. Iacocca has always focused on leaving quality impression through his zeal and contributions. Making a difference in ...

Introduction

As a matter of fact, air pollution is one among the primary health menace in the urban environments of many countries – both developed and developing. The aspect of air pollution is associated with congestion of human beings, vehicles and factories of the power. Currently, the United Nations, in conjunction with various governments across the globe, is trying to protect the human race through reducing air pollution, with the greater purpose of saving the ozone layer – the protective natural cover that filters the dangerous ultraviolent rays of the sun. Currently, many cities have come up with policies to help curb the ...

Dense rainforests have been disappearing at an alarming rate as human beings penetrate deep into the forests, clearing them so as to make room for their own activities. About 8000 years ago, this planet was covered by approximately 14.8 billion acres of forest, but unfortunately, currently the Earth consists of only 8.6 billion acres of forest remaining due to the extensive human exploitation (Jean 33). The deforestation has led to serious impacts on the environment, and species have started becoming extinct.
The extent of rainforest deforestation across the globe and the main causes of this disturbing trend will ...

Abstract

The smart grid system makes use of digital information technology to transmit and distribute power. Hence, the operations of this system rely on the complex computer networks coupled with communication technologies that are available in the global information technology network domain. This is the leading cause of the vulnerabilities of the smart grid system.
This paper will focus on the vulnerabilities of the system that are evident in SCADA, substation security, communication networks and wireless networks security. While proponents of the system tout its ability to increase efficiency, it cannot be denied that the smart grid system is ...