Essays on Accounting Principles

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is an independent body which was formed with the intent to develop and improve the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (Financial, 2017). The financial accounting guidelines and reporting standards promulgated by this body are aimed at protecting the interest of the public, as per order by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The FASB has a role in protecting the public interest, thus it shares a collective mission with with the FAF and the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB). These agencies have a mission “to establish and improve financial accounting and ...

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Introduction

In 2000, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Qwest, Joseph Nacchio, was charged civil and criminal liabilities after it has been found that he violated the provisions of GAAP against fraud and insider trading. He was sentenced to six years in prison in 2007 and was slapped with a $19 Million fine and a forfeiture order for proven illegal stock sales transactions worth $52 Million. In this memo, the author discusses the different aspects of Qwest’s case, emphasizing the role of GAAP and the PCAOB.

The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) refers to a standard framework of ...

Procter & Gamble is a Multinational consumer goods company which was incorporated in 1905 in Ohio, United States. It manufactures several consumer products and offers around 65 different brands under several product categories such as “Beauty; Grooming; Health Care; Fabric & Home Care; and Baby, Feminine & Family Care” (The Procter & Gamble Company, 2016). The company sells its products in almost 200 countries and conducts on-the-ground operations in almost 100 countries.

Balance sheet

P&G follows generally accepted accounting principles applicable in the Unites States for presentation and preparation of its financial statements. Much like other publically traded companies, P&G also electronically files its annual, ...

Both managerial and financial accountings have entirely different users. For instance, financial accounting helps organizations to present their financial status to various stakeholders like board of directors, investors and financial institutions. Financial accounting also presents the monetary details of an organization for a specific period in the past and helps the audience to understand how the company has performed during the above period. On the other hand, managerial accounting helps managers to take day to day business decisions. In other words, managerial accounting has nothing to do with the past performance of a business organization, but with the current ...

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)

GAAP refer to accounting principles geared towards guiding firms in the preparation of financial statements through adherence to stipulated financial processes. GAAP incorporates authoritative standards, which are developed by numerous that facilitate the recording and reporting processes of financial accounting information (Barth et al., 2012: Kothari et al., 2010). The adoption of GAAP remains critical to firms as it promotes the efficiency of communicating financial information within the internal and external business environments. The process facilitates cross-examination and review of financial reporting among different companies in the market (Barth et al., 2012: Kothari et al., 2010). GAAP promotes the ...

Introduction

The invention and development of computers have changed many aspects of human society. Most of these changes were too revolutionary, that it is often hard to imagine a life without computers. This increasing reliance of the society towards computing technology is referred to by scholars as ‘internet of things’, a term they use to describe the interconnectedness of people and computing technologies (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013, p.1646). One of the most impacted professions in the advancement of computers is the accounting profession. In fact, computing and accounting are so related that they are often used interchangeably. For accountants, ...

Abstract

The paper will explore the business environment and the fraud scandals that prompted the need for more comprehensive and stringent regulations on financial disclosure by all public business entities operating on U.S. soil. The primary financial issues that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was meant to address will be addressed, with a specific focus on how to restore investor confidence by imposing more strict rules on companies in terms of recording investments, cash flows and periodic profit/loss statements . Through an analysis of the basic provisions of the Act with regards to assigning personal responsibilities on officers of the company, as well ...

Abstract 3

Auditors’ Responsibilities and Potential Liabilities 4 Types of Audit Reports and Underlying Reasons for Their Issuance 5 Unqualified Opinion 6 Qualified Opinion Report 7 Adverse Opinion Report 7 Disclaimer of Opinion Report 8

References 9

Abstract This research paper is dedicated to make an important discussion about the different types of reports issued by an external auditor to form an opinion or judgment about the reliability and accuracy of the financial records and statements of the audit client. Generally, auditors issue four types of auditor reports depending on specific situations. Also, different responsibilities of an external auditor are also highlighted while ...

Discussion Board

Discussion Board

Randy’s decision to omit both the assets and the pending payments is because he wants the company’s financial statement to look good when the creditors assess at the company’s financial records. If he acted ethically and put the assets without having paid for them the creditors would most likely decline to give the company the loan, due to the outstanding debt. In this regard, I think Randy’s decision was ill intended and was misleading to the company’s creditors (Hogan, Rezaee, Riley, & Velury, 2008). Explain the circumstances under which Randy’s decision would ...

Enron did not focus on actually supplying oil and gas, like a traditional company would. Instead, Enron oriented their efforts towards buying futures (investments predicting the future price of a commodity) in oil. The company also bought electricity from generators and sold it to consumers. One of the bold moves that the Company carried out was the signing of marketing agreement for a year, which was the first in the industry, with Calpine Corporation. According to the agreement, the natural gas daily prices would be linked with the electricity prices. Another example would be the signing of contract for ...

RESEARCH REPORT

INTRODUCTION The French accounting had a long way of establishment and development. More so as France was a country with many colonies throughout the whole world. Despite the fact that the metropolis did not really want to develop thee colonies, as only their resources interested the French government, the French accounting system still had an immense influence on the development of the accounting systems in these countries.

French accounting found its origins under the reign of Louis XIV. The first mention and example of an accounting attempt was undertaken when the French wrote an official document named “Ordonnance”. The ...

There is a considerable and sizeable population of small business in the US economy. Statistically speaking there are over 28 million small business that occurs with small business specifically indicating businesses with fewer than 500 employees. Over 22, million individuals are self-employed without any additional payrolls or having employed other persons. Of the working population, a considerable percentage of over 50% that translates to 120 million individuals work in the small business (US statistics and data, 2016). Small business on average have modest turnovers that attract income taxes on the cash generated. Business entities are relevant in the generation ...

In the current century, the accounting and finance field have witnessed increased efforts to converge accounting standards to globally accepted universal standards. The fact owes to the dire need of increasing comparability of the financial statements of different firms in the various countries. Undoubtedly, there exist key areas of departure in different accounting standards applied in different countries. Of more interest, is the difference that exists between the two dominant accounting systems used by various corporations around the globe. That is the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). It is, however, worth ...

The accounting profession utilizes Christian ethics that are fundamental in worldwide integration and the use of biblical concepts in direct relation to the accounting profession. Integration of the biblical ethical standards guides is similar to some accounting principles that are widely used for the completion of accounting tasks. Chartered accountants can derive morality from a Christian point of view that is guided by biblical research. The aim of this paper is to relate the concepts of management accounting in the accounting field to Christian ethics and the worldwide view. The Bible has numerous ethical annotations and quotes that were ...

The accounting profession utilizes Christian ethics that are fundamental in worldwide integration and the use of biblical concepts in direct relation to the accounting profession. Integration of the biblical ethical standards guides is similar to some accounting principles that are widely used for the completion of accounting tasks. Chartered accountants can derive morality from a Christian point of view that is guided by biblical research. The aim of this paper is to relate the concepts of management accounting in the accounting field to Christian ethics and the worldwide view. The Bible has numerous ethical annotations and quotes that were ...

In the accounting practice, the recognition of a deferred tax asset or liability takes into account the forecasted future effects of the tax associated with the short period differences. Under the current accounting principles, there is the differentiation of the deferred tax assets and liabilities into current and non-current amounts in the classified statement of financial position. The difference is based on how the particular assets or liabilities are classified for purposes of financial reporting. For those assets and liabilities for which there is no close association, the deferred tax is based on the anticipated date of reversal of ...

Q1. Accounting standards play a significant role in the financial statements preparation process. The main international standard-setting organization is the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) headquartered in London. It issues International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) which are used in more than 115 countries and is gaining acceptance in other states as well. These standards are also used on most foreign exchanges. Moreover, the IASB also issues framework for financial reporting and international financial reporting interpretations. Besides, the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) also plays a significant role in the international standard-setting process. It doesn’t develop accounting standards, ...

GAAP are the standards of accounting that are used in the US. They give way for the recording and reporting of financial information in an orderly manner. Companies that uses GAAP have always benefited from it since it eases the comparison of company financial statements burden. The GAAP helps in the healthcare sector in establishing wealth of an organization and the financial strength rating earning (Milgram, 353). Under the GAAP, the accrual accounting method of accounting is used by various businesses. It acts in allowing the companies to report that may be still outstanding. Business can display an acquisition ...

As requested, I have come up with an exclusive analysis on how Dylar Pharmaceutical Company (Dylar) should account for all research and development costs related to Achuin that also abides by the generally acceptable accounting principles. The company should highly comply with the principles in reporting of expenses and costs incurred via capitalization, or expensing of R&D costs are expensed. It is then clear that all expenditures incurred during a research and development process should be expensed, and all purchased intangibles with alternative future uses are capitalized. The expenses incurred during a research and development process should be expensed. ...