Essays on Aphasia

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Speech Therapy Options

INTRODUCTION Certain neurological or developmental weaknesses can result to difficulties in communication and social interaction skills. Fortunately, speech therapy has experienced relatively strong development in the last decade, which led to the development of various therapeutic approaches that had shown scientifically documented efficacies. Three articles are reviewed to provide a general appreciation for the scope of therapeutic resources available today, particularly approaches used in pathological conditions. Moreover, these articles are presented as valuable resources in any speech textbook that includes interventions for speech problems. One article came from WebMD.com, while the other two ...

Abstract

Long-term care is rendered to people with varying levels of functional deficit. Depending on the type of the disability and the status of the wellbeing of the long-term care user, the needs vary. Some long-term care users need minimal assistance while others need maximum assistance. Long-term care is meant to help people with functional deficits to live a comfortable life as much as possible. There are various levels of long-term care options that people should select according to their needs. They include among others; nursing home, home care, home health care, assisted living facility, and community-based care settings. Each ...

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Introduction of Mental Lexicon

Mental lexicon denotes a collection of words in the mind of any individual. According to linguists, it is a part of one’s grammar that encloses all the information linked to the words and morphemes including morphological, phonological, semantic, and syntactic (Dell et al., 1997). Psycholinguists have observed that words are stocked up with its phonological as well as orthographic shapes. Language impaired individuals have been a good source of information about lexicon through analyzing their speech errors including malapropisms, paraphasias, and lexical decision tasks (Sripada, 2008). ...

Introduction

Aphasia is a disorder that attacks the sensory system. The person is unable to use the oral, written, auditory comprehension adequately. The interpretation of objects, sounds and feeling is impaired. It is highly associated with diseases such as stroke which leads to paralysis of the brain and nervous system in general. It can also be caused by tumors or cancers that affect the brain as well as any vascular problems affecting the circulation supplying the brain tissues. The problem does not affect the intelligence of the person, but rather their synthesis and interpretation of the same information.

Are all types of speech difficulties aphasia?

All speech ...

Chiari malformation is a disease of central nervous system, which affects the position of the cerebellar tonsils. It was named after the Austrian scientist Hans Chiari, who described this condition in the 1891 (Schijman, 2004). The pathoanatomic basis of this disorder is the inferior position of the cerebellum and brainstem comparatively to the anatomic standard. In a healthy person, cerebellar tonsils are located above the foramen magnum in the postcranial fossa. Due to this disorder, they are dislocated to the level of the first or second vertebra. Normally cerebrospinal fluid is constantly circulating through the cavities in the brain. ...

A Speech and Language therapy

Shewan, C. M., & Kertesz, A. (2014). Effects of speech and language treatment on recovery from aphasia. Brain and language, 23(2), 272-299. According to this article, speech and language therapy is classified as one of the best treatment procedures for people with Aphasia. The major aim of this therapy is to help a person communicate at their best of ability (Shewan & Kertesz, 2014, p.275). The SLT helps restore as much of a person’s speech as possible at the same time finding alternative ways to communicate. This type of therapy is effective when started at earlier stages. The process ...

Language psychology is a unit that involves the study of the processes in development of words and expressions used in making a speech. This sub-discipline can be categorized into cognitive psychology and neuroscience of the human brain. It explains the relationship and interactions that exist between memory and language formation by an individual. This is significant for a person in communicating and conversing with others. Information is stored and retrieved from the memory element, which is vital in understanding what has been said and what is useful in a discussion. The adaptation of an efficient language to pass information is a process that an ...

- The reading was very informative due to a few reasons. First, the reading tried to expose the connection between the human brain and the spoken language. It showed that content words in a language are stored in different compartments where they are processed. Different neural mechanisms are also involved in the processing. Second, the reading showed numerous research findings stating that the language is entailed in the left part of the brain. Third, the reading also emphasized that it is through human brain that people acquire knowledge and wisdom, so people should devote more time in understanding it so that ...

Introduction

Cerebrovascular accident refers to stroke in which the blood flow to the brain is interrupted due to a rupture of an artery to the brain or blockage, resulting in oxygen deprivation and consequent death of brain cells. Our brain needs a steady oxygen supply to have blood pumped throughout the body effectively. The blood flowing through the arteries to the brain carries the oxygen. In the case of a cerebrovascular accident, one or few of these arteries get ruptured or blocked, thereby interrupting the flow of the oxygen-rich blood to the oxygen. Within 60-90 seconds of oxygen deprivation, the brain cells in ...

Complete Name of the Professor

The Brain-Damaged and the Emergence of Truth The President’s Speech graces with a comical paradox of how truth exists among people with disabilities in speech and understanding. It describes the odd perceptions of aphasiacs and people suffering from agnosia on words and how they create an alternative framework through which they make sense of every word that they hear. It is the acceptance of human’s susceptibility to words that consider brain-damaged people seemingly nearer to truth than normal ones. In the case of the President’s Speech, it is the pure and uninfluenced reception of either physical ...

Introduction

Language acquisition denotes the procedure by which humans gain the ability to recognize and understand language, along with the ability to create and make use of words and sentences for the purpose of communication. Language acquisition is considered to be one of the exemplary human qualities, Philosophers in early societies were concerned in how humans gained the ability to comprehend and create language well ahead of experimental methods for trying those theories that were developed. However, for the major part they seemed to consider language acquisition as a division of man's ability to gain information and become skilled at ...

Discuss the relationship between the cognitive and the biological features of Alzheimer's disease

In order to know the relationship between the cognitive and the biological features of Alzheimer’s disease, it is very important to know the definition of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer is defined as the developed form of dementia that usually begins at the age of 40 years onwards. It usually begins when a person has problems speaking and remembering things and eventually the patients becomes very helpless and dies (Jon et al., 2013). According to its history, in 1906 the first person to talk about this disease was Alois Alzheimer. Following his discovery, the disease was later named after him ( ...

The human brain consists of two halves, the right and left hemispheres (Kennison, 2013). Also known as the logical brain, the left hemisphere regulates language and analysis. On the other hand, the right hemisphere, otherwise known as the creative brain, regulates imagination and daydreaming (Kennison, 2013). Researchers in the early nineteenth century discovered that an injury on the left hemisphere caused the loss of language and speech abilities (Kennison, 2013). Conversely, injuries on the right hemisphere did not cause the loss of language and speech abilities. Further studies have supported the hypothesis that language and speech abilities are ...

Discussing the Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, and Prognosis through Modern Medicine

INTRODUCTION In the modern world we have clear knowledge of so many of the diseases, disorders, conditions that can negatively affect our lives at the day-to-day and long-term levels. When it comes to the brain, the center of our mind and control center of the entire body, it becomes all the more serious. Some of these conditions and disorders have serious neurological effects like Alzheimer’s in the aging and elderly. While many neurological disorders are easily diagnosed or have a slow progression allowing the patient to prepare for future problems, some can appear almost instantaneously (Indiana University of ...

Abstract

This article offers an insight into the study of neurolinguistics as a subject of neurology. It also offers a theory of language that is developmental in nature and an insight into the neural systems that lead to linguistic capabilities. Language develops in four stages, as suggested by early perceptual experience. These four phases take place in an independent and fixed sequence. A different ontogenetic function is arrived at in every phase of language. The functions in question have neural systems, proprietary in kind, that differs in their respective degree of specialization. Under evaluation is an analytical mechanism largely responsible for ...

Chapter 12

- One of the features of the text is the bonding and connection between the texts and this feature is exclusively known as Cohesion. It is easy to create a cohesive text and connect sentences but it can be difficult to understand such text. Coherence is a feature that exists in people, and a person’s understanding of the text that is linked to their experiences is called Coherence. - During a conversation, speakers wait for the other person to complete the speech. After completing the speech the speakers mark the completion points in the following ways, by indulging others with a question ...

Treating apraxia of speech (AOS) with EMA-supplied visual augmented

Feedback History of Problem In 1999, Katz et al. explored EMA as a means of remediating fricative articulation deficits. They conducted this experiment on a 63-year-old woman with Broca’s aphasia and moderate-to-severe AOS. For 1-month she was provided with: EMA visual feedback for tongue tip position during fricative production and foil treatment in which a computer program delivered voicing-contrast stimuli for simple repetition. There was improvement from the visually guided feedback. The phonetic contrast treated in the foil condition showed only slight improvement, with a return to baseline 10 weeks later. A number of studies have shown that facilitatory effects ...

This is a quantitative study using descriptive statistics on principals’ perceptions of the role of speech pathologists in elementary schools. The project will involve interviews with principals from traditional public schools. The researcher will transcribe the interviews and use descriptive statistics to look for common strands in the principals’ perceptions. The study will be organized around a description of the speech pathologist’s role, personal attributes needed for the job of the principal and the speech language pathologist, and support given to principals by the special education department.

Background

A study by Sanger, Hux, and Griess in 1995 examined educators’ opinions of ...

Nursing Older People: Dementia

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) defines dementia as (1) a syndrome that is caused by a chronic or progressive disease of the brain, that (2) causes multiple disturbances of higher cortical functions, and (3) is characterized by impairment in memory without impairment in consciousness. Dementia affects all areas of the brain and can occur at any age but is more common in people over 65 years of age, affecting 20% of those aged over 80 (Gulland, 2012). A clinical diagnosis of dementia is made when a patient develops cognitive impairment severe enough to ...

Introduction

This is a form of aphasia which usually results from destruction of the anterior part of the brain. This area of the brain is the dominant part of the brain as regards to language development/activities. The condition was discovered by Carl Wernicke in 1974 and the condition usually occurs in an area tagged no 22 region/Wernicke’s area. Wernicke’s aphasia can be defined as a language disorder that impaired comprehension and meaningful language production. The affected individual usually has the problem with understanding spoken language. The related neuroanatomy is that of posterior and superior temporal gyrus, planum temporale and lower ...