Essays on Archaeology

Heritage management is the practice of controlling, and taking measures to preserve the rich cultural heritage of a place or a society. Archeological investigation on their side digs deep into the cultures embedded in past human activity through recovery and comprehensive analysis of materials related to a certain culture such as architecture, and cultural landscapes. Japan and Korea like the rest of the world have their cultural heritage, which needs nurturing and preservation. The paper aims at discussing cultural heritage management in both Korea and Japan deriving and expounding on the similarities between them. One feature that comes out ...

Archaeology is the study of both ancient and recent past of human beings through material remains. Archaeology gives us a unique perspective on the culture and the history of human beings which helps us understand both the ancient and the recent past of a certain group of people greatly. This study helps us understand where, when, why and how people lived on this planet. It also examines the different kinds of changes that human culture has undergone over time, and tries to seek an explanation for the changes. In this paper, we will be discussing the archaeology of both ...

Question 1

The article focuses on the new archaeological findings which show that life in America could have started earlier than the time it is said to have started. The evidence of the charcoal collected from the two fire pits near the bottom layer of the soil and top rock, confirms the thought. It is however difficult to convince most of the people especially those that have been in the field of archaeology that it is true.

Question 2

The article does not tell the science behind the years they say life began in America. The lack of scientific proof is the reason ...

Define Activities:

The primary activity is to develop the longest road tunnel in Australia. The tunnel will be 9km long, and reach from the northern exchange, near North Wahroonga, to the southern exchange, near Northmead. This will include the creation of not only the tunnel itself, but also tunnels for onramps and off ramps, as well as additional earthwork, the widening of brides, creation of drainage infrastructure, new pavement and the replacement of signage to indicate the tunnel, once open. The purpose of this construction is to create an alternate route for trucking traffic, to remove roughly 5,000 trucks from ...

Human beings are unique in their quest to understand the origin of life, and the urge rationalize nature and the world that surrounds them. We have developed various disciplines to better understand the natural world around us (Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology) and ourselves (Psychology, Physiology etc.). Anthropology is a discipline that tries to understand what it means to be human by looking at biological, evolutionary, cultural, and linguistic aspects. The word “Anthropology” is derived from Greek “Anthropos” meaning human and “Logos” meaning word(Lewis, Jurmain, & Kilgore, 2012). There are four major subfields of anthropology viz., biological, archeological, linguistic and ...

For efficiency purposes, including the availability of information, the Late Prehistoric Period [AD 1000-1600] will be the focus of this paper. With a particular interest in the Fort Ancient culture, the technological and socio-economic norms that the people observed will come into play in determining the typical winter survival tactics. From possible storage of food crops to the disbandment of villages into “winter camps,” the cold season called for the Fort Ancient peoples’ innovativeness if they were to survive (Late Prehistoric Period, 2013). Case in point the archaeological discoveries that found evidence that suggests hunting, gathering, and farming as ...

(Students’ Name) Numerous theories have tried to explain how the ancient Egyptians built the Giza Pyramids. Most of these theories revolve around the use of sophisticated human developed building techniques that have been traced back to the Egyptian culture by the archaeologists. The first theory is characterized by the belief by most archaeologists that these ancient inhabitants of Egypt had developed ramps that were strong enough to ensure mobility of the building materials and the human resource. The theory was conceived by Engelbach in his architectural research in 1930. According to (Clarke and Engelbach, 1930), the most common one ...

Surviving winter in the Late Woodland period in Ohio was a daunting task. The period is dated between AD 450 – AD 1000, time of great innovation evidenced by the creation of the bow and arrow (Lepper, 2005). Also, trade was abandoned as well the construction of large burial mounds. I am going to highlight some of the cultural practices and tools which played a key role in ensuring that safety was guaranteed in the harsh weather. Keen insight into the technology, economy and basic human biology will be offered in an effort to show their application in the era. ...

Introduction

In the 1996 movie entitled, The Craft, it portrays four troubled high school women who holds the power to control their own realities and the people around them by the practice of black magic. Each woman is having some negative issue within their own life, including low self-esteem, trouble fitting in with other classmates, lack of family dynamics and poor relationships. These problems temporarily go away when the teenagers all come together to call the four corners of East, West, South and North to their deity that will grant them unlimited power and control. Although the magic ritual worked ...

Introduction

One of the largest areas of the world where pastoral nomadism and irrigating agriculture had been predominant throughout the history is Central Asia. There existed a set of aspects of geography and ecology of Central Asia that influenced the emergence of pastoral nomadism and irrigation agriculture in that territory. In this paper we will attempt to explore some of the causes and effects of pastoral nomadism and irrigating agriculture in Central Asia, taking into consideration its ecological and historic settings.

Ecological reasons

First of all, let’s speak about some of ecological reasons of the appearance of pastoral nomadism and irrigating ...

Introduction

Digital archiving and preservation ensures that digital content remains in a format that is usable and accessible both in the present period and in the future. In the context of an organization, digital preservation is a process that involves planning, resourcing, and actual archiving using relevant technologies and applications. In the case of an institutional repository as this university, it is necessary to have policies and regulations that would guide the digital archiving and preservation program. Such policies would serve as a guide for the program while setting out its objectives. It is therefore necessary to have an evaluation ...

I have read some lessons about basic Biblical Egyptology. It suggests that Moses was a legendary hero created by the Hebrews. It introduces basic information about the Pharaohs of Egypt and the course focused on the 12th, 17th – 19th dynasties. The text introduces short information about dynasties, suggests to pass the test to reveal knowledge. The main problem is that this information lacks details, it provides too short insight into dynasties and it is not enough to understand the topic. I believe that this lesson aim to provoke an interest in history and research additional information, but it doesn’ ...

In geospatial technologies, usability engineering is used to deliberate on the patterns within data sets while also proposing possible hypothesis through which such patterns came to exist. Usability engineering is in itself an analytical tool for studying complex geographical data with the aim of understanding the reasons behind the existence of specific geographical systems. Usability engineering is largely concerned with the application of computer systems with the aim of enhancing the analysis of complex geospatial datasets. It also seeks to improve the human-computer interactive platforms to ensure that the reliability of the decoded information and simulate possible situations that ...

It happened on a of the sultry August day in 79th year AD. Life in the city was going according to a normal rhythm. No one could imagine that something was about to break this summer leisure. However, soon enough a terrifying roar broke the bird singing and people saw a column of dust, fire, smoke and ash ascending over the Vesuvius. The eruption lasted around 3 days and took lives of about 2000 people, out of 20000 that initially inhabited Pompeii. This occurred due to suffocation by gas, and not because of the lava that spilled or tons ...

Q1: Comparison of Ancient Greek and Egyptian Architectural Designs

There are great similarities in the ancient architectural designs of pyramids in the Egyptians Old Kingdom and the Greek temples of Acropolis that were constructed within the age of the Pericles. The ancient Egyptian and Greek Civilizations are home to some of the oldest architectural structures and designs in history* . However, the evolution of architectural designs in these two civilizations has had different and similar aspects, and is also thought to have taken place within the periods of 1150 BC to 146 BC. In addition, the two civilizations existed in different geographical conditions, implying that the architects in these ...

I. Introduction The cultivation and use of Marijuana dates back to ancient times when man cultivated this cannabis plant for its medicinal benefits. Archaeological research revealed Cannabis-based textiles which has been around 7,000 BC have been found in the northern part of China. Scientific testing leads to the conclusion that the most probably, the “ancient culture cultivated cannabis for pharmaceutical, psychoactive, and divinatory purposes” (Armentano, 2). In the present-day, the medicinal value of marijuana has been recognized by many medical practitioners; for instance, this plant has been proven as an effective way to alleviate some symptoms associated with ...

An Assignment Submitted by

Although the United States of America became an independent country not so long ago there was a long history that preceded the mentioned event that happened in 1776. In this paper the history of the pre-independent USA will be explored. It is believed that the indigenous people have been coming to America from Asia for thousands of years in the gap between 15 and 50 thousand years ago, when the modern Bering Strait did not yet exist and the two continents were connected with land. Reliable evidence of their presence in the United States was received throughF the findings ...

Architecture of Madain Salih

One of the mysteries in the historical science of our time is the origin of the monuments Hegre in Saudi Arabia. In the historical literature, it is assumed that this city was built by the Nabataeans - the people, the basis of the life of which was to ensure the caravan trade. These people, who lived here from the III century BC to the I century BC, carved facades of tombs, built many kilometers of waterways in the rocks to collect rainwater and left behind a lot of mysteries about their religion and language (Khairy, 167). Madain Salih (Hegra, ...

The Fate of Greenland's Vikings by Dale Mackenzie Brown.

In 1721, Hans Egede, a Norwegian missionary discovered that the Norse were no longer inhabiting the two settlements that they had established around 1000 A.D. Since then there has been many debates on the cause of their disappearance and decline. For long, the theories about their disappearance centered around the oral traditions of the Inuits. The Inuit tradition held that the demise of the Norse was due to the contact between the Inuit and the Norse which was often aggressive (Seaver 1996, 119). In recent years however, owing to expanding archaeological findings and other limited documentary evidence there have ...

The Mask of Agamemnon

There are a lot of artworks that will always contain some secret concerning its true origin and authenticity. One of such sculptures is definitely the case with the Mask of Agamemnon. This artifact from the Greek Bronze Age was discovered by distinguished German archaeologist, Heinrich Schliemann, in Mycenae dated 1876. After the stunning discovery of the real location of the legendary Troy, Schliemann was next planning to find the final resting place of Agamemnon, the famous king of ancient Mycenae who headed the Greek troops during the Trojan War. All his grand triumphs and tribulations are eulogized in Homer’ ...

Abstract

The ethical and technical importance of effective, efficiently performed forensic crime scene investigation combines the use of creative thinking, with well-planned assessments and collection of evidence. When law enforcement participants function together as a team, in the engagement of utilizing standardized procedures in the collection and recovery of evidence, whether on ground-surface or burial excavations, precision and integrity may be maintained as foundational to the process. Preservation using photographic, videotaping, and handwritten documentation during each step of the crime scene investigation process, provides a basis of accuracy in reporting outcomes and greatly aids in an unambiguous identification of party – ...

Brian Bauer and Alan Covey evaluate the social transformations that resulted in the State formation of Peru during the Late Intermediate Period. The authors consider the ethnohistoric and archaeological records that provide the anthropological and civilization processes of different Inca rulers (Bauer and Covey, 847). They argue that the rapid expansion of the authority of the Inca was made possible through the non-isolated civilization as well as long-term procedures of regional consolidation and state formation. This essay assesses the arguments provided by Bauer and Covey in Processes of State Formation in the Inca Heartland (Cuzco, Peru). Based on the ...

Greek Religion: Journal Article Critique

General Introduction to Topic Religion was an essential part of the Ancient Greek society, and one can see its importance through extant historical texts and Greek myths about Heracles, Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Titans, et al. and through their use in modern mass culture. However, despite the visual familiarity, it is often difficult to understand Ancient Greek religion, as it is far from the modern religious understandings. According to Burkert, “Seemingly natural and yet atavistically estranged, refined and barbaric at the same time, it has been taken as a guide again and again in the search for the origin of ...

Abstract

Jade has been an important part of Chinese culture since Ancient times, when it was used to make various weapons and tools. The reason for this is because it is believed to have positive powers. Some of the attributes attributed to jade are purity, gentlemanliness, the ability to send one’s soul on a positive journey and to prevent misfortune from befalling a person. This is why jade was used in burial rituals, sacrifices and other religious ceremonies. Nevertheless, despite the importance of jade to the Chinese culture for many centuries only the very wealthy were permitted to own ...

Ningbo’s newly completed Central Business District (CBD) belies its status as one of China’s oldest cities. The austere downtown landscape is the equivalent of architecture’s white-washed wall: a place of erasure, forgetting, and dubious progress. With the completion of Wang Shu’s Ningbo Museum in 2008, however, the Ningbo of the present is confronted by the forgotten landscape of its not too distant past. A craggy mountain of a building inspired by the region’s natural topographical features as well its unique crafts and architectural traditions, the Ningbo Museum is not simply an obligatory nod to ...

Anthropology is the study of humankind throughout history. There are currently four subfields of anthropology (1) cultural anthropology which is the study of human behavior and cultural patterns within a society (2) physical anthropology is the study of humans as biological specimen (3) linguistics refers to the study of human language and how it has evolved throughout history. This includes the grammar and syntax used, and the relationship between culture and language (4) archaeology is the study of materials such animal and human remains, artifacts, and plants. This paper will be looking at Archaeology. Archaeology looks at materials found ...

Introduction 2

The Discovery of Shang Dynasty Bronze Vessels 3 The Shang Dynasty 4 The Bronze Age 6 Conclusion 7

Works Cited 9

The Beauty of Shang Bronze Vessels Introduction The Chinese culture has been identified as one of the oldest and most complex of its kind to have ever existed on planet Earth. The fact that the Chinese, despite intermingling with other cultures throughout history, have maintained a unique writing style provides an insight into this complexity. However, the Chinese are also famed for their culture, which is unique in many ways. One of the cultural practices that the Chinese have maintained over ...

Abrigo do Lagar Velho is a rock-shelter in the Portuguese valley that is famous for the stratigraphic range of the Upper Paleolithic human occupations within that area.

Absolute dating technique (chronometric dating) refers to the process of revealing the age on a certain time scale.

Acclimatization is the response of an organism to a gradual change in environmental conditions by adjusting and sustaining within these changes. Acheulian (Acheulean) is a tool made of stone that had round cutting edges and was used during the Lower Palaeolithic era.

Adolescent growth spurt refers to the sharp growth in height and weight rates t during adolescence.

Aegyptopithecus refers to the extinct primate of the Oligocene Period, resembling a modern-day lemur, whose fossils were found in Egypt. Afar Triangle is the region that is part of the ...

17 Month Year

The Technical Approach to Art History

The art historian, Henri Focillon made a statement concerning the reason for having technical knowledge to establish the place in history for objects and other art works. In his discussions, he asserted that the reason for this is that it assists with the control of ones own objectivity. This would lead to a universal “observation of technical phenomena” that presents “the same terms, and the same point of view, as it is presented to the artist.” The art historian needs to have technical knowledge in order for him, or her, to correctly establish a chronology, in ...

Rock Art and Human Culture

Koonalda cave is located in the southern part of Australia in the Nullarbor Plains. This locations is a significant study into human cultures in the prehistory periods, while it highlights the different associations essential to influence human development through art and cultural. The Koonalda Cave supports and helps the archeology community in Australia to relate the importance of the cave to the Mirning people. It is value is located and shared among its features of art and drawings or curving on the walls of the cave. It is through research that the community used the cave for art and ...

Describe which general fossil primate groups appear and radiate during the following geological epochs: Eocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene. For each of the geological epochs, identify the general primate group that first appears and radiates during that epoch. In addition, give the time range in millions of years for each epoch and provide at least one example of a specific primate genus and/ or species that is representative of each general primate group. 2. List and briefly describe at least five elements of the post-cranial anatomy found in humans, but not in apes, that facilitate efficient bipedal locomotion. Provide specific ...

17 Month Year

Archeology and Art History

It is vital to note that Max Loehr was a distinguished art historian, especially of Chinese art. His 1953 paper was specifically focused on the historical study of Chinese bronzes. The study reflected on the fact that archeology pointed out the fact that the style of an object is not its property. What Robert Bagley set out to do in his book, Max Loehr and the Study of Chinese Bronzes: Style and Classification in the History of Art, was to point out to all art historians, that style and classification is of great concern to all ...

The most beautiful and fascinating artistic aspect of the Chinese ritual objects was the use of bronze. In ancient times, vessels were made to be used for drinks and foods and came in different forms. Some of the containers had accents of rounded and molded handles which rest on well-created bases. Bronze vessels have a well-designed covering which depicts mythical images of mostly animals (Chang, p. 529). Since the beginning of the millennia, they left these vessels with shades of green. There was an addition of hues that helped in bringing a visual display of the art. In the ...

Introduction

The Minoan Civilization was the forerunner of the ancient Greek culture which emerged from the island of Crete. The island of Crete was isolated from the rest of the Greek mainland by the Sea of Crete to the north and by the Mediterranean Sea to the west. The island with its mountainous rugged terrain and white sand coastal areas proved to be a great spot for international affairs and trade routes especially for the European, Africa, and Asia Minor merchants. Because of its isolated landscape, many scholars have proposed the existence of cultural interactions between Cretan civilization and those ...

MODERN MARKETING FOR AN ANCIENT CITY

MODERN MARKETING FOR AN ANCIENT CITY

Introduction

Belfast is one of the world’s most ancient cities, its location at the mouth of the River Lagan having been continuously occupied since about 2,000 years BCE. There are good reasons for this. Courtesy of the Gulf Stream, the site has a mild climate that seldom gets above 65 degrees F. or below 35 degrees F. Its northern latitude gives it one of the world’s shortest winter, and longest summer, days at the biannual solstices. It rarely snows. The city is ringed by low mountains that create a microclimate to ...

Anthropological and archaeological research has taken full advantage of technological progress in the past decades, and human remains have been able to answer many more questions about the origin of our species than science has ever been able to provide before. While exploring human past is an important scientific area, biological anthropology and archeology have not been devoid of ethical controversies. The motivations, methods and rights of the scientists over the remains have been often questioned by critics and opponents who have different views regarding the ways in which these artifacts should be treated. Spiritual beliefs and cultural practices ...

The Old Testament discipline studies with its supporting archaeological, philological, literary technicians and historical are composed on the edge of new times which contains both threats and promises. It states that biblical texts were given fair opportunities to talk as a witness to the reality the bible was acknowledged to describe. This text was imperiled to appropriate scrutiny obtained from the textual criticism science, syntax, morphology, criticism form, and lexicography. The advantages obtained from these researchers were not without the significant benefits garnered from external control multitudes. Archaeology was good in the vanguard setting the Old Testament scholars pace ...

English is a rich language, in that each nation, and even each local area in which it is spoken uses a slightly different dialect, with its own lexicon, phonology, and vocabulary. Speech patterns are adapted to meet the needs customs and backgrounds of local speakers. This can be seem in the Kentish and Cornish dialects presented in the following texts from Early Modern English: \"Ich am a Comishe Man\" (1547) by Cornwall and \"A Wooing song of a Yeoman of Kent´s Sonne\" (1611), by Ken. While there are certain distinct similarities, there are also speech patterns that are ...

Religious change among the Aztecs

Annotated Bibliography Berdan, Frances, Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory, pp. 215-296. NY: Cambridge University Press (2014).

The source tells of the history and religion of the Aztec people.

Burkhart, Louise. “The missionary missionized.” In her The Slippery Earth: Nahua- Christian Moral Dialogue in Sixteenth-Century Mexico, pp. 15-45. Tucson: University of Arizona Press (1989).

This source tells about the implementation of Christianity on Aztec society.

Cervantes, Fernando. “The Indian response.” In his The Devil in the New World, pp. 40- 73. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press (1994) The source reminds one that they should be looking at the paper through an objective lens, rather than proscribing any ideals onto the Aztecs or the Spaniards. Florescano, Enrique, “Transformation of indigenous memory and resurgence of ...

Introduction

As we look at the significance of the Mhabodhi Temple as a sacred site in India, we must consider the impact of the Buddhist faith on this land. To begin, let me give a definition of each of the four noble truths, as given to us by Buddha, and provide a short explanation of each. The First Noble Truth is Dukkha (Suffering). Simply put, life on earth is ripe with suffering. It is all around us and cannot be avoided. Throughout life, there will sickness, poverty, disease, issues with growing old, and eventually death. Buddha also teaches that we ...

Archaeology gives us a better understanding of humans’ past historical events. It provides us with details of how people lived, their routines, rituals, culture and society. In addition, it helps is determining whether certain misconceptions about communities are factual or true. The integration of archaeology to anthropology is a way to gain more understanding of history. By studying past communities using their artefacts and structure, we gain more information on how we are similar to the past communities or the influences such history has on people descended from the same communities. A lot has been learnt by discovering ancient ...

Museum of Fine Arts Houston; compare and contrast an Italian Renaissance painting with Greek vase painting.

In this work, I will analyze two works from the Houston Museum of Fine Arts, from different epochs and of different styles. Even the means involved are different. It may seem that these artworks can only be contrasted; however, it is an interesting challenge to compare them. “Black-Figure Amphora Depicting two scenes: - Theseus slaying the Minotaur - Gods in array departing for Olympus”. Date 530-510 BC. Attributed to the Antimenes Painter, Greek  Greek ceramics is the most common finding in the archaeological studies of ancient Greece; you can find it all over the areal settlement of the ancient ...

Abstract

A dual carriageway is proposed to be constructed in the town moving in the east-west direction. The dual carriage is intended to be eight-kilometer long looping around the northern part of the town. Cut and fill techniques are used where half of the road is cut to a maximum of six meters. Half of the road is supported by an embankment of six meters high. At the eastern and western ends of the road are of grade where the road joins other roads and at the middle where the cut sections meet the filled sections. The road has a ...

Who were the mummies in the Tarim Basin? If the findings were so revolutionary what could have been the reason of keeping them in museum storages without any publication for such a long time? At the end of the 1980s, 3000-year-old mummies who were perfectly preserved began appearing in the Desert of Taklamakan. They had very long blonde or red hair, European traits, and did not seem to have herald from the Chinese people. Archaeologists began to think that the Tarim mummies were civilians from the historical civilization at the crossroads between Europe and Asia. The mummies were tested ...

Uxmal is an ancient town, located on the Yucatan peninsula. Maya found this town in 700 A.D. It is a great example of the Puuc architecture and a UNESCO world heritage site since 1996 (UNESCO, 2016). The one of the peculiar features of Uxmal is its layout. It is organized in relation to astronomical events rather than simple geometry. According to Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, first written account of Uxmal was given by Padre Alonso Ponce in 1588 (Graham, 1992, vol. 4.2). There is plenty of information available on internet, even though it is somewhat academic in ...

Introduction

On the shores of the Gulf of Omen lies an almost dying city called Sur. Sur was the capital city of Ash Sharqiya Region before it was split into two. The primary activity in the city today seems like prayer and religion in general as most of the very few buildings in the city are mosques. The city only looks like what it used to be that what it is currently. The sea which is said to have been once the most active as a means of transport to East Africa looks deserted with only a few boats lying ...

Sumer was located in the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia. The location is present day Iraq and Kuwait. The place derives its name from the Akkadian language of North Mesopotamia. The inscription means the land of civilized kings. The Sumerians called themselves the black-headed people and therefore the land was land of the black-headed people in its simplest existence (Roaf, 2009). The Sumerian region was claimed to have been inhabited at first during the period 4500BCE. This has brought a point of contention as human activity had been purported to have taken place much earlier. Archaeological evidence provides these ...

Question 1 – The Silk Road

The Silk Road is thought to have been pioneered by Zhang Qian who chose to open well known ancient trade roads. Between 139 BC and 119 BC, he traveled bring with him massive amounts of data about Western Asia and Central Asia. Originally thought to be termed as such by German geographer Ferninand on Richthoten during the 1870s, the Silk Road was not actually one single road but a series of routes, treks and trips throughout Central Asia, as East met North; the major players in this new intra-territorial and overseas ventures were the Mediterranean, Greece and Asia (Waugh, ...

LIST YOUR INSTRUCTOR’S NAME

LIST THE COURSE LIST THE DATE THE ESSAY IS FILED The Abolition of Slavery Introduction Historians evaluate in several ways the distinctions and similarities of the North and South just before the Civil War. The North’s population was 50 percent more than the South’s. Blacks comprised just over one percent of the North’s population while about 95 percent of Southern blacks were slaves. The North emphasized manufacturing and commercial enterprises while the South focused on agricultural development, mostly with the labor of slaves (Pessen 1121). This essay discusses topics related to the important issue of slavery ...

Doi Suthep-Pui National Park

Doi Suthep-Pui National Park

Rationale for choosing Doi Suthep-Pui National Park landscape

The Doi Suthep-Pui National Park is considered as one of the greatest cultural landscapes in Thailand’s Chiang Mai Province. The cultural landscape meets the high standards of international criteria on the aspects of its richness in natural aspects since it offers a scenic location of biodiversity besides having both rare and endangered species in its vicinity. The Doi Suthep-Pui National Park is critically a significant venue for a visit as it presents different cultural and natural attractions, for instance, the Phra That Doi Suthep Temple (Sponsel, 2014). Additionally, tribal people have lived in the ...

Food is a fundamental necessity of life and therefore becomes a rich conveyor of cultural traditions and norms and attracts patterns of symbolic significance much like a magnet, for example, who is entitled to eat with whom, and when, and how food is to be shared. The cultural understandings surrounding the sharing of food illuminates social dynamics by distinguishing cohesive social units and social distance. Indeed, it can be said that a culture is encoded in the expectations of behavior associated with the communal act of dining. The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical continuity of ...

Introduction 3

Relationship between Remote Sensing and GIS 3 Increased Interest to Understand the Earth 4 Applications of Geographic Information Systems 5 Mapping Data 5 Proximity Analysis 6 Buffering 7 Finding Clusters 7 Finding the Nearest 7 Disaster Management 7 Crime Statistics 8 Archaeology 8 Health Management 8 Conclusion 9

References List 10

Geographic Information Systems The use of Geographic Information Systems has significantly transformed over the past ten years. GIS has brought the golden age of powerful information technology that enables people to store large sets of data. This technology has also expanded system memories, and the process is affordable to many. Initially, ...

Mirna Salim

Introduction Cats have been living with us for thousands of years. As opposed to other domestic animals like cows and sheep that provide as with food and other raw materials, it has never been clear the main reason why human domesticated cats. Some schools of thought believe that cat was domesticated to help human eradicate rodents which were destroying crops. However, others believe that cats were domesticated just to be pets, to keep human company. This research will not major in the reason as to why cat was domesticated, but rather will focus on the origin of the domesticated ...

1. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are one of the ancient wonders, which had been constructed in Babylonia’s capital city, Babylon, situated in the Persian Gulf of the present-day Iraq. King Nebuchadnezzar, who ruled Babylon for over 43 years, built the gardens for his wife, Amyitis in seventh century B.C. . The gardens were 400 feet in length and width, with a height of over 80 feet. The gardens consist of arched terraces placed one above another, which rest upon huge cube-shaped pillars. The terraces are not only hollow, but filled with earth to ...

It was one hundred years before the arrival of Columbus when the Great Temple of Mound was started in the southern part of U.S. It is believed that the people that settled at Chucalissa were people from Mississippi. The settlement is believed to have been established in 900 A.D. Following that suspicion, the region of the Mississippi has been under the archeological excavation for a very long time. The Native Americans are believed to have arrived along the Mississippi River in the 10,000-12000 years ago. The first group to arrive in Chucalissa hunted ice age animals for food. ...

Some cities were imagined, designed and created wholly or partially in a way that forever provided shape for their histories and identities, governments and religions as well as for the economies of their citizens. An example is the great city of Jerusalem. Whatever they were or however they developed later in time, the details of their foundation, along the momentous and monumental contractions that redesigned or redefined various sectors within them make them case studies in the historical processes that surround cities as well as their regional and continental effects. The paper attempts to identify the evolution of Jerusalem ...

The World Art history knows a number of masterpieces that are significant for some particular period of art. This can be a “Mona Lisa” by Leonardo Da Vinci and even the cave art by the first people. All of them are carrying their own significance in this world and the history of the whole humanity in general. Taking to the consideration the fact that the originals of the art should be lead since the dawn of times, the art of the first people, who lived hundreds of centuries ago, is the fundament and the basis for all the following ...

Rome brought light to the darkest and the most barbaric places of the world, and if and when it did, these were areas that posed value to the strategic interests of the empire rather than be regions that needed civilizing. Britain was the island whose unique geography allowed founding a city serving the imperial interests well. Its conquest improved the image of the empire as a formidable force to reckon with and enhanced the reputation of the emperor. Furthermore, the introduction of religious and cultural buildings into Londinium served the ideological purpose of exposing the new subjects to the ...

Von Daniken’s Evidence of Extraterrestrials Visits to Earth

Von Daniken mentions the Tassili sphere where Henri Lhote found images underneath a semicircular rock. In the image, a woman is pulling a man and behind her is a sphere with concentric circles. On the upper side of the sphere, a hatch is open with a television aerial protruding from it. There are hands with outspread fingers on the right half of the sphere. There are also five floating figures wearing helmets with white and red dots accompanying the sphere. Von Daniken also uses a gigantic stone egg discovered in 1940 by an archeologist known as Professor Marcel Homet ( ...

Introduction

Toofortii, presumably the original inhabitants of the area under the map, had interesting social lives and survival techniques. Therefore, this research proposal aims at establishing various evidences of cultural practices of the Toofortii, and how culture influenced their behavior and ways of life. In this regard, archaeological study of the Toofortii people will entail critical analysis of all the information that the research study can acquire. Apparently, the research problem that will be the basis of this study is that the Toofortii civilization has been ignored for a long time, and their significance in current settlements in the area ...